the chur!, are the sinful methods which he xii. 16. Exod. v. 22. To be intreated, is kindly useth to increase his wealth, Isa. xxxii. 7. Zech- to regard and grant a request, Gen. xxv. 21. ariah took to him the instruments of a foolish INTRUDE; proudly to press in by force; to shepherd, a scrip and staff, and behaved as a fool-pry into things above our reach, and which we Ish shepherd: this signified the foolishness and have no call nor need to know, Col. ii. 18. tyranny of the Jewish rulers after the time of INVADE; to enter a country, with a view Christ. Some think it also marked the foolish-to cut off or subdue the inhabitants, or to carry ness and tyranny of the Romish popes: Zech off their wealth, 2 Kings xiii. 20. xi. 15. 16. The instruments of cruelty in Sime-|| INVENT; to contrive; find out. INVENTIONS on and Levi's habitations, were their swords, are. (1) Wise contrivances, respecting knowledge, wherewith they had murdered the Shechemites, arts, management, Prov. viii. 12. (2) Idolatrous Gen. xlix. 6. and other sinful devices and practices, contrived INSURRECTION; a rebellious rising of sub-by men, to render themselves happy or honourjects against their magistrates, Psal. Ixiv. 2.led, Psal. cevi. 29. xcix. 8 Eccl. vii. 29.

Mark xv. 2.

INVISIBLE; what cannot be seen by our bodily eyes, Rom. i. 20.

INTANGLE: to bring into trouble or danger, that one can hardly escape. The Hebrews were INWARD. Inward parts, denote the soul or intangled at the Red sea, the sea being before heart; and inward signifies what belongs to the them, the Egyptians behind them, and rugged soul, Psal. lì. 6. An inward friend, is one who rocks on every hand of them, Exod. xiv. 3. The truly and from the heart loves us; or who is veJews thought to intangle Christ in his talk, by ry familiar with us, and shares of our secrets, decoying him to speak something criminal, and Job xix. 19.

which he could not excuse or defend, Matth.|| JOB, the son of Zeruiab, brother of Abishai xxii. 15. The Jews were intangled with the and Asahel, the nephew and general of King enslaving yoke of ceremonies; so fixedly ac-David, was a faithful and valiant commander customed to them, as neither to be able or willing but imperious, cruel, and revengeful. No doubt. to free themselves therefrom, Gal. v. 1. Men he attended his uncle in his exile, under Saul. are intangled by their lusts, when so inveigled At Gibeon, he sinfully complied with Abner's and fixed in a course of sin, that they neither proposal of a combat betwixt twelve on each will nor can leave it, 2 Pet. ii. 20. Men are in-side, of David's and Ishbosheth's men. That vetangled in the affairs of this life, when their carery day he defeated the troops under Abner, but of, and labour therein, distract and captivate lost Asahel his brother. To revenge his death, their minds, 2 Tim. ii. 4.

INTEGRITY; downright honesty, sincerity, Job xxvii. 5.

INTELLIGENCE; correspondence for information, Dan. xi, 30.

he afterwards treacherously murdered Abner; nor durst David punish him for so doing, as he and his brother Abishai had the troops so much at their beck By first entering the city of Jerusalem, and driving back the Jebusite guards, INTÉND ; to aim ; to purpose, Acts v. 28. 35. he procured himself the office of commander to INTENT; end, 2Sam, xvii. 14. Acts x. 29. The all the Hebrew troops. Chiefly under his direcintents of the heart, are its secret purposes and tion of the army, the Moabites. Philistines, aims, Jer. xxx. 24. Edomites, Syrians, and Ammonites, were renINTERCESSION; a pleading in behalf of dered tributary to Israel. At David's direction, others. Christ maketh intercession for us; he he basely promoted the murder of Uriah. By appears before God in our nature, and pleads, his direction the widow of Tekoah procured Ab that the blessings purchased with his blood may salom's return from exile. He afterwards probe given us, Isa, liii, 12. Rom. iii. 34. The Ho-cured his admission to court; but was his hearty ly Ghost makes intercession for us with groan-opposer when he rebelled against his father; and, ings that cannot be uttered; he excites to prayer, contrary to David's orders, killed him, as he directs what to ask, and enables to offer our re-hung by his hair on an oak-tree. He wisely, quests to God in a duly earnest manner, Rom. but harshly chid David for his excessive and illviii. 26. We make intercession for men, when timed sorrow for Absalom's death, and bis neg. we plead with God on their behalf, and for his lect of the brave warriors who had routed the gifts and graces to them, I Tim. ii. 1. In a time rebellious host. The killing of Absalom, and of universal apostacy, God wondered that there this harsh usage, David resented, by displacing was no intercessor, none to stand up in behalf of him from his generalship, and putting Amasa his religion, and wrestle with him for the turning cousin, and the commander of Absalom's host, away of his wrath, Isa. lix. 16. in his room. Joab however, attended his broINTERMEDDLE; (1.) To attempt to deal in, ther Abishai's troop, as a volunteer, in the purProv. xviii. 1. (2.) To share of, Prov. xiv. 10.

suit of Sheba the son of Bichri, who had raised a INTERMISSION; ceasing, breaking off a lit-new rebellion. He quickly murdered Amasa, tle, Lam. iii. 49. when he came up, and resumed his command. He INTERPRET; (1.) To explain the words of pursued, and quickly procured the head of She. one language into those of another, 1 Cor. xii.'ba, and quashed his rebellion. He wisely re30. (2.) To shew the sense of something mys-monstrated against David's numbering the peoterious and obscure, Gen. xli. 8. Jesus is an ple, but was obliged to execute that task; and interpreter, one among a thousand: he, by the in ten months performed the greater part of it, powerful illumination of his word and Spirit, ex- 2 Sam. ii. iii. v. viii.—xii. xiv. xviii.—xx. xxiv. plains and shows unto men the deep and dark When, through old age, David concerned himthings of God, Job xxxiii. 23. self little in the government of the kingdom,

INTREAT; (1.) To beseech; to beg ear- Joab and Abiathar, contrary to their master's nestly; to pray, Exod. viii. 8. Gen. xxiii. 8. known intentions, thought to have set up AdoniRuth i. 16. (2.) To entertain; deal with, Gen, jah to be his successor. The attempt miscarried,

but tended to increase David's disgust at Joah. the name of his son. By Joash, God delivered On his death-bed he requested Solomon to pun- the Israelites from their Syrian oppressors. ish him for the murder of Abner and Aniasa. With no small concern he visited the prophet Some time after David's death, Joab, hearing Elisha in his dying moments; and from him that Adonijah was executed by Soloman's or- had the prediction of a triple victory over the ders, fled to the horns of the brazen altar at Gi-Syrians. Joash had not long routed the Syrians, beon, for refuge. Solomon sent Benaiah, now and recovered the cities which they had taken general of the host, to require him to quit his from Israel, when Amaziah king of Judah proplace of protection. Joab refused and said he voked him to war; but Joash defeated him, pilwould die on the spot. Solomon ordered him to laged his capitol, and returned to Samaria in be killed where he was. This being done, he triumph, and died A. M. 3179, 2 Kings xiii. 2 was buried in his own house, in the wilderness,Chron. xxv.

1 Kings i. ii.

JOB, a noted inhabitant of the land of Uz, eastJOASH, or JEHOASH, the son of Ahaziah king ward of Gilead. An addition to the Septuagint of Judah. Jehoshebah, the wife of Jehoiada the version of his book, as well as Philo, Aristeas, high priest, his aunt, preserved him from the and Polyhistor, and a great many of the fathers, murderous designs of ATHALIAH, his grandmo-reckoned him the same as Jobab, one of the ther, when he was but a year old, and kept him ancient kings of FDOM, and third in descent six years in a chamber belonging to the temple. from Esau, but it is more probable that he was When he was seven years of age, Jehoiada en-a descendant of Nahor, by Haz his eldest son, tered into a solemn covenant with Azariah the as Elihu was by Buz his second. Dr. Owen son of Jeroham, Ishmael the son of Jehohanan,thinks Job was contemporary with Abraham": Azariah the son of Obed, Maaseiah the son of but how then could Eliphaz, a descendant of Adaiah, and Elishaphat the son of Zichri, to set Esau, have been his aged friend? Some place up young Joash for their sovereign, and dethrone him as late as the times of Ezekiel : but how the wicked Athaliah. After preparing matters then have we no allusion in his book to the pas in the kingdom, and bringing the Levites, and sage of the Hebrews through the Red sea, or such others as they could trust, to Jerusalem, their entrance into Canaan, though there is to they crowned him in the court of the temple with the deluge, and to the burning of Sodom and great solemnity. Alarmed with the acclama-Gomorrah with fire and brimstone? This renders tions, Athaliah run to the court, but was quickly probable that his affliction was before the Hecarried forth and slain. Joash and his subjects rews' departure from Egypt; thongh perhaps a covenanted with the Lord to serve him only, and great part of his 140 years life afterwards might with one another. No sooner was Joash placed the posterior to it. This is confirmed by the con in the palace, than the people pulled down the sideration of Eliphaz, his aged friend, who spoke statue of Baal, and demolished his temple, and first, his being a Temanite, and consequently at slew Mattan his priest; but the high places least a great grand-child of Esan. Some have were not removed. Jehoiada then, as tutor for pretended, that the whole book of Job is but a Joash, set on foot the repairs of the temple; but dramatic fiction, and that no such person ever it was so slowly done, that in the 23d year of Jo-existed: but God's mention of him as a righte ash it was scarce begun. lustigated by Joash, ous man, together with Noah and Daniel, aud Jehoiada set about it effectually, by a volunta-James' testimony to his patience and happy end, ry collection. While Jehoiada lived, Joash sufficiently refute that imagination, Ezek. xiv. zealously promoted reformation; but no sooner James v. 11.

was that high-priest in his grave, than Joash At first, Job was in a very prosperous condihearkened to his wicked courtiers. The wor-tion; he had seven sons and three daughters, ship of God was neglected, and idolatry prevail who lived in the utmost harmony and affluence ed, Zechariah the priest, the son of Jehoiada, he had a prodigious number of flocks, herds, and faithfully warned the people of their sin and servants; and was the greatest man in that conn danger. By order of Joash, his ungrateful con- try. His piety and integrity were distinguished; sin, he was stoned to death between the porch his clearness from idolatry and unchastity, his and the altar. This martyr, when dying, assur- abhorrence of pride and injustice, were remarked them that his death should be divinely re- ably so. Not only did he regulate his own per venged. His prediction was quickly accom-sonal practice, but took care of the piety of his plished. Hazael invaded the kingdom; but children. When his sons held their annual with a large sum of money, Joash redeemed his feasts, perhaps on their respetive birth-days, he capital from plunder. About a year after, a always rose early next morning, and, with pray small host of Syrians ravaged the country, de-er, offered up sacrifices for them, fearing lest feated the huge army of Joash, pillaged his cap they might have sinned, and cursed, contemned, ital, and murdered his princes. After loading or forsaken God in their hearts, Job i. 1.-5. himself with ignominy and disgrace, they left xxix.xxxi.

him; but his own servants, soon after, murdered Upon a certain day, when the angelic or the him in his own bed, in the 41st year of his reign, human sons of God were assembled together beA. M. 3116; and he was buried in the royal city.fore God, Satan presented himself among them. but not in the sepulchres of the kings, 2 Kings In a manner we do not understand, God quesxi. xii. 2 Chron. xxiii. xxiv. tioned the fiend, where he had been employed? JOASH, or JEHOASH, son of Jehoahaz, and and if he had considered, or set his heart against grandson of Jehu. After a reign of two years his servant Job, so distinguished for piety and in conjunction with his father, he reigned four-goodness Satan replied, that Job was but a teen more alone over the kingdom of Israel. inercenary hypocrite, who served God to ob He copied after the wickedness of Jeroboam the tain and preserve his uncommon wealth; but son of Nebat, and perhaps honoured him with if he was sharply or even a little afflicted, he

would contemptuously curse his Maker, and bid lot of the Godly, thongh eternal punishments in adien to his service. For the manifestation and hell were reserved only for the wicked. By his exercise of Job's grace, Satan was permitted to reasonings, and his solemn protestations of his rain all he had; but limited from tonching his integrity, he put them to silence. Elihut then person. He immediately vented his malice spoke, and admitting Job to be a saint, he sharpagainst Job: he stirred up the thievish Sabeansly reproved him for his unguarded speeches, to fall on his cattle. These they drove away, and and his desire to justify himself at the expense his servants they murdered. He next caused fire of the divine honour. His discourse introduced' from heaven fall on his flocks, and burn them up. Job's conviction. God, by a solemn speech, deand the servants that kept them. Next he claratory of his power and sovereignty in the made the savage Chaldeans fall on the camels, works of nature, particularly with respect to the and murder the servants who attended them. earth, the sea, air, stars, lions, goats, hinds, wild Much about the same time, while the ten chil-asses, unicorn, ostriches, horse, hawks, eagles, dren feasted in the house of their elder brother, behemoth, and leviathan; and, by a number of he raised a terrible storm, that buried them all pungent queries, convinced Job of his ignorance in the ruins of the house. In each of these dis-and vileness, to a great degree. Job no sooner asters, just one was preserved to bring the tidings repented of his miscarriages, than God reproved to Joh. Scarce had one finished his doleful sto-his three friends, for the misrepresentation of his ry, when another came up with his. In great providence, and charged them to offer sacrifice, composure Job heard all; and at last, to mark and to desire Job to pray for forgiveness to them. his grief, rent his clothes, and shaved off the hair Hereon Job was relieved from his distress. His of his head. With resignation to the whole, he friends came to him on every side, and each gave blessed God, who had given him his children him presents of money. It was not long when and wealth, and who had taken them away. his riches were double of what they had been, Job i. and he had as many children as before. These Not long after, Satan presented himself again were not doubled as the former were not lost, but before God in the former manner, and was di-gone to the eternal state. To his three daughvinely asked, where he had been? and if he had ters, the most comely in the country, he gave observed how piously Job had behaved himself names, Jemima, Kezia, Keren-happuch, signiunder his heavy afflictions, which had not been [fying, that his prosperity, happiness, and glory, merited by any peculiar wickedness? He sug- were recovered. After this, Job lived 140 years, gested that there was very little in Job's being aud saw his posterity to the fourth generation.content to lose his children and wealth, when his Was Job a type of our blessed Redeemer? How person was untouched; but alleged, if that were infinitely rich and righteous he! yet for our touched, he would contemptuously curse God, sakes he became poor how quickly reduced to and give up with his service. For the further deeps of abasement! how stupendous the troudiscovery and excitement of Job's grace, Satan ble he suffered from God! from Satan! from was permitted to do all that he could against his men both good and bad! how tempted, reproachbody, if he but spared his life. He immediately ed, afflicted! but how marvellous his resignation infected his body all over with most loathsome and patience! how seasonable and necessary his boils. Joh Jaid himself down on a dunghilll, and sacrifice! how undeserved and powerful his inwith a potsherd scraped off the putrid matter that tercession! how illustrious the glory and honour, ran from his boils. In an upbraiding tone his and his numerous family among the Gentiles, wife bid him curse God, and put an end to his that succeeded his poverty and suffering. life. He replied, that the motion was quite ab- Who was the writer of our inspired account of surd, as it becomes us to receive affliction ont Job; whether Job, Elihu, Moses, or some other, of God's hand, as willingly as the most agreeable we do not certainly know. From chap. iii. to outward favours, Job ii. His friends, hearing of xlii. 6. it is generally wrote in a kind of poesy; bis disaster, came to visit him. The chief were but the peculiar rules of the metre are not easy to Eliphaz the Temanite, Bil-fad the Shuhite, Zo be stated. The style is for the most part exphar the Naamathite, with a young man named tremely sublime, and the figures bold and striking Elibu. When they saw him at a distance, they in an uncommon degree. The poetic part of it is could scarce believe it was he: when they came perhaps, in the very language of the Arabs in the near, they could not speak to him for seven days; days of Job. The frequent allusions in it to things they were so shocked at his trouble, and saw him which we are unacquainted with, renders a varieso affected with his pain. At last Job's patience ty of passages in it not easily intelligible to us.--was overcome, and he cursed the day of his birth, Though the historical account of Job be inspired, and wished, that either he had never been born, we must not therefore conclude, that every senor had been soon after cut off by death. This oc-tence narrated in it is so too. From God's finding casioned a conference betwixt him and his no fault with Elihu, it seems that what he said is friends. Eliphaz and Bildad took three differ-divinely sustained as true. From God's finding ent turns in the conversation, and Zophar two fault with Job and his friends for their speeches, To add to his trouble, they insisted that God it is plain we must not look on them as the standnever punishes men with uncommon strokes, but ard of our faith and practice, as their speeches, for uncommon sins. They insisted, that certain-but only in as far as supported by other scriptures, ly he was a wicked hypocrite, since he had been Only Job's sentiments with respect to the outward so uncommonly punished. They intermingled providences of God, making no distinction as to a great many excellent hints concerning God, men's states, is divinely approven. and advices to duty. He answered them all in their turus; he maintained that he was no hypocrite, but a true fearer of God; and that distinguished afflictions in this world were often the

JOEL, the son of Pethuel, whom some, with out ground, take for Samuel, was one of the lesser prophets. As he makes no mention of the ten tribes, it seems that he prophesied after their

captivity, in the time of Hezekiah or Manasseh. to him as his disciples, and assisted him in calöng He represents a fearful famine, occasioned by ex- the people to repentance. Such was his virtue cessive drought, and by destructive vermin: he and fame, that many of the Jews suspected he directs to fasting and prayer, as the means of de- might be the Messiah. He assured them be w s liverance: he foretels the deliverance from te not; and, by divine direction, informed them, famine, and the effusion of the Holy Ghost on mul-that he on whom they should soon see the Holy titudes in the apostolic age: he predicts the ruin Ghost descend and reinain, was the Messiah. Ta of the Philistines and Phenicians; and perhaps of John Jesu- c me, and desired baptism; he, disthe Assyrian army in the valley of Jehoshaphat:cerning his true character, would have excused he concludes with promises of deliverance to the himself, as unfit for the office; but on Jesus hintJews in the latter days. ing, that it was necessary to his fulfilment of all JOHANAN, the son of Kareah, with his bro-righteousness, he complied. To the messengers ther Jonathan, and Seraiah, and Jezaniah, and sent by the prits and rulers, to know what be some other captains, who had fled off in small bo-pretended to be, he replied, that he was neither dies, came to Gedaliah at western Mizpah, and the Messiah, nor the ancient Elijah, nor an old he with an oath undertook for their safety, if they prophet risen from the dead; but was a poor unshould continue subject to the Chaldeans. They substantial voice in the wilderness, calling them informed Gedaliah of Ishmael's intended murder to prepare for the Messiah, and to remove every of him. After it was over, and they had pursued hindrance of receiving him. Next day John Ishmael, and recovered the captives he had carri-pointed out Jesus to the multitude, and soon after ed off, they retired to Chimham, which is by Beth-to two of his disciples, as the Lamb of God, that lehem. There they desired Jeremiah to ask di- takes away the sin of the world, Luke i. iii. Matth. rection of God, whether they should go to Egyptii, John i.

-xliv.

or not. As they were determined to go thither at Not long after, when John was baptising at any rate, they disregarded his warnings against Enon, near Salim, where was a number of small at, and pretended, that not God, but Baruch, the rivulets, some of his disciples informed him that son of Neriah, had prompted him to speak so, Jesus Christ had begun to baptize by his disciples, that he might deliver them up to the enraged and was lik to be followed by all the country; Chaldeans. As Jeremiah had told them of their he replied, that he had no honour but what was dissimulation, now it appeared. Johanan, and freely given him of God; that as Christ was the his fellow captains, carried all the people left in divine Bridegroom of the church, he was glad to the land, Jeremiah not excepted, into Egypt: have his own honour vailed and diminished, that where, in about fourteen years after, they had a of Jesus might increase and shine forth; and that miserable end by the Chaldean invasion, Jer, xl.as Jesus was a divine person, endowed with an unmeasurable fullness of the Holy Ghost, and ruJOHN BAPTIST, the celebrated forerunner of ler over all, they could not escape the vengeance our Saviour, and the Elias of the New Testa- of God if they believed not on him, John iii. 23. ment. He was the son of Zacharias the aged-36. He was for a while revered and heard by priest, and the long barren Elizabeth. His birth Herod the tetrarch of Galilee; but having reprovand work were predicted by the Angel Gabrieled that wicked man for marrying his brother's and his unbelieving father's dumbness while he wife, he was imprisoned in the castle of Machewas in the womb, was the miraculous token of its us. From hence he sent two of his disciples to fulfilment. Being conceived six months before ask Jesus if he was the true Messiah, or if they our Saviour, he leaped in his mother's womb at should look for another? Perhaps his imprisonthe salutation of the blessed Virgin, now with ment, which laid him aside from his work, had child of our Saviour. At his birth, his parents made his faith to stagger; or perhaps they were were exceeding glad; and his father soon after sent for their own confirmation in the faith. Jesus had his tongue loosed, and predicted his and our ade them go tell John what miracles they saw Saviour's appearance and work. From his infan-erformed, and what tidings of salvation they ey, he was endowed with the Holy Ghost in an heard preached to the poor, Matth. xi. Soon af extraordinary manner; through his whole life heter, to gratify the malice of Herodias, and reward was a Nazarite, drinking neither wine nor strong her daughter's fine dancing, his head was cut off, drink. After spending his earliest years in his and delivered as a present to the damsel. His father's house, he retired to the deserts, where he disciples, permitted by Herod, carried off his lived on locusts and wild honey, and was occup.-body, and buried it. He died about a year be led in meditation and prayer. His garment fore our Saviour. Jesus assures us, that John were of camel's hair, and he was girt about the was no unconstant believer or preacher; no reed waist with a leathern girdle, About A. D. 28,shaken with the wind; but one of the greatest he began to publish the approaching appearance men that had appered in the world; and yet that of the Messiah, and called the people to repent, there is none in heaven but is inore holy and per because the kingdom of God, or New Testament fect than he was; and no believer in the New-Tes dispensation of the gospel, was at hand; he as-tament church but hath clearer views of the me sured them, that their circumstances were very thod of salvation, and better tidings to tell than be; critical; and if they did not speedily repent, the even, that Jesus hath died for our offences, and is axe of God's judgments would certainly cut them raised again for our justification. As John's life off. Such as professed their repentance, and was very austere, the wicked Pharisees said he made confession of their sins, he baptized with had a devil, but were afraid openly to avow their water, charging them to believe on the Messiah, sentiments, Matth. xi. xiv. who was to be immediately revealed, and would endow them with the Holy Ghost, and grant them the forgiveness of their sin; he directed them how to behave in their various stations. Sundry clave

JOHN the EVANGELIST. See JAMES son of Zebedee.

JOIN; (1.) To knit or unite together, Job xli 17. (2.) To make an alliance or league, Dan

was the son of the Shunamite restored to life by Elisha, or the young prophet who anointed Jehu. It is certain that he predicted that God would re store to the Hebrews the cities which the Syrians had taken from them during the reigns of Ahab, Jehoram, Jehu, and Jehoabaz, 2 Kings, xiv. 25. God ordered this prophet to go to Nineveh, and warn the inhabitants of their approaching destrue

vi. G. (5.) To cater into intimacy with, Acts. Viii. 29. (4.) To be reckoned with, Job. iii. 6. JOINING is applied, (1.) To things: so house is joined to house, when one is added to another under the same master, Isa. v. 8. (2.) To persons, when they are united in marriage, Eph. v. 31. in affinity, 2 Chron. xviii. 1.; in assistance, Exod. 1. 10.; or in church-fellowship, Acts ix. 26.; or in battle, army fighting close with army, 1 Sam. tion. Fearing that the merciful Lord might for iv. 2. (3.) To minds, when people are united in judgment and affection, 1 Cor. i. 10. To be joined to the Lord, is to be spiritually espoused to his Son, and solemnly devoted to his service, 1 Cor. vi. 17. Jer. 1. 5. To be joined to idols, is to be firmly intent on worshipping them, Hos. iv. 17. To be joined to an harlot, is to have the affections set upon her, and to commit whoredom with her, 1 Cor. vi. 16.

bear punishing them if they repented, and so seemingly tarnish his honour, Jonah shipped off himself at Joppa for Tarshish, whether in Cilicia, Africa or Spain, is uncertain; that, being out of the promised land, the spirit of prophecy might forbear to excite him. A storm quickly pursued the ship wherein he was. The heathen mariners awaked him, and required him to call on his God for deliverance. Lots being east to discern for JOINTS, are, (1.) The uniting of the bones in whose sake the storm rose, the lot fell on Jonah. an animal body, Dan. v. 6. (2.) The uniting With shame he confessed his guilt to the mariners. parts of an harness, 2 Chron. xviii. 33. The He desired them to cast him into the sea, that the joints and bands which unite Christ's mystical storm might be stayed. With reluctance they boly, are his spirit, ordinances, and influences, at last were obliged to do it, whereon the storm and their mutual relations to him and to one immediately ceased. A large fish swallowed up another, and their graces of faith and love fixed Jonah, and retained him safe in her belly for three on him, and in him loving one another, Col. ii. 19. days. There he earnestly prayed to the Lord, at Eph. iv. 16. The joints of the church's thighs whose command the fish vomited him alive on the may be her public standards of doctrine, worship, dry land; but whether on the cast end of the Sydiscipline, and government; and her young con- rian sea, near Scanderoon, we know not, though verts; which add greatly to her comely deport- that is most probable. His orders to warn the ment. In particular saints, the joints of the Ninevites of their approaching destruction were thighs may denote their inward gospel-principles immediately renewed. All obedient, he hasted of action, Song vii. 1. The joints and sparrow of to that vast city. He had not travelled in it men's heart, are their secret dispositions, which above a day's journey, denouncing their ruin, the convincing word of God, with no small pain to when the king, whom we cannot suppose Pul, them, shows and affects them with, Heb. iv. 12. but one about 50 or 60 years earlier, and all his JOKTAN, the eldest son of Heber. Not Jok-people, applied themselves to solemn fasting shan, the second son of Keturah, as Calmet will and prayer. Hereupon God forbore to execute have it; but this Joktan was the Cahtan, or his vengeance upon them,which had been but con father of the ancient ARABS, part of whom are ditionally threatened. Displeased with the divine called Catanita by Ptolemy. About a mile west mercy, Jonah angrily wished to die, rather than from Mecca, there was, if there is not still, alive and see his prediction unfulfilled. While he place called Baisath-yektan, or the dwelling of sat without the city, waiting for his desired view joktan. Joktan had 13 sons, Almodad, the father of Nineveh's ruin, God caused a gourd quickly of the Almoda or Allumeta; Sheleph, the father spring up to overshadow him from the scorching of the Thalapeni or Alapeni; Hazarmaveth, heat of the sun: but next day, a worm having from whom sprung the Atramite, Chatramotite, bitten its root, it suddenly withered. The scorchor Chatramonite; Jerah, or as the Arabs calling sun and blasting wind vehemently beating on him, Yarab and Yorham, the father of the Yera-Jonah, he fainted, and angrily wished to die, cheans or Yorhamites; Hadoram, the father of and averred to God himself that he was right the Adramita or Drimate; Uzal, the father of in so doing. The Lord bid him think, if he the Auzalites, or Auzarites, in the kingdom of the had pity on the short-lived gourd, was there not Gebanites; Diklah ; Obal, the father of the Aval- far more reason for his and their Maker to pity ites, Abulites, or Adulites; Abimael, the father the penitent inhabitants of Nineveh, where were of the Malites; Sheba, the father of a tribe of the above 120,000 infants, and much cattle: Jon. Sabeans; Ophir, who perhaps gave name to Co-iv. Did not the fate of this prophet typify our pher, a village on the Arabian gulph, or to Urphe, Saviour's being cast into the raging sea of divine an island in the Red sea, and might be the father wrath; his lying a part of three days in the of the Cassanites er Ghassanites; Havilah, whose grave; his glorious resurrection from the dead; posterity inhabited Chaulan, on the border of the and the effectual publication of the gospel to mul Sabeans; and Jobab, of whom came the Jobar-itudes of sinners, for their everlasting salvation, ites, or Jobabites. The Arabs descended from that followed?

Joktan, dwelt from Mesha, which is perhaps the JONATHAN; 1. The son of Gershon, and same as Muza or Mecca, on the east of the Red perhaps grandson of Moses. After he had offici sea, to Sephar, a mount of the south-east of Ara-ated for some time as idol-priest to Micah, at bia Felix, Gen. x. 25.-30. 1 Chron. i. 19.-23. the yearly rate of his victuals, a suit of clothes, and JONADAB or JEHONADAB. See KENITES. not quite 23 shillings sterling; he, pretending to JONAH, the son of Amittai, a prophet of Gath-consult his idol, assured the Danites that their unhepher in Galilee. Some Jews would have him dertaking at Laish should prosper; and afterto be the widow of Sarepta's son, raised to life by wards went along with 600 Danites, and he and Elijah; but the distance of time renders it almost his posterity were priests to that idol at Dan till impossible. Nor is it a whit more certain that be the captivity of the land, Judg. xvij. xviii.

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