Report to Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for the Home Department, from the Poor Law Commissioners on an Inquiry Into the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain: With AppendicesW. Clowes and sons, 1842 - 457 страници This report includes a careful analysis of causes of death in 1838 and 1839 and gives a clear description of insanitary conditions in England and Wales. Due to this and an earlier 1833 report, the foundations of later systems of government inspection were laid, a Public Health Act was passed in 1848, and a General Board of Health was established. Includes maps illustrating public health issues such as deaths, contagious or epidemic diseases, housing conditions, etc. |
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Страница xix
... drains or sewers , adequately well supplied with water to dilute , and sufficiently sloping to carry off all such refuse ; whether such drains are sufficiently closed to confine noxious exhalations from them ; whether there is any ...
... drains or sewers , adequately well supplied with water to dilute , and sufficiently sloping to carry off all such refuse ; whether such drains are sufficiently closed to confine noxious exhalations from them ; whether there is any ...
Страница xxiv
... drains . # 00 20 8 38 39 42 41 • 45 46 Small value of refuse in London , in consequence of the expense of cartage Effects on the health of the accumulation of refuse near the residences of the labouring classes : examples in Greenock 95 ...
... drains . # 00 20 8 38 39 42 41 • 45 46 Small value of refuse in London , in consequence of the expense of cartage Effects on the health of the accumulation of refuse near the residences of the labouring classes : examples in Greenock 95 ...
Страница xxviii
... drains and other works for the protection of the public health : - State of the obstructions to land drainage and works of private profit redounding to the public health . . • Injuries to private property as well as to the public health ...
... drains and other works for the protection of the public health : - State of the obstructions to land drainage and works of private profit redounding to the public health . . • Injuries to private property as well as to the public health ...
Страница 5
... drains in some cases ran immediately before the doors of the houses , and some of the houses were surrounded by wide open drains , full of all the animal and vegetable refuse not only of the houses in that part , but of those in other ...
... drains in some cases ran immediately before the doors of the houses , and some of the houses were surrounded by wide open drains , full of all the animal and vegetable refuse not only of the houses in that part , but of those in other ...
Страница 6
... drains bringing the oozings of pigsties and other filth to stagnate at the foot of a wall , between which and the entrances to a row of small dwellings there is only a very narrow passage ; such are a few of the sources of disease which ...
... drains bringing the oozings of pigsties and other filth to stagnate at the foot of a wall , between which and the entrances to a row of small dwellings there is only a very narrow passage ; such are a few of the sources of disease which ...
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amongst amount annum appears Asthma attention Bethnal Green building Camborne causes charge cholera circumstances cleanliness cleansing comfort Commissioners common common lodging-houses construction cost cottages crowded Deanston deaths defective deposit destitution disease drainage drains Dundee dwellings effects erected evidence evils expense families feet fever filth Finsbury divisions frequently Glasgow habits Holborn and Finsbury houses improvement increase inhabitants injurious inmates inquiry instances labouring classes labouring population land Leeds less Liverpool lodging-houses London malaria Manchester manufacturing manure means medical officer ment metropolis Miner mode mortality neighbourhood noxious nuisance observed obtained occasion occupied parish persons poor practice present prevalent prisoners privies proportion rates refuse removal rent respect road rural districts sanitary condition sanitary measures Scotland sewerage sewers sickness streets supplies of water surveyor tailors tenements tion town Tranent typhus typhus fever union ventilation wages whilst Whitechapel whole workmen workpeople
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Страница 343 - The security of lives and property may sometimes require so speedy a remedy as not to allow time to call on the person on whose property the mischief has arisen, to remedy it. In such cases an individual would be justified in abating a nuisance from omission without notice. In all other cases of such nuisances, persons should not take the law into their own hands, but follow the advice of Lord Hale, and appeal to a court of justice.
Страница 365 - That for the protection of the labouring classes and of the ratepayers against inefficiency and waste in all new structural arrangements for the protection of the public health, and to ensure public confidence that the expenditure will be beneficial, securities should be taken that all new local public works are devised and conducted by responsible officers qualified by the possession of the science and skill of civil engineers.
Страница 289 - And the reason why the law allows this private and summary method of doing one's self justice, is because injuries of this kind, which obstruct or annoy such things as are of daily convenience and use, require an immediate remedy, and cannot wait for the slow progress of the ordinary forms of justice.
Страница 70 - ... and when it is necessary to send for water to a distance, the house-cleansings and washings are diminished by the inconvenience; and every presumption is afforded that if it were at all times requisite for them to send to a distance for water, and in all weathers, their habits of household cleanliness would be deteriorated.
Страница 97 - ... population few, and afflicted with rheumatism and other maladies, arising from damp and an excess of water ; which, if removed, would relieve them from a cause of disease, the land from an impediment to production, and, if conveyed for the use of the town population, would give that population the element of which they stand in peculiar need as a means to relieve them from that which is their own cause of depression, and return it for use on the land as a means of the highest fertility. The...
Страница 125 - I may mention one: a man, his wife and child sleeping in one bed; in another bed, two grown-up females; and in the same room two young men, unmarried. I have met with instances of a man, his wife, and his wife's sister, sleeping in the same bed together. I have known at least half-adozen cases in Manchester in which that has been regularly practised, the unmarried sister being an adult...
Страница 95 - I have seen them take a bone from a dung-heap, and gnaw it while reeking hot with the fermentation of decay. Bones, from which the meat had been cut raw, and which had still thin strips of flesh adhering to them, they scraped carefully with their knives, and put the bits, no matter how befouled with dirt, into a wallet or pocket appropriated to the purpose. They have told me, that whether in broth or grilled, they were the most savoury dish that could be imagined. I have not observed that these creatures...
Страница 97 - ... train, destitution and the need of pecuniary as well as medical relief; all mainly arising from the presence of the richest materials of production, the complete absence of which would, in a great measure, restore health, avert the recurrence of disease, and, if properly applied, would promote abundance, cheapen food, and increase the demand for beneficial labour. Outside the afflicted districts, and at a short distance from them, as in the adjacent rural districts, we find the aspect of the...
Страница 133 - ... while without, there are streets, elevated a foot, sometimes two, above the level of the causeway, by the accumulation of years, and stagnant puddles here and there, with their foetid exhalations, causeways broken and dangerous, ash-places choked up with filth, and excrementitious deposits on all sides as a consequence, undrained, unpaved, unventilated, uncared-for by any authority but the landlord, who weekly collects his miserable rents from his miserable tenants. " Can we wonder that such...
Страница 198 - The intellects of the children of such inferior physical organization are torpid ; it is comparatively difficult to gain their attention or to sustain it ; it requires much labour to irradiate the countenance with intelligence, and the irradiation is apt to be transient. As a class they are comparatively irritable and bad- tempered.