It yields me a most flattering retrospect to repass in my memory, the various friendly offices I received from many distinguished perfons, during my tour through different parts of Spain, and also the affiftance of fome of my friends in England, in the execution of this design. I hope my learned friend, Dr. Withering, will please to accept my fincereft acknowledgements for his very liberal affiftance and obliging revifion of this work. I am further particularly in debted for many communications to a Gentleman, whofe long refidence in Spain, gave him the best opportunities of information, equal to his kind difpofition to promote literary researches there, and to whose friendly affiftance the first historian of the age has expreffed fuch particular obligations. The reader need not be furprized that I have not engaged in politics, naval or military operations: they were foreign to my subject which leads not to speak of fleets or armies, or the efforts of contending princes, no more than of national characters. The refearches of nature alone, and the admiration of pro vidence in their discovery, afford an ample field field for the philofophic traveller! If I have fometimes expatiated on the qualities or excellence of Spanish productions,* I hope, nevertheless, it will not be thought, that I mean to leffen or feel lefs warmth for the innumerable advantages of of my own country, w herein, if we have not the rich fruits of the fouthern climes, we enjoy fo many other effential benefits, fuperadded to the greatest abundance of every neceffary, every convenience of life, as cannot fail, from our infular fituation, to render us a most happy people. Thus even fuppofing for a moment we grant to other nations every advantage of a luxuriant climate, or that the Spaniard lives in ten degrees of more indulgent fkies; "Tis Liberty that crowns Britannia's ifle, And makes her barren rocks, and her bleak mountains fmile. BIRMINGHAM, April 15, 1780. ADDISON. * Even the great Linnæus, fpeaking of the natural advantages of the climate of Portugal has faid, Bone Deus! Si Lufitani nofcent fua bona naturæ, quam infelices effent, plerique alii, qui non poffident terras Exoticas. See Linnæus in epiftola die. 12, Februarii, 1765. TABLE II. Itinerary from Bayonne to Pamplona, and from thence PAGE VI. Inconveniencies arifing from the Merino fbeep and the VII. Miscellaneous obfervations made at Madrid, with fome account of the royal cabinet of natural history. VIII. Defcription of the palace and gardens of Aranjuez. IX. The baths and mineral waters of Trillo. XI. Departure from Madrid for the city of Burgos. XII. Remarkable objects on the road from Burges to the provinces of Alaba and Guypuscoa, as far as Irum, XV. Natural history of the Spanish plant gayuba, or pe rennial leaved ftrawberry-tree. -- 154 XVI. Defcription of the lordship of Biscay and its products. 163 XVII. Reflections on the genius and character of the Bif cayners. 172 182 XVIII. Defcription of the town of Bilbao and manners of tro in Biscay. 197 207 XXI. Obfervations on the copper mines of La Platilla in the renees of Aragon. XXIV. Obfervations on an alum mine near the town of XXV. Remarkable depository of fossil bones, near the village of Concud in Aragon. 223 234 238 ON Guillermo Bowles infpects the quickfilver mine of Almaden, by order of government.—His new method of extracting the quicksilver from the ore of that mine. II. Itinerary of Don Guillermo Bowles continued from Al maden to the city of Merida in Eftremadura. III. Natural hiftory of the locusts that ravaged the province of Eftremadura, in the years 1754, 1755, 1756, and 1757. PAGE 247 266 274 IV. Of the barren and wretched diftrict of Batuecas in V. The convent of Jufte in the Vera of Plasencia, famous VII. Defcription of the famous filver mine at Guadalcanal in Eftremadura. 288 295 301 307 VIII. Remarkable objects in the courfe of another tour from Guadalcanal to the city of Seville. 320 IX. Extraordinary qualities of the river Tinto and copper mine of that name, in its neighbourhood. X. A tour into the kingdom of Jaen, the lead mine of Linares, unfortunate fate of Macias the poet. 330 336 XI. Journey from Merida to Malaga. 344 XII. The country defcribed between Malaga and Cape de 354 XIII. Excurfion from the city of Granada to Cordova and 362 XIV. Obfervations made in a progress from Cadiz to Carthagena. 369 XV. The face of the country defcribed between Cartha gena and Alicant 381 XVI. Road from Alicant to the city of Valencia. 390 XVII. Obfervations made in the city of Valencia and its environs. 398 XVIII. Journey from Barcelona to the mountain of Montferrat. 406 XIX, Singular mountain of foffil falt near Cardona in Catalonia. 415 XX. Ob |