Aristocracy, in politics and in philosophy, 82
ABDERA, birthplace of Democritus, | Aristippus, 124 74; of Protagoras, 86 Absolute knowledge, unattainable by man, 19; absorption in, 133; no separate existence, 182 Abstract ideas not derivable from experience, 45; abstract truth impossible, 87; of no value, 132; revival of, 133 Academus, grove of, 135
Achilles and tortoise, 44; death of, 139
Acroatic, kind of lectures, 175 Actuality, see Realisation. Agrigentum, birthplace of Empe- docles, 59
Air, beginning of things, 14 Alcestis, referred to, 139 Alcibiades, dialogue, 137 Alexander, relations with Aristotle, 174; influence of conquests of, 242 Anarchy, in politics and in philo- sophy, 83; reaction against, by Socrates, 102
Anaxagoras, 52; relation of Em- pedocles to, 62; quoted by Aris- totle, 200 Anaximander, 7 Anaximenes, 14
Anthropomorphism, criticised, 32 Antigonus, friend of Zeno, 229 Antisthenes, 128
Apology, dialogue, 136 Appetite, the only reality, 96 Archilochus, criticised by Hera- clitus, 16
Aristotle, on Thales, 4; on Xeno- phanes, 32; on Zeno, 42; on Melissus, 47; on Anaxagoras, 54; on Empedocles, 59, 63, 70; a complete Socratic, 103; on Socrates, 106; on Sophists, 115; debt to Plato, 159; on Plato, 163; chapters on, 172 sqq.; his fresh contributions to Academic philosophy, 173; two classes of lectures, 175; library, ib.; pre- dominance of, 176; style, 177; differences from Plato, 178 Art, a greater revealer than science, 66; relation of Love to, 137; a mode of creation, 139 Asceticism, of Cynics, 128; of Plato, 168; of Epicurus, 225 Atarneus, residence of Aristotle, 174 Athens, visited by Parmenides and Zeno, 34, 42, 157; residence of Anaxagoras, 52; centre of soph- istry, 85; birthplace of Socrates, 103; visited by Aristippus, 124; birthplace of Antisthenes, 129; and of Plato, 134; dialogue in praise of, 137; residence of Aris- totle, 173; of Epicurus, 211 Atlantis, kingdom of, 153 Atomists, 52; revived theory of, 215
Atoms, constituents of nature, 76, 216; deviation of, 216
BEAUTY, one aspect of ideal, 110; relation to creative instinct, 139; science of universal beauty, 141 Becoming, the fundamental prin- ciple, 16; passage from Being to, 36, 39 Beginning (apxn), of Thales, 3; Aristotle's definition, 4; diffi- culties of material theories of, 361 Being, eternal being like a sphere, 32; passage from, to Becoming, 36, 39; a co-equal element with Nonentity, 75; analysis of, 159; and the Other, 165
Body, realisation of soul, 27; a prison, 28; unthinkable except with reference to space, 75; source of illusion, 164
CANONICS, form of logic, 215 Cause, three causes, 110; equals essence, 167; first causes subject of philosophy, 179; relation of, to potentiality, 185 Cave, of this life, 148, 166 Chaldaea, visited by Pythagoras, 22; by Democritus, 74 Change, how account for, 10, 35, 39, 75
Chaos, of the Atomists, 53; of Em- pedocles, 69; king in philosophy, 83; life not a chaos, 105 Charmides, dialogue, 136 Christ, brings sword, 99; king- dom of, 149
Chrysippus, successor of Cleanthes, 229
Cicero, mistranslates Pythagoras, 28; criticises Epicurus, 212, 221; exponent of New Academy,
Citium, birthplace of Zeno, 228 Clazomenae, birthplace of Anaxa- goras, 52
Cleanthes, successor of Zeno, 229; hymn of, 236 Codrus, Plato descended from, 134; sacrifice of, 139
Colophon, birthplace of Xeno- phanes, 31
Commonplaces, function of, in sophistry, 84
Community of wives, 148; ideal
community, 149 (and see State) Contradiction, philosophy of, 65 Cosmogony, of Democritus, 77; of Plato, 150; of Aristotle, 200; of Epicurus, 219; of the Stoics, 231 Cosmopolitanism, of Cyrenaics and Cynics, 128; of later systems,
Courage, treated of in Laches, 136 Cratylus, dialogue, 137 Creation, a great expiation, 73; in the soul, 139; working out of God's image, 151; union of Essence and Matter, 167 Criterion, feeling the only, 127 Critias, dialogue, 153 Crito, dialogue, 136 Crux, in philosophy, 190 Cynic, origin of name, 130; in- fluence of school on Plato, 154; v. Epicurean, 226 Cyrene, seat of Cyrenaic school, 124; visited by Plato, 134; in- fluence of school on Plato, 154
DEATH, birth of the soul, 19 Deduction, v. Induction, 48; func- tion of, in Aristotle, 184 Definitions, search for, by Socrates, 106; of no value, 132; rules for, laid down by Plato, 156 Democritus, 74; relation of Epi- curus to, 216
crates, 116; dialogue, 137 Euthyphro, dialogue, 136 Even, v. Odd, 24
Difference (see Essence), all differ- | Euthydemus, conversation with So- ence quantitative, 76; condi- tioned by dissimilarity in atoms, 77 Dilemma, Melissus' use of, 46 Diogenes, pupil of Antisthenes, 130 Dionysius, elder and younger, con- nection of Plato with, 135 Diotima, conversation of, with Socrates, 137 Dry light, 19
Dualism, unthinkable, 32;
nature, 38; of Plato and Aris- totle, 184
Dynamic, see Potentiality
EARTH, principle in nature, 38 Education, preparation for heaven, 148; ideal, 149; true function of, 169; three stages, 170; an entelechy, 191 Egypt, visited by Pythagoras, 22; Democritus, 74; Plato, 135 Elea, seat of Eleatic school, 30; birthplace of Parmenides, 33 Eleatics, relation of Empedocles to, 62; of Democritus, 75; of Plato, 154, 165
Elements, the four, 62; in creation, 151; in body and in soul, 156 Empedocles, 58
Ends of Life, indifference as to, 96; importance in later Greek philosophy, 125; Plato's view of, 168; Aristotle's, 193; Epi- curean, 222
Entelechy, Life, 186, 190; God,
188; Thought, ib.; Education, 191; Morality, 193; State, 197; physical world, 199; Soul, 203 Ephesus, birthplace of Heraclitus, 15
Epicurus, 211; praises of, by
Lucretius, 212; garden of, 213; relation to Democritus, 216 Essence v. Difference, 48; equals Cause, 167 Euclides, 132
Euripides, friend of Anaxagoras, 52
Evil, origin of, 33; necessary on earth, 168; God cause of evil, but hath none, 234 Evolution, Anaximander's concep- tion of, 12; Xenophanes' theory of, 33; relation of, to funda- mental conception of Being, ib. ; view of Empedocles, 70 Existence, an idea prior to Time and Space, 37; not given by Experience, 45; four forms of, 166; philosophy treats of exist- ence as such, 181
Exoteric kind of lectures, 175
FEMALE, see Male
Fire, original of things, 17; one of two principles, 38
Flux, of all things, 16; of life, 27,
73; sophistic theory of, 87 Form, v. Matter, 25, 48; Aristotle's theory of, 203
Formulae, never adequate, 122 Freewill, problem of, 33; relation to law, 113; and overruling pro- vidence, 155
Friendship, treated of in Lysis, 136
GENUS, has less of existence than species, 183
God, soul of the world, 27; the Odd-Even, 26; the universe His self-picturing, 26; God is one, 32; not a function of matter, 33; atomic origin of idea of, 80; the law or ideal in the universe, 112; Man the friend of God, 142; works out His image in creation, 151; God's thought and God's working, 152; is Mind universal, 164; cause of union in crea- tion, 166; His visible images in Man and Nature, ib.; cause both of good and of knowledge,
in the arts, 110; has three as- pects, Justice, Beauty, Utility, ib.; great ideal in the universe, 112; can never wholly fit the real, 239 Idealism, v. Practicality, 4, 96; Parmenides founder of, 39; v. Realism, 51; v. Epicureanism, 216 Immortality, aspect of, to Greeks, 40; Parmenides pioneer for, 41; Phaedo dialogue on, 136; Love and immortality, 138; of soul, 150; relation of doctrine to Platonic recollection, 154; faith as to, 155; Man must put on, 168; Aristotle's view of, 207 Inconsistency, not forbidden in philosophy, 64
Individual, v. Universal, 99; rela- tion of, to community, 147, 196; reality of, 184; importance of, in later systems, 243. Individualism, in philosophy, 83, 85; not wholly bad, 98; required reconciling with universalism,
Induction (see Deduction); Socrates inventor of, 106; Plato's con- tributions to, 160; function of, in Aristotle, 184
Infinite or indefinite, origin of things, 8; function of, in mathe- matics, 10; relation to definite, 24, 26, 165
Infinity, origin of idea of, 46 Intellect, division of soul, 28, 169, Ion, dialogue, 136 Irony, of Socrates, 105
JOWETT, Prof., quoted, 39, 43, 89, 138, 142, 153, 158 Judgment, vision of, 150 Justice, a cheating device, 95; one form of ideal or universal, II0; related to law and to utility, 120; the fairest wisdom, 139; dialogue on, 146; only interest of stronger, 147; writ large in state, 147;
perfection of whole man, and of state, 169; a civic quality re- straining, 198; Epicurean theory of, 225
KANT, his Critic referred to, 158; maxim of, 236 Knowledge, v. Opinion, 33, 35, 51; impossible, 93; really exists, 164; first causes pertain to, 179; must have real object, 183; potential and actual, 203
'Know thyself,' 113; dialogue on, 137
LACHES, dialogue, 136
Lyceum, school of Aristotle, 174 Lycurgus, praised, 140 Lysis, dialogue, 136
MAGNET, soul of, 6 Male and Female, Pythagorean view of, 24; principles in Nature, 38; equality of, 148; correlative,. 167; basis of State, 197 Man, measure of truth, 87; work- ing with Eternal Mind, 155; Does Man partake in God's ideas? 158; differentia of, pos- session of reason, 191; function of, 193; a political animal, 197; wisest of animals, why? 200
Lampsacus, place of death of An- Materialism, ancient and modern,
axagoras, 57 Laughing philosopher, 74 Law, in universe, 112; relation to Freewill, 113; relation to Justice, 120; fulfilled through Love, 122; Laws, dialogue, 160; potential and actual, 192 Leontini, birthplace of Gorgias, 92 Leucippus, 74
Life, death of the soul, 19; a prison, 28; a sentinel-post, ib.; a union of contradictories, 66; a dwelling in cave, 148; organic idea of, 185; an entelechy, 190; different kinds of, 194; Aristotle's definition, 203
Listeners, in Pythagorean system,23 Logic, Parmenides founder of, 39"; Zeno inventor of, 42; contribu- tions of Plato and Aristotle to, 159; governing idea of Aris- totle's, 184; of Epicurus, 215; Stoic divisions of, 230 Love, motive force in Nature, 38; one of two principles, 38, 63; fulfilling of the law, 122; dia- logues on, 137, 144; pure and impure, 145 Lucretius, praises Empedocles, 59; Epicurus, 212; proofs by, of Epicurus' theory, 217; exponent of Roman Epicureanism, 242
57; of Epicureans, 220; of Stoics, 233
Mathematicians, in system of Pythagoras, 23
Mathematics, based on indefin- ables, 10; function of, in Pytha- gorean philosophy, 25; and in Platonic, 170
Matter (see Mind), v. Thought, 48; another name for the formless, 151, 167; correlative of Mind, 167; what it symbolises, 184; relation to Form, 203 Mechanical theory, of universe, 56, 78; of virtue, 195 Megara, birthplace of Euclides, 132; influence of school on Plato, 154 Melissus, 46
Menexenus, dialogue, 137 Meno, dialogue, 136; relation to Aristotle's doctrine, 191 Midwifery of Socrates, 104 Might, without Right is weak, 147; is Right in tyrant, 149 Miletus, birthplace of Thales, I; of Anaximander, 7; of Anaxi-
Mind, v. Matter, 51, 167; func- tion of, in the universe, 54; God's mind working on matter, 151; ruler of universe, 155;
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