zemindars and the State-The Nizam's and Lord Clive's jageer-Tunkas-The

sunnud-Seyurghal grants-Ayma grants-Malgoozary aymas-Enams and

mauniums-Chakeran grants-Pykes-Services-Ghatwals-Power to resume

grant-Alienations of revenue by zemindars-Allowances in the muzkoorat-

Dewusthan-Zemindars made very extensive alienations of revenue-Khewut

-Rights in land-Express law-Custom-The Hindoo system one of joint

property-Want of market for land and of marketable value-The soil itself

not claimed by any one-The sovereign's claim to the soil-The zemindar's

claim to the soil-The cultivator's claim to the soil

LECTURE VII.

THE ENGLISH REVENUE SYSTEM UP TO THE PERMANENT SETTLEMENT.

Early connexion of the English with Bengal-Acquisition of the Twenty-four

Pergunnahs-Acquisition of Calcutta-Acquisition of Burdwan, Midnapore,

and Chittagong-Accession to the Dewanny-Fiscal machinery-Instructions

to the supervisors-Khamar lands-The zemindars-Protection for the ryots-

The hustabood-Direct management of the revenue by the English-Revenue

farmed for five years-Abwabs and cesses prohibited-Revenue administered

from the Presidency-Review of revenue administration-Preparations for

a permanent revenue system-Enquiries set on foot-Annual settlements-

A permanent plan again contemplated--Settlement for 1188-Register of

revenue-free land-Rules for resumption-Settlements for 1191, 1192 and

1193-Centralisation-Instructions for Decennial Settlement-Settlement for

1194-Regulations for the conduct of the collectors-Regulations of 25th

April 1787-Legislation of 1790-Summary-Power of alienation restricted-

Proprietary rights-The fiscal machinery

LECTURE VIII.

THE DECENNIAL AND PERMANENT SETTLEMENTS.

Page

188

231

The Decennial Settlement preparatory to a Permanent Settlement-Views of Mr.

Grant and Mr. Shore-Discussion between Lord Cornwallis and Mr. Shore-

The talookdars-Proprietary rights-Result of the discussion-Zemindars

forbidden to collect the sayer-Recovery of rent and revenue-Lakhiraj

Regulations-Disqualified landholders—Decennial Settlement Regulations—

Mokurreree leases-Istemrardars-Settlement of the land of disqualified

proprietors-Settlement with mortgagees and others-Pensions to be paid

by Government-Nankar, khamar, and neej-jote-Settlement of rent-

Engagements with the under-renters-The landholders-Remedies for recovery

of rent-The Permanent Settlement-Introduction of a general code of law-

Proclamation of the Permanent Settlement-Assessment on lands farmed or

held khas when sold or divided-Further provisions-Object and effect of the

Permanent Settlement-Rights of the zemindars-The zemindars not made

absolute proprietors-The aurungs of Beerbhoom-Extension of cultivation. 272

CHANGES IN THE POSITION OF THE ZEMINDAR, INTERMEDIATE TENURE-HOLDER

AND RYOT.

The zemindars freed from Government interference-Changes in the zemindar's

position-The sayer collections taken away-Regulation IX of 1825, s. 9—

Resumption-Remission of revenue-Accounts-Contumacy-Preserving the

peace-Exactions and oppression-Cesses-Proportion taken by the State-

Disqualified proprietors-Julkur, bunkur, phulkur-General effect of the

Permanent Settlement upon the zemindar's position-Position of the zemin-

dar's tenants-Pottahs-Cabooleuts-Dependent talookdars-Separation of

independent talooks-Assessment of talooks excluded from the Permanent

Settlement-Enhancement-Enhancement by auction-purchasers-Puttee-

dars-Intermediate permanent tenures-Khoodkasht ryots-Mokurreree

tenures-Istemrari and mouroosee tenures-Statutory mokurreree tenures of

ryots-Mokurreree intermediate tenures-Mokurreree istemrari-Such tenures

proved by long possession-Right of occupancy-Acquisition of the right

Page.

323

LECTURE X.

RELATIVE RIGHTS OF ZEMINDARS AND HOLDERS OF UNDER-TENURES. RIGHTS

OF ZEMINDAR.

Right of occupancy-Acquisition of the right-Transferability of the right-

Effect of transfer of holding by occupancy ryot-Subinfeudation-Enumera-

tion of sub-tenures-Enhancement and abatement of rent-Right of measure-

ment-Division of zemindaries-Zemindar's right of alienation-Zemindar's

power to lease-Succession to zemindaries-Transfer of under-tenures-

Registration.

THE PUTNEE TALOOK.

LECTURE XI.

REMEDIES FOR RECOVERY OF REVENUE.

The putnee talook-Remedies for recovery of revenue-Imprisonment-Sale of

land-Dispossession-Attachment of land-Personal liability-Interest on

arrears-Sale of estate or tenure-Regulation XI of 1822-Act XII of 1841

and subsequent Acts-Definition of arrear-Payment or tender of arrear-

Deposit of arrear by person other than defaulting proprietor-Exemption

of certain estates from sale-Annulment of sale-Finality of sale-Registration

of shares of an estate-Resale on default by purchaser to pay purchase-

money-Registration of talookdary and other similar tenures-Sale of tenures

not being estates-Avoidance of incumbrances

358

395

LECTURE XII.

REMEDIES FOR THE RECOVERY OF RENT. LAKHIRAJ AND SERVICE TENURES.

Remedies for the recovery of rent-Imprisonment and corporal punishment pro-

hibited-Remedy by imprisonment restored-Remedies against khoodkashts-

Distraint-Remedies when distraint ineffectual-Distraint under Acts X of

1859 and VIII of 1869 (B.C.)-Ejectment-Personal liability of defaulter-

Sale-Avoidance of incumbrances-Stoppage of sale by under-tenant-Sale

under Act X of 1859 and subsequent Acts-Stoppage of sale-Sale at instance

of sharer in joint estate-Avoidance of incumbrances-Unregistered tenants-

Assignments of revenue and resumption thereof-Revenue-free grants made

before 12th August 1765-Revenue-free grants made since 12th August 1765

and before 1st December 1790-Revenue-free grants made since 1st December

1790-Badshahee grants-Resumption-Provisions where lakhiraj and pro-

prietary rights are distinct-Requisites of lakhiraj grants anterior to British

rule-Further provisions-Cases upon resumption-Lands held upon service

tenures-Ghatwallee tenures-Mokuddumee tenures

Page.

434

APPENDIX.

I.-A Zemindary Sunnud

II. Two Royal Firmans for a Khankah, a sort of Mahomedan Monastery

III.-An Altamgha Sunnud

Baikantha Nath Singh v. Maharaja Dhiraj Mahatab Chand, Bahadoor

Bakranath Mandal ». Binodram Sen

Bamasoondery Dassyah v. Radhicka Chowdhrain

Bama Shunkar v. Jamasjee Shaporjee

Beni Madhub Banerjee v. Jaikrishna Mookerjee

Bharut Roy v. Gunga Narain Mohapattur

Bheekoo Singh v. The Government

Bhoor Pasban v. Khemchand Mahtoon.

Bhubo Tarinee Dossia v. Prosunno Moyee Dossia

Bhugoo Rae v. Azim Alee Khan

Bibee Kuneez Fatima v. Bibee Saheba Jan

Bibee Sohodwa v. Smith

Binode Ram Sein v. Court of Wards

Bipin behari Chowdhry v. Ram Chunder Roy

Bissen Lal Dass v. Ranee Khyrunissa Begum .

Brajanath Kundu Chowdhry v. Lakhi Narayan Addi .

Brindabun Chunder Chowdhry v. Brindabun Chunder Sircar Chowdhry
Butabee Begum v. Khooshal

Byjnath Mojoomdar v. Deen Dyal Gooptu

361, 362, 365

Chittro Narain Singh Tekait v. Commissioner of the Sonthal Pergunnahs
Chucken Sahoo v. Roopchand Panday

Chunder Coomar Banerjee v. Azeemoodeen

Chunder Coomar Roy v. Kadermonee Dossee
Chunder Coomar Roy v. Pearee Lal Banerjee

Chunder Nath Roy v. Bheem Sirdar
Collector of Bareilly v. Martindell

Collector of Bundlecund v. Churun Dass Byragee
Collector of Madura v. Veeracamoo Ummal
Collector of Tipperah v. Goluck Churn Shaha.

202, 471 449