rried it as far as philosophy can. You may buy both his and philosophical works in two volumes folio, for about igs. BOSWELL. "One of the most pleasing thoughts shall see our friends again."1 JOHNSON. "Yes, Sir; 1st consider, that when we are become purely rational, ir friendships will be cut off. Many friendships are a community of sensual pleasures: all these will be cut form many friendships with bad men, because they ble qualities, and they can be useful to us; but, after can no longer be of use to us. We form many friendnistake, imagining people to be different from what are. After death, we shall see every one in a true n, Sir, they talk of our meeting our relations: but then all is dissolved; and we shall have no regard for one person nother, but for their real value. However, we shall either tisfaction of meeting our friends, or be satisfied without m." BOSWELL. "Yet, Sir, we see in scripture, that Dives d an anxious concern about his brethren." JOHNSON. , we must either suppose that passage to be metaphorical, many divines, and all the Purgatorians, that departed souls at once arrive at the utmost perfection of which they are BOSWELL. "I think, Sir, that is a very rational supposition." 'Why, yes, Sir; but we do not know it is a true one. harm in believing it but you must not compel others to article of faith; for it is not revealed." BosWELL. "Do Sir, it is wrong in a man who holds the doctrine of to pray for the souls of his deceased friends?" JOHNSON. Sir." BOSWELL. "I have been told, that in the Liturgy scopal Church of Scotland, there was a form of prayer d." JOHNSON. "Sir, it is not in the Liturgy which Laud the Episcopal Church of Scotland: if there is a liturgy that, I should be glad to see it." BOSWELL. "As to our t in a future state, the sacred writings say little. The however, of St. John gives us many ideas, and particularly usick." JOHNSON. "Why, Sir, ideas must be given you of something which you know: and as to musick there hilosophers and divines who have maintained that we shall tualized to such a degree, but that something of matter,

:

Hall, in his Epistle, "discoursing of the different degrees of heavenly our mutual knowledge of each other above," (Dec. iii. c. 6,) holds the both these questions.-M.]

BOSWELL. "I do not know whether there are any well-attested ies of the appearance of ghosts. You know there is a famous y of the appearance of Mrs. Veal, prefixed to Drelincourt on th."" JOHNSON. "I believe, Sir, that is given up. I believe the nan declared upon her death-bed that it was a lie."1 BOSWELL his objection is made against the truth of ghosts appearing that ey are in a state of happiness, it would be a punishment to them eturn to this world; and if they are in a state of misery, it would giving them a respite." JOHNSON. "Why, Sir, as the happiness nisery of embodied spirits does not depend upon place, but is llectual, we cannot say that they are less happy or less miserable ppearing upon earth."

We went down between twelve and one to Mrs. Williams's room, drank tea. I mentioned that we were to have the remains of Gray, in prose and verse, published by Mr. Mason. JOHNSON hink we have had enough of Gray. I see they have published plendid edition of Akenside's works. One bad ode may be ered; but a number of them together makes one sick." BOSWELL kenside's distinguished poem is his 'Pleasures of Imagination: for my part, I never could admire it so much as most people JOHNSON. "Sir, I could not read it through." BOSWELL.") read it through; but I did not find any great power in it." I mentioned Elwal, the heretick, whose trial Sir John Pringle given me to read. JOHNSON. "Sir, Mr. Elwal was, I think, an nonger at Wolverhampton; and he had a mind to make himsel ous, by being the founder of a new sect, which he wished much ld be called Elwallians. He held, that every thing in the Old cament that was not typical, was to be of perpetual observance so he wore a ribband in the plaits of his coat, and he also wor ard. I remember I had the honour of dining in company with Elwal. There was one Barter, a miller, who wrote agains and you had the controversy between Mr. ELWAL and Mr TER. To try to make himself distinguished he wrote a letter to I George the Second, challenging him to dispute with him, in h he said, George, if you be afraid to come by yourself, to dis with a poor old man, you may bring a thousand of your black ds with you; and if you should still be afraid, you may bring

This fiction is known to have been invented by Daniel Defoe, and was adde second edition of the English translation of Drelincourt's work, (which wa ally written in French,) to make it sell The first edition had it not.-M.]

thousand of your red-guards.' The letter had something of the impudence of Junius to our present King. But the men of Wolverhampton were not so inflammable as the Common-Council of London; so Mr. Elwal failed in his scheme of making himself a man of great consequence."

On Tuesday, March 31, he and I dined at General Paoli's. A question was started whether the state of marriage was natural to man. JOHNSON. "Sir, it is so far from being natural for a man and woman to live in a state of marriage, that we find all the motives which they have for remaining in that connection, and the restraints which civilized society imposes to prevent separation, are hardly sufficient to keep them together." The General said, that in a state of nature a man and woman uniting together, would form a strong and constant affection, by the mutual pleasure each would receive; and that the same causes of dissention would not arise betweeen them, as occur between husband and wife in a civilized state. JOHNSON. "Sir, they would have dissentions enough though of another kind. One would choose to go a hunting in this wood, the other in that; one would choose to go a fishing in this lake, the other in that; or, perhaps, one would choose to go a hunting, when the other would choose to go a fishing; and so they would part. Besides, Sir, a savage man and a savage woman meet by chance : and when the man sees another woman that pleases him better, he will leave the first."

We then fell into a disquisition whether there is any beauty independent of utility. The General maintained there was not. Dr. Johnson maintained that there was; and he instanced a coffee cup which he held in his hand, the painting of which was of no real use, as the cup could hold the coffee equally well if plain; yet the painting was beautiful.

We talked of the strange custom of swearing in conversation. The General said, that all barbarous nations swore from a certain violence of temper, that could not be confined to earth, but was always reaching at the powers above. He said, too, that there was greater variety of swearing, in proportion as there was a greater variety of religious ceremonies.

Dr. Johnson went home with me to my lodgings in Conduitstreet and drank tea, previous to our going to the Pantheon, which neither of us had seen before.

He said, "Goldsmith's Life of Parnell is poor; not that it is poorly written, but that he had poor materials; for nobody can

write the life of a man, but those who have eat and drunk and lived in social intercourse with him."

I said, that if it was not troublesome and presuming too much, I would request him to tell me all the little circumstances of his life; what schools he attended, when he came to Oxford, when he came to London, &c. &c. He did not disapprove of my curiosity as to these particulars; but said, "They'll come out by degies, as we talk together."

He censured Ruffhead's Life of Pope; and said, "he knew nothing of Pope, and nothing of poetry." He praised Dr. Joseph Warton's Essay on Pope; but said, "he supposed we should have no more of it, as the authour had not been able to persuade the world to think of Pope as he did." BOSWELL. "Why, Sir, should that prevent him from continuing his work? He is an ingenious Counsel, who has made the most of his cause: he is not obliged to gain it.” JOHNSON. "But, Sir, there is a difference when the cause is of a man's own making."

We talked of the proper use of riches. JOHNSON. “If I were a man of a great estate, I would drive all the rascals whom I did not like out of the county, at an election."

I asked him, how far he thought wealth should be employed in hospitality. JOHNSON. "You are to consider that ancient hospitality, of which we hear so much, was in an uncommercial country, when men being idle, were glad to be entertained at rich men's tables. But in a commercial country, a busy country, time becomes precious, and therefore hospitality is not so much valued. No doubt there is still room for a certain degree of it; and a man has a satisfaction in seeing his friends eating and drinking around him. But promiscuous hospitality is not the way to gain real influence. You must help some people at table before others; you must ask some people how they like their wine oftener than others. You therefore offend more people than you please. You are like the French statesman, who said, when he granted a favour, 'J'ai fait dix mécontents et un ingrat?' Besides, Sir, being entertained ever so well at a man's table, impresses no lasting regard or esteem. No, Sir, the way to make sure of power and influence is, by lending money confidentially to your neighbours at a small interest, or perhaps at no interest at all, and having their bonds in your possession." BOSWELL. "May not a man, Sir, employ his riches to advantage, in educating young men of merit?" JOHNSON. "Yes, Sir, if they fall in your way; but if it be understood that you patronize young men of merit, you will be harassed with solicitations. You will have numbers forced upon

you, who have no merit; some will force them upon you from mistaken partiality; and some from downright interested motives, without scruple; and you will be disgraced."

"Were I a rich man, I would propagate all kinds of trees that will grow in the open air. A green-house is childish. I would introduce foreign animals into the country; for instance, the reindeer."

66

"1

The conversation now turned on critical subjects.

JOHNSON.

Bayes, in The Rehearsal,' is a mighty silly character. If it was intended to be like a particular man, it could only be diverting while that man was remembered. But I question whether it was meant for Dryden, as has been reported; for we know some of the passages said to be ridiculed, were written since the Rehearsal; at least a passage mentioned in the Preface is of a later date." I maintained that it had merit as a general satire on the self-importance of dramatick authours. But even in this light he held it very cheap.

We then walked to the Pantheon. The first view of it did not strike us so much as Ranelagh, of which he said, the "coup d'oeil was the finest thing he had ever seen." The truth is, Ranelagh is of a more beautiful form; more of it, or rather indeed the whole rotunda, appears at once, and it is better lighted. However, as Johnson observed, we saw the Pantheon in time of mourning, when there was a dull uniformity; whereas we had seen Ranelagh, when the view was enlivened with a gay profusion of colours. Mrs. Bosville, of Gunthwait, in Yorkshire, joined us, and entered into conversation with us. Johnson said to me afterwards, "Sir, this is a mighty intelligent lady."

I said there was not half a guinea's worth of pleasure in seeing this place. JOHNSON. "But, Sir, there is half a guinea's worth of inferiority to other people in not having seen it." BOSWELL. "I doubt, Sir, whether there are many happy people here." JOHNSON. "Yes, Sir, there are many happy people here. There are many

1 This project has since been realized. Sir Henry Liddel, who made a spirited tour into Lapland, brought two rein-deer to his estate in Northumberland, where they bred but the race has unfortunately perished.

2 [There is no preface to "The Rehearsal," as originally published. Dr. Johnson seems to have meant the Address to the Reader with a KEY subjoined to it; which have been prefixed to the modern editions of that play. He did not know, it appears, that several additions were made to "The Rehearsal" after the first edition. The ridicule on the passages here alluded to is found among those additions. They therefore furnish no ground for the doubts here suggested. Unquestionably Bayes was meant to be the representative of Dryden, whose familiar phrases in his ordinary conversation are frequently introduced in this piece.-M.]