and the macerated bark is found capable of being manufactured into cloth.

ÜLEX EUROPŒUs. Furze, Whins, or Gorse. In England fences are

frequently made of this plant by sowing the seeds.

Horses, sheep, and other cattle are very fond of it, but as the spines annoy them, and prevent their feeding on it, the husbandmen in many parts of Wales bruise the tender branches, or grind them in mills for that purpose, by which means they become an excellent fodder.

GENISTA TINCTORIA. Dyer's-weed. This plant is well known to dye yarn and cloth with a bright yellow colour.

A salt prepared from the ashes of it is by some recommended in the dropsy.

ONONIS ARVENSIS. Restharrow or Cammock. A plant, whose roots are so stubbornly fixed, as to prevent the progress of the harrow. As this plant abounds in the Holy-Land, Haselquist (in his voyage thither, p. 289) supposes, with great probability, that this is the thorn mentioned in the scripture, which the ground produced after the curse. (Gen. iii. 18.) The root and bark have a diuretic quality, and are recommended in the gravel.

TRIFOLIUM OFFICINALIS. Melilot. The plant has a very pecu

liar strong scent, and disagreeable bitter acrid taste, but such however as is not displeasing to cattle. The flowers are sweet-scented.

It has generally been esteemed emollient and digestive, and been used in fomentations and cataplasms, particularly in the plaster employed in dressing blisters, but is now laid aside, as its quality is found to be rather acrid and irritating, than emollient or resolvent.

It communicates a most loathsome flavour to wheat and other grain, so as to render it unfit for making bread.

REPENS. Dutch Clover. It is well known to be an excellent fodder for cattle, and the leaves are a good rustic hygrometer, as they are always relaxed and flaccid in dry weather, but erect in moist or rainy.

PRATENSE. Purple Clover. It affords a very plentiful fodder to horses and other cattle, but when they feed too greedily on the fresh herb, it blows them up in such a manner

with wind, that unless they are speedily relieved by tapping them in the belly, or some other similar operation, they soon perish. In Ireland the poor people, in a scarcity of corn, make a kind of bread of the dried flowers of this and the preceding plant reduced to powder. They call the plant Chambroch, and esteem the bread made of it to be very wholesome and nutritive.

TRIFOLIUM AGRARIUM. Hop Trefoil. It is an excellent fodder for cattle.

ORNITHOPUS PERPUSILLUS. Bird's-foot. The pods are slightly

hairy, curved, jointed with six or eight articulations, and terminated with a claw, so that altogether they not unaptly represent a bird's foot. Each joint contains a single seed. LOTUS CORNICULATUS. Bird's-foot Trefoil. It is an excellent fod

der for cattle, and would probably be well worth attention in agriculture.

The insect called by Linnæus Thrips glauca sometimes renders the flowers tumid and monstrous.

MEDICAGO LUPULINA. Melilot Trefoil. It has of late years been cultivated in some parts of England for fodder, but it is probable that the Lotus corniculatus, and Trifolium agrarium above-mentioned, would turn to a better account. ANTHYLLIS VULNERARIA. Kidney-vetch. The plant is supposed to have an astringent quality, and is scarcely ever eaten by cattle.

ASTRAGALUS GLYCYPHYLLOS. Wild Liquorice. The leaves have a sweetish taste, mixed with bitterness. An infusion of them has by some been recommended in suppressions, and for the gravel.

OROBUS TUBEROSUS.

Wood Pease. The Highlanders have a great esteem for the tubercles of the roots of this plant; they dry and chew them in general to give a better relish to their liquor; they also affirm them to be good against most disorders of the chest, and that by the use of them they are enabled to repel hunger and thirst for a long time. In Breadalbane and Ross-shire they sometimes bruise and steep them in water, and make an agreeable fermented liquor with them. They have a sweet taste, something like the roots of liquorice, and when boiled, we are told, are well flavoured and nutritive,

and in times of scarcity have served as a substitute for bread. VICIA CRACCA. Tufted Vetch. It is reckoned to be a good fodder

for cattle.

SATIVA. Common Vetch or Tare. It is known to be an excellent fodder for horses: in some parts of England the crop is ploughed in to answer the purposes of manure to the land : pigeons are very fond of the seeds, and in some parts of Sweden, &c. they enter into the composition of bread, either alone, or mixed with the flour of rye. In England a decoction of them in water is sometimes given by nurses to expel the small-pox and measles.

- SEPIUM. Bush Vetch. It is said to be a good fodder for cattle.

LATHYRUS PRATENSIS.

Tare-everlasting. It is an excellent fod

der, and some soils would probably reward the husbandman's cultivation.

The badger is said to feed upon it.

Class XII. Dodecandria.

TWELVE TO TWENTY STAMINA.

Order I. Monogynia.

LYTHRUM SAMCARIA. Loosestrife. It is of an astringent quality, but rarely used in medicine. Cattle are fond of it.

Order II. Digynia.

AGRIMONIA EUPATORIA. Agrimony. The leaves make a very pleasant tea, said to be serviceable in hemorrhages, and in obstructions of the liver and spleen. The country people also use them sometimes by way of cataplasm in contusions and fresh wounds.

RESEDA LUTEOLA.

Order III. Trigynia.

Wild Woad. This plant is cultivated and much used for dying woollen and silk of a yellow colour. The fresh herb, shredded and boiled, or dryed and reduced to a powder, are the ways of using it.

EUPHORBIA HELIOSCOPIA. Sun-spurge or Wart-spurge. This

together with the several species are full of a milky juice, which in most is of a hot caustic nature, capable of raising a blister, or burning away warts.

Order IV. Dodecagynia.

SEMPERVIVUM TECTORUM. Houseleek. It is recommended as a cooler by way of cataplasm to burns and hot ulcers; and the juice mixed with honey, and laid on with a pencil, has been found of service to cure the Thrush in children. Boerhaave found, that ten ounces of the juice, given internally, was beneficial in dysenteries.

Class XII. Polyandria.

TWENTY OR MORE STAMINA.

SECT. I. STAMINA INSERTED ON THE RECEPTACLE.

Order I. Monogynia.

PAPAVER RHÆAS. Red Poppy. A conserve, infusion, or syrup of the flowers is esteemed as a gentle Narcotic and Anodyne. CHELIDONIUM MAJUS. Celandine. The whole plant is full of a yellow, bitter, acrid juice, esteemed good in the jaundice and dropsy. It is used outwardly to take away warts, tetters, ringworms, &c. and diluted with rose-water, to take specks and films off the eyes.

TILIA EUROPEA. Linden or Lime-tree. The wood is light, smooth, and of a spungy texture, used for making lasts and tables for shoe-makers, &c.

Ropes and bandages are made of the bark, and mats and rustic garments of the inner rind in Carniola, and some other countries.

NYMPHEA LUTEA. Yellow Water-lily. Linnæus tells us that swine are fond of the leaves and roots of this plant; and that crickets and blattæ, or cock-roaches, may be driven out of houses by the smoke in burning of it.

ALBA.

White Water-lily. The root has an astringent, and bitter taste, like the roots of most aquatic plants that run deep into the mud. The Highlanders make a dye with it

of a dark chesnut colour.

RANUNCULUS FLAMMULA.

Lesser Spear-wort, It has an acrid and caustic quality, and is used in many parts of the highlands to raise blisters: for this purpose the leaves are well bruised in a mortar, and applied in one or more limpet shells to the part where the blisters are to be raised. This is the practice in the isle of Skye, and other places upon the coast.

- FICARIA. Pile-wort. The flower opens at nine o'clock in the morning, and closes at five in the evening. The young leaves in the spring are boiled by the common peo, ple in some parts of Sweden, and eaten as greens. The roots are sometimes washed bare by the rains, so that the tubercles appear above ground, and in this state have induced the ignorant, in superstitious times, to fancy that it has rained wheat, which these tubercles do a little resemble. The seeds of this plant commonly prove abortive, but this defect in nature is amply compensated by its remarkable readiness to increase by the granulated roots.

SCELERATUS. Celery-leaved Crowfoot. The whole plant has a most acrimonious quality; if bruised and id upon any part of the body, it will in a few hours raise a blis ter. Strolling beggars have been known sometimes purposely t make sores with it, in order the more readily to move compassion.

BULBOSUS. Butter cups. The whole plant is extremely acrid and corrosive, especially the fresh roots, which readily raise a blister, and as safely as Cantharides; and yet notwithstanding this corrosive quality, the roots when boiled become so mild as to be eatable.

ACRIS. Upright Meadow Crowfoot. The whole plant is hot and caustic, readily and safely raising a blister, without affecting the urinary passages, by bringing upon the patient a stranguary or the like.

The cattle leave this plant untouched, at least the stalks and flowers of it.

ARVENSIS. Corn Crowfoot. The juice of this kind is acrid like the preceding. An ounce of it given to a dog has killed him in three days, the stomach being inflamed, corroded, and blistered.

CALTHA PALUSTRIS.

Marsh Marygold. The plant has an acrid