ries into the fate of my petition, I received through their fecretary, Vr. Crofton, an anfwer, that they would not grant any relief. Of this explanation I had fome prefentiment, when I recollected that the patriot Foster formed a part of that honorable board, a man whofe financical economy is fo rigid, that he would not fuf fer the public weal to fuftain fo heavy a lofs as my fixty pounds.

Though Mr. Fofter's temper may be diftinguished by a certain complexion of honefty that would not allow any man but himself to be in debt, yet from the houfe of Richmond, of whofe generofity and cha racter fuch indelible proofs have been given, by the donation of 404, I had fome flattering affurance that I fhould

not be difmiffed with my humble petition from the foot of the vice regal throne, either with reprehenfion or contempt.

My Lord, time will deliver me from this prifon, and confequently I owe nothing to your generofity, but fnch an impreflion of indignation will remain on my mind towards the unfriendly order of Dukes, that I will, as foon as an adjustment takes place between your country and America, return to that happy region, to enjoy the triumph I am inclined to feel qver elegant mifery, in the daily opportunity I can have, at the condition of one Duke now in Philadelphia, who has been converted into a tinker.

WE copy the following proclamation of a party of thefe ruffians, from the Evening Poft of Decem ber 23. Our readers must feel confiderably for the ungentleman-like treatment complained of.

REWARD.

WHEREAS the body of Francis Bryans, a member of Orange Lodge, No. 179, Shircock, which was interred in the church yard of Enis keen, in the vicinity of Kinfcourt in the county of Cavan, on Tuefday. the 21st November inftant, was, on the night of faid day, raised out of its grave, the ends of the coffin knocked out, the corps mangled and abufed, and thrown out of the church yard, over the wall, into a river, by fome cowardly and favage-hearted perfon or perfons, at prefent unknown. We feel with horror and deteltation fuch depraved and more

than favage conduct, for which no reafon can be affigned but faid Bryans being an Orangeman; and being buried with the compliments usual on fuch an occafion, as he was a young man of extreme good character; and as it mult appear to every perfon, that the monsters who could be guil ty of fuch a bafe act, would be guilty of greater enormities, if they thought they could do them with equal fecrecy and impunity- in order to bring them to condign punishment. we hereby offer the fums annexed to our refpective names, to any perfon or perfons, who will, within fix calender months from the date hereof, profecute to conviction any of the perfons concerned in it; in which we doubt not but the country will all equally join.

Bailieborough, Dec 5, 1809.
WILLIAM ARGEA,

Matter of Lodge 179,
for felf and brothers

20.0 0. Samuel

the grand register of the works of

nature.

But the methods now followed in the diftribution of thefe being, are of Hill more effential fervice to the fcience than all the additions made to their lift. It is only within our period that fure methods have been difcovered of arranging them all, in an order fo graduated and fubordinate, that the expreflion of their diftinctive characters fhould alfo be that of their real relations; and that the method should contain nothing more, than the fcience itself reduced to its moft fimple terms. The work which has contributed the moft to the general adoption of this method of proceeding, is the Genera Plantarum of M. Jeffieu, which appeared in 1789, and which forms in the fciences of obfervation, an epoch, perhaps as important as the chemistry of Lavoifier, in the feiences of experiment.

The abfolute comparifon of vegetables, could alone ferve as a guide in their diftribution, because the functions of their organs are too imperfectly known thofe of animals, on the contrary, have had the advantage of being fupported by rational foundations, established in fome meafure, a priory, and it is comparative anatomy, that has furnished them with thefe foundations.

The general study of this fcience will be the last character, which we hali affign to the prefent period; for fame years past naturalists every where devote themfelves to it; it is already the fupport, and the regulator of zoology; general phyfiology is indebted to it for a great part of its discoveries, or at least, for the compliment of its proof; it throws light even on the history of the globe, by restoring a species which the revo. lutions experienced by our planet feemed to have destroyed. Will

your majesty pardon in the man who addreffes you, the temerity of having named himself after his master?

Here is, Sire, all that the time which you are pleased to refign, permits us rapidly to state, refpecting the dicoveries which open, in the theoretical part of the natural sciences, the age of Napoleon.

The view which we have drawn of it, and which we will have the honor of laying before you, is not exaggerated; we have been ourselves aftonished, while preparing it, at the abundance and fecundity of the works, which have presented themfelves to our memory, and to our pen; refpectable titles, which the learned men of our days have acquired to the gratitude of pofterity.

The fpirit which directs them is ftill more fatisfactory than the discov. eries themselves, from the affurance which it gives of future discoveries. All these hypothefes, all the more or lefs ingenious fuppofitions, which were fo much in vogue during the first two-thirds of the preceding century, are now rejected by all men of real knowledge, and only procure for their authors a tranfitory reputation. Experience alone, precife experiments, made with weight, meafure and comparison, of all the fubitances employed, and of all thofe obtained, now conftitute the only legitimate mode of reasoning and demonstration.

Thus, although the natural feiences are not yet reducible to calculation, they may ftill be fubmitted to a mathematical fpirit; and by the circumfpection with which they advance, they are no longer liable to have the fame ground to go over again; all their propofitions are established with certainty, and become fo many folid foundations for the remaining fuperftructure. Nei

ther

ther is it by a partiality, which might perhaps be excufed, that your Imperial Majefty will find the names of learned Frenchmen, in the first ranks of almost every branch of the natural Sciences; the voice of Europe affins them this rank, as well as we; and even in thofe parts, where it did not please chance, that our Countrymen fhould make the prin cipal difcoveries, the manner in which they have received and follow ed them in all their confequences, places them very near the first inven.

tors.

We may we ought to beclare it at this foleinn moment, whilst we are their organs with the anguft chief of the ftate, that during thefe twenty years, while unexampled prodigies of devotedness, of valor, and of genius, fpread through Jevery country of the universe, the names of the heroes of France; those who culti vate the fciences in this happy country, did not remain unworthy of having alfo a fhare in the glory of the

nation

The progress of the practical feiences is included with them in onr report; and it is accordingly by an abridged hiftory of medicine, of agriculture, of the arts and trades, that we terminate it. But we had not the means of rendering this hiftory fo complete, as that of the theoretic sciences

edicine and agriculture are not entirely confined to books; even the frit, though generally more learned than the other, differs with each practitioner: all its doctrines, all its proceffes would be nothing without the genius, and the talents, of the individuals.

Agriculture has on its fide this peculiar difficulty, that it is interwoven with the political fituation, with the fyftem of taxes, the cultoms, and the temporary ftate of commercial relations: thus the most certain pro JANUARY, 1810.

ceff s, are often yet very far from affording the public all the advantages which may be derived from them.

The prefent period has, however produced in each of these sciences, difcoveries the most important and the belt attefted

Were the vaccine innoculation the only difcovery which the medical art had to produce, it would be fufficient to reflect everlasting honour on our times, in the history of the sciences as well as to immortalize the name of Jenner, by affigning to him an eminent rank amongst the benef &tors of mankind.

The acid fumigations proposed by Morvean, by deftroying the germs of contagion, ftill more frequent than thofe which vaccination attacks, render fervices as ufeful perhaps, though lefs apparent, and juftify the honourable recompence which your Imperial Majefty has decreed to their au thor.

Your Majefty will find in our re port, an abítract of the other works of medical men, of the different maladies, of the new treatmen:s which have been introduced, of the new means which the (ciences have fornifhed to the arts; you will also fee in the chapter on agriculture, and in thofe on botany and zology, the new fpecies, or varieties of animals, or of useful plants, with the new proceffes put into practice, for the management of them.

The fear of encroaching on the moments which your Majesty is pleafed to grant us, prévents us from re ferring particularly here to the labours of our refpectable Vice prefident, M. Tenon, on hofpitals; the claffic works of M. Corvifart, on the organic difeafes of the heart; of M Ha le, on Hygiene; of M. Pinel on infanity, and the diftribution of maladies, of M-Portal, on phthy fis, rickets, and pathological

anatomy

A

anatomy; of M. Deffeffarts, on the difeafes of children; laltly to the new dicipline introduced into military furgery, by men impelled by a courage fimilar to that of the warriors whom they relieve. From the fame motive we omit. though with reluctance, entering into the details of the popular works and inftructions, collected by M M Parmentier, Fozard, Teffier, Teomin, and Bofe, who have made known to cultivators

fo many important agricultural difco.

'veries

The chapter on technology, or the knowledge of the arts and trades, the last of our labours, will prefent improvements the molt num rous and the most various: from the most fimple operations of rural and domeltic economy, to the molt complicated and delicate manufactures, there is no procefs which has not experienced the beneficient influence of the fciences.

The warming of apartments, the heating of kitchens, and of workfhops. the lighting of houfes, and of freets, are performed with confiderable faving; a new mode of bleaching, a variety of proceffes and com pofitiobs, have improved the art of painting cloths; dying in enamel, painting in oil, are indebred to chem itry, for new colours; hides and fkins of all forts are prepared in a third part of the time formerly required; the common earthenwares are infinitely more lafting, and more falubrious; the poorest dwellings are provided with white and folid glaffes, the most indifferent, foils can improve their wines the charcoal filtres every where ffure the falubrity of the waters; all kinds of falts are manufactured, as well in France as in foreign countries. even the mineral waters, fo neceffary in medicine, have been imitated artificially; laftly, the art of fteryotype printing, brings

to the pooreft cottage the compofitions of genius; and it is to the natural fciences, to the general tafte which they have infpired, to the light which they have shed even upon work-fhops, that the public is indebted for all these advantages.

If we had to addrefs an ordinary prince, we would have dwelt chiefly on thefe immediate advantages gov. ernments for the most part fancy that they have a right to encourage the fciences, only in their immediate application to the wants of fociety; and undoubtedly, the greatest part of the extenfive view which we have fetched, may appear to them, as to the vulgat, only as a feries of Specùlations, more curious than useful.

But your Majefly, nurfed as it were in the moft fublime sciences, is perfectly aware that all these practical operations, the fources of the conveniencies of life. are only very fimple applications of the general theories; and that no propofition is difcovered in the fciences, which may not be the feed or fource of a thoufand useful inventions.

We may inform your Majefty, that no phyfical truth is indifferent to the comforts of fociety, as no moral truth can be indifferent to the order by which fociey is regulated; the former are not even foreign to the ba-fis on which the fate of the people and the political relations of nations reft.

Feudal anarchy would perhaps ftill exift, if gunpowder had not changed the art of war. the two worlds would ftill be feperated without the magnet; and no one can force what would become of their prefent relations, if the want of colonial productions were to be fupplyed by indigenous plants.

There is moreover another light, of an infinitely fuperior nature, in which a prince, like your A ajefty,

and