Aristocracy, in politics and in
philosophy, 82
ABDERA, birthplace of Democritus, | Aristippus, 124
74; of Protagoras, 86
Absolute knowledge, unattainable
by man, 19; absorption in, 133;
no separate existence, 182
Abstract ideas not derivable from
experience, 45; abstract truth
impossible, 87; of no value, 132;
revival of, 133
Academus, grove of, 135
Achilles and tortoise, 44; death of,
139
Acroatic, kind of lectures, 175
Actuality, see Realisation.
Agrigentum, birthplace of Empe-
docles, 59
Air, beginning of things, 14
Alcestis, referred to, 139
Alcibiades, dialogue, 137
Alexander, relations with Aristotle,
174; influence of conquests of, 242
Anarchy, in politics and in philo-
sophy, 83; reaction against, by
Socrates, 102
Anaxagoras, 52; relation of Em-
pedocles to, 62; quoted by Aris-
totle, 200
Anaximander, 7
Anaximenes, 14
Anthropomorphism, criticised, 32
Antigonus, friend of Zeno, 229
Antisthenes, 128
Apology, dialogue, 136
Appetite, the only reality, 96
Archilochus, criticised by Hera-
clitus, 16
Aristotle, on Thales, 4; on Xeno-
phanes, 32; on Zeno, 42; on
Melissus, 47; on Anaxagoras,
54; on Empedocles, 59, 63, 70;
a complete Socratic, 103; on
Socrates, 106; on Sophists, 115;
debt to Plato, 159; on Plato,
163; chapters on, 172 sqq.; his
fresh contributions to Academic
philosophy, 173; two classes of
lectures, 175; library, ib.; pre-
dominance of, 176; style, 177;
differences from Plato, 178
Art, a greater revealer than science,
66; relation of Love to, 137; a
mode of creation, 139
Asceticism, of Cynics, 128; of
Plato, 168; of Epicurus, 225
Atarneus, residence of Aristotle, 174
Athens, visited by Parmenides and
Zeno, 34, 42, 157; residence of
Anaxagoras, 52; centre of soph-
istry, 85; birthplace of Socrates,
103; visited by Aristippus, 124;
birthplace of Antisthenes, 129;
and of Plato, 134; dialogue in
praise of, 137; residence of Aris-
totle, 173; of Epicurus, 211
Atlantis, kingdom of, 153
Atomists, 52; revived theory of,
215
Atoms, constituents of nature, 76,
216; deviation of, 216
BEAUTY, one aspect of ideal, 110;
relation to creative instinct, 139;
science of universal beauty, 141
Becoming, the fundamental prin-
ciple, 16; passage from Being to,
36, 39
Beginning (apxn), of Thales, 3;
Aristotle's definition, 4; diffi-
culties of material theories of,
361
Being, eternal being like a sphere,
32; passage from, to Becoming,
36, 39; a co-equal element with
Nonentity, 75; analysis of, 159;
and the Other, 165
Body, realisation of soul, 27; a
prison, 28; unthinkable except
with reference to space, 75;
source of illusion, 164
CANONICS, form of logic, 215
Cause, three causes, 110; equals
essence, 167; first causes subject
of philosophy, 179; relation of,
to potentiality, 185
Cave, of this life, 148, 166
Chaldaea, visited by Pythagoras,
22; by Democritus, 74
Change, how account for, 10, 35,
39, 75
Chaos, of the Atomists, 53; of Em-
pedocles, 69; king in philosophy,
83; life not a chaos, 105
Charmides, dialogue, 136
Christ, brings sword, 99; king-
dom of, 149
Chrysippus, successor of Cleanthes,
229
Cicero, mistranslates Pythagoras,
28; criticises Epicurus, 212, 221;
exponent of New Academy,
Citium, birthplace of Zeno, 228
Clazomenae, birthplace of Anaxa-
goras, 52
Cleanthes, successor of Zeno, 229;
hymn of, 236
Codrus, Plato descended from, 134;
sacrifice of, 139
Colophon, birthplace of Xeno-
phanes, 31
Commonplaces, function of, in
sophistry, 84
Community of wives, 148; ideal
community, 149 (and see State)
Contradiction, philosophy of, 65
Cosmogony, of Democritus, 77; of
Plato, 150; of Aristotle, 200;
of Epicurus, 219; of the Stoics,
231
Cosmopolitanism, of Cyrenaics and
Cynics, 128; of later systems,
Courage, treated of in Laches, 136
Cratylus, dialogue, 137
Creation, a great expiation, 73; in
the soul, 139; working out of
God's image, 151; union of
Essence and Matter, 167
Criterion, feeling the only, 127
Critias, dialogue, 153
Crito, dialogue, 136
Crux, in philosophy, 190
Cynic, origin of name, 130; in-
fluence of school on Plato, 154;
v. Epicurean, 226
Cyrene, seat of Cyrenaic school,
124; visited by Plato, 134; in-
fluence of school on Plato, 154
DEATH, birth of the soul, 19
Deduction, v. Induction, 48; func-
tion of, in Aristotle, 184
Definitions, search for, by Socrates,
106; of no value, 132; rules for,
laid down by Plato, 156
Democritus, 74; relation of Epi-
curus to, 216
crates, 116; dialogue, 137
Euthyphro, dialogue, 136
Even, v. Odd, 24
Difference (see Essence), all differ- | Euthydemus, conversation with So-
ence quantitative, 76; condi-
tioned by dissimilarity in atoms,
77
Dilemma, Melissus' use of, 46
Diogenes, pupil of Antisthenes, 130
Dionysius, elder and younger, con-
nection of Plato with, 135
Diotima, conversation of, with
Socrates, 137
Dry light, 19
Dualism, unthinkable, 32;
nature, 38; of Plato and Aris-
totle, 184
Dynamic, see Potentiality
EARTH, principle in nature, 38
Education, preparation for heaven,
148; ideal, 149; true function
of, 169; three stages, 170; an
entelechy, 191
Egypt, visited by Pythagoras, 22;
Democritus, 74; Plato, 135
Elea, seat of Eleatic school, 30;
birthplace of Parmenides, 33
Eleatics, relation of Empedocles
to, 62; of Democritus, 75; of
Plato, 154, 165
Elements, the four, 62; in creation,
151; in body and in soul, 156
Empedocles, 58
Ends of Life, indifference as to,
96; importance in later Greek
philosophy, 125; Plato's view
of, 168; Aristotle's, 193; Epi-
curean, 222
Entelechy, Life, 186, 190; God,
188; Thought, ib.; Education,
191; Morality, 193; State, 197;
physical world, 199; Soul, 203
Ephesus, birthplace of Heraclitus,
15
Epicurus, 211; praises of, by
Lucretius, 212; garden of, 213;
relation to Democritus, 216
Essence v. Difference, 48; equals
Cause, 167
Euclides, 132
Euripides, friend of Anaxagoras, 52
Evil, origin of, 33; necessary on
earth, 168; God cause of evil,
but hath none, 234
Evolution, Anaximander's concep-
tion of, 12; Xenophanes' theory
of, 33; relation of, to funda-
mental conception of Being, ib. ;
view of Empedocles, 70
Existence, an idea prior to Time
and Space, 37; not given by
Experience, 45; four forms of,
166; philosophy treats of exist-
ence as such, 181
Exoteric kind of lectures, 175
FEMALE, see Male
Fire, original of things, 17; one of
two principles, 38
Flux, of all things, 16; of life, 27,
73; sophistic theory of, 87
Form, v. Matter, 25, 48; Aristotle's
theory of, 203
Formulae, never adequate, 122
Freewill, problem of, 33; relation
to law, 113; and overruling pro-
vidence, 155
Friendship, treated of in Lysis,
136
GENUS, has less of existence than
species, 183
God, soul of the world, 27; the
Odd-Even, 26; the universe His
self-picturing, 26; God is one,
32; not a function of matter, 33;
atomic origin of idea of, 80; the
law or ideal in the universe, 112;
Man the friend of God, 142;
works out His image in creation,
151; God's thought and God's
working, 152; is Mind universal,
164; cause of union in crea-
tion, 166; His visible images
in Man and Nature, ib.; cause
both of good and of knowledge,
in the arts, 110; has three as-
pects, Justice, Beauty, Utility, ib.;
great ideal in the universe, 112;
can never wholly fit the real,
239
Idealism, v. Practicality, 4, 96;
Parmenides founder of, 39; v.
Realism, 51; v. Epicureanism,
216
Immortality, aspect of, to Greeks,
40; Parmenides pioneer for, 41;
Phaedo dialogue on, 136; Love
and immortality, 138; of soul,
150; relation of doctrine to
Platonic recollection, 154; faith
as to, 155; Man must put on,
168; Aristotle's view of, 207
Inconsistency, not forbidden in
philosophy, 64
Individual, v. Universal, 99; rela-
tion of, to community, 147, 196;
reality of, 184; importance of, in
later systems, 243.
Individualism, in philosophy, 83,
85; not wholly bad, 98; required
reconciling with universalism,
Induction (see Deduction); Socrates
inventor of, 106; Plato's con-
tributions to, 160; function of,
in Aristotle, 184
Infinite or indefinite, origin of
things, 8; function of, in mathe-
matics, 10; relation to definite,
24, 26, 165
Infinity, origin of idea of, 46
Intellect, division of soul, 28, 169,
Ion, dialogue, 136
Irony, of Socrates, 105
JOWETT, Prof., quoted, 39, 43,
89, 138, 142, 153, 158
Judgment, vision of, 150
Justice, a cheating device, 95; one
form of ideal or universal, II0;
related to law and to utility, 120;
the fairest wisdom, 139; dialogue
on, 146; only interest of stronger,
147; writ large in state, 147;
perfection of whole man, and of
state, 169; a civic quality re-
straining, 198; Epicurean theory
of, 225
KANT, his Critic referred to, 158;
maxim of, 236
Knowledge, v. Opinion, 33, 35, 51;
impossible, 93; really exists, 164;
first causes pertain to, 179; must
have real object, 183; potential
and actual, 203
'Know thyself,' 113; dialogue on,
137
LACHES, dialogue, 136
Lyceum, school of Aristotle, 174
Lycurgus, praised, 140
Lysis, dialogue, 136
MAGNET, soul of, 6
Male and Female, Pythagorean
view of, 24; principles in Nature,
38; equality of, 148; correlative,.
167; basis of State, 197
Man, measure of truth, 87; work-
ing with Eternal Mind, 155;
Does Man partake in God's
ideas? 158; differentia of, pos-
session of reason, 191; function
of, 193; a political animal, 197;
wisest of animals, why? 200
Lampsacus, place of death of An- Materialism, ancient and modern,
axagoras, 57
Laughing philosopher, 74
Law, in universe, 112; relation
to Freewill, 113; relation to
Justice, 120; fulfilled through
Love, 122; Laws, dialogue, 160;
potential and actual, 192
Leontini, birthplace of Gorgias, 92
Leucippus, 74
Life, death of the soul, 19; a
prison, 28; a sentinel-post, ib.;
a union of contradictories, 66; a
dwelling in cave, 148; organic
idea of, 185; an entelechy, 190;
different kinds of, 194; Aristotle's
definition, 203
Listeners, in Pythagorean system,23
Logic, Parmenides founder of, 39";
Zeno inventor of, 42; contribu-
tions of Plato and Aristotle to,
159; governing idea of Aris-
totle's, 184; of Epicurus, 215;
Stoic divisions of, 230
Love, motive force in Nature, 38;
one of two principles, 38, 63;
fulfilling of the law, 122; dia-
logues on, 137, 144; pure and
impure, 145
Lucretius, praises Empedocles, 59;
Epicurus, 212; proofs by, of
Epicurus' theory, 217; exponent
of Roman Epicureanism, 242
57; of Epicureans, 220; of Stoics,
233
Mathematicians, in system of
Pythagoras, 23
Mathematics, based on indefin-
ables, 10; function of, in Pytha-
gorean philosophy, 25; and in
Platonic, 170
Matter (see Mind), v. Thought, 48;
another name for the formless,
151, 167; correlative of Mind,
167; what it symbolises, 184;
relation to Form, 203
Mechanical theory, of universe, 56,
78; of virtue, 195
Megara, birthplace of Euclides,
132; influence of school on Plato,
154
Melissus, 46
Menexenus, dialogue, 137
Meno, dialogue, 136; relation to
Aristotle's doctrine, 191
Midwifery of Socrates, 104
Might, without Right is weak, 147;
is Right in tyrant, 149
Miletus, birthplace of Thales, I;
of Anaximander, 7; of Anaxi-
Mind, v. Matter, 51, 167; func-
tion of, in the universe, 54;
God's mind working on matter,
151; ruler of universe, 155;
|