present none of the finely calculated details, which surprise and delight us in the Venus de Medici. The mammæ are not true.

After these, the androgynous being, called the VENUS OF ARLES, is scarcely worthy of being mentioned. She derives some grandeur from antique character and symmetry, and some from her masculine features. The head is monstrous; the neck horrid; the nose, heavy; the mouth contemptuous.

Upon the whole, neither the graceful matron of Naples, nor the manlike woman of the Louvre, can be brought into competition with the Venus de Medici.

In contrast with beauty unaltered by the natural events of life, Plate XVIII. exhibits the effects of gestation, parturition, and lactation.†

* I know not if it is of this statue that Winckelmann speaks in the following passage: "Venere celeste, quella cioè che di Giove e dell' Armonía è figlia, diversa dall' altra che da Dione nacque, distinguesi per un diadema simile a quello, ch'è proprio a Giunone. Porta pure questo diadema Venere Vittrice, di cui una statua, che posa un piede su un elmo, fu disotterrata nel teatro dell' antica città di Capua, e sta ora nel real palazzo di Caserta; essa è bellessima, se non che le mancano le braccia."-Storia delle Arti.

+ This lithograph is very inferior to the drawing; the lithographer having introduced a shadow between the shoulder and back, and others on the abdomen, which give it the look. posteriorly of an inflated colon.

CHAPTER XX.

DEFECTS OF BEAUTY.

DEFECTS OF THE LOCOMOTIVE SYSTEM.

1. If the whole figure be either too broad or too tall; because, the first is inelegant, and the last unfeminine. See Plate XIX.*- Persons who are too tall are generally ill at ease and destitute of grace, a greater misfortune to a woman than to a man. Too low a stature is a defect less disagreeable, especially for women. If, however, on the one side, it gives prettiness, on the other, it deprives of all imposing appearance.

2. If the bones, except those of the pelvis, be not proportionally small; because, in woman, this portion of the locomotive system ought to be completely subordinate to the vital.

3. If the ligaments, and the articulations they form, be not proportionally small; because, in woman, this portion of the locomotive system ought also to be completely subordinate to the vital.

*The sole of the foot being insufficiently seen in the lithograph, the intention of foreshortening is injured.