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then hee consyderynge the youthe of his chyldren, albeit hee nothynge lesse mistrusted then that that happened, yet well forseynge that manye harmes myghte growe by theyr debate, whyle the youth of hys children shoulde lacke discrecion of themself, and good counsayle of their frendes, of whiche either party shold counsayle for their owne commodity and rather by pleasaunte aduyse too wynne themselfe fauour, then by profitable aduertisemente to do the children good, he called some of them before him that were at variaunce, and in especyall the lorde marques Dorsette the quenes sonne by her fyrste housebande, and Richarde the lorde Hastynges, a noble man, than lorde chaumberlayne agayne whome the quene specially grudged, for the great fauoure the kyng bare hym, and also for that shee thoughte hym secretelye familyer with the kynge in wanton coumpanye. Her kynred also bare hym sore, as well for that the kynge hadde made hym captayne of Calyce (whiche office the lorde Ryuers, brother to the quene, claimed of the kinges former promyse) as for diuerse other great giftes whiche hee receyued, that they loked for. When these lordes with diuerse other of bothe the parties were comme in presence, the kynge liftinge vppe himselfe and vndersette with pillowes, as it is reported on this wyse sayd vnto them, My lordes, my dere kinsmenne and alies, in what plighte I lye you see, and I feele. By whiche the lesse whyle I looke to lyue with you, the more depelye am I moued to care in what case I leaue you, for such as I leaue you, suche bee my children lyke to fynde you. Whiche if they shoulde (that Godde forbydde) fynde you at varyaunce, myght happe to fall themselfe at warre ere their discrecion woulde serue to sette you at peace. Ye see their youthe, of whiche I recken the onely suretie to reste in youre concord. For it suffiseth not al you loue them, yf eche of you hate other. If they wer menne, your faithfulnesse happelye woulde suffise. But childehood must be maintained by mens authoritye, and slipper youth vnderpropped with elder counsayle, which neither they can haue, but ye geue it nor ye geue it, yf ye gree not. For wher eche laboureth to breake that the other maketh, and for hatred of eche of others parson, impugneth eche others counsayle, there must it nedes bee long ere anye good conclusion goe forwarde.

And also while either partye laboureth to be chiefe, flattery shall haue more place then plaine and faithfull aduyse, of whyche muste needes ensue the euyll bringing vppe of the prynce, whose mynd in tender youth infect, shal redily fal to mischief and riot, and drawe down with this noble relme to ruine: but if grace turn him to wisdom, which if God send, then thei that by euill menes before pleased him best, shal after fall farthest out of fauour, so that euer at length euill driftes dreue to nought, and good plain wayes prosper. Great variaunce hath ther long bene betwene you, not alway for great causes. Sometime a thing right wel intended, our misconstruccion turneth vnto worse or a smal displeasure done vs, eyther our owne affeccion or euil tongues agreueth. But this wote I well ye neuer had so great cause of hatred, as ye have of loue. That we be al men, that we be christen men, this shall I leaue for prechers to tel you (and yet I wote nere whither any prechers wordes ought more to moue you, then his that is by and by gooying to the place that thei all preache of.) But this shal I desire you to remember, that the one parte of you is of my bloode, the other of myne alies, and eche of yow with other, eyther of kindred or affinitie, whiche spirytuall kynred of affynyty, if the sacramentes of Christes churche, beare that weyghte with vs that woulde Godde thei did, shoulde no lesse moue vs to charitye, then the respecte of fleshlye consanguinitye. Oure Lorde forbydde, that you loue together the worse, for the selfe cause that you ought to love the better. And yet that happeneth. And no where fynde wee so deadlye debate, as amonge them, whyche by nature and lawe moste oughte to agree together. Suche a pestilente serpente is ambicion and desyre of vaine glorye and soueraintye, whiche amonge states where he once entreth crepeth foorth so farre, tyll with deuision and variaunce hee turneth all to mischiefe. Firste longing to be nexte the best, afterwarde egall with the, beste, and at laste chiefe and aboue the beste. Of which immoderate appetite of woorship, and thereby of debate and dissencion what losse, what sorowe, what trouble hathe within these fewe yeares growen in this realme, I praye Godde as wel forgeate as wee wel remember.

Whiche thinges yf I coulde as wel

haue foresene, as I haue with my more payne then pleasure proued, by Goddes blessed Ladie (that was euer his othe) I woulde neuer haue won the courtesye of mennes knees, with the losse of soo many heades. But sithen thynges passed cannot be gaine called, muche oughte wee the more beware, by what occasion we haue taken soo greate hurte afore, that we eftesoones fall not in that occasion agayne. Nowe be those griefes passed, and all is (Godde be thanked) quiete, and likelie righte wel to prosper in wealthfull peace vnder youre coseyns my children, if Godde sende them life and you loue. Of whiche twoo thinges, the lesse losse wer they by whome thoughe Godde dydde hys pleasure, yet shoulde the realme alway finde kinges and peraduenture as good kinges. But yf you among youre selfe in a childes reygne fall at debate, many a good man shall perish and happely he to, and ye to, ere thys land finde peace again. Wherfore in these laste wordes that euer I looke to speake with you: I exhort you and require you al, for the loue that you haue euer borne to me, for the loue that I haue euer borne to you, for the loue that our Lord beareth to vs all, from this time forwarde, all grieues forgotten, eche of you loue other. Whiche I verelye truste you will, if ye any thing earthly regard, either Godde or your king, affinitie or kinred, this realme, your owne countrey, or your owne surety. And therewithal the king no longer enduring to sitte vp, laide him down on his right side, his face towarde them: and none was there present that coulde refrain from weping. But the lordes recomforting him with as good wordes as they could, and answering for the time as thei thought to stand with his pleasure, there in his presence (as by their wordes appered) eche forgaue cther, and ioyned their hands together, when (as it after appeared by their dedes) their hearts wer far a sonder. As sone as the king was departed, the noble prince his sonne drew toward London, which at the time of his decease, kept his houshold at Ludlow in Wales. Which countrey being far of from the law and recourse to justice, was begon to be farre oute of good wyll and waxen wild, robbers and riuers walking at libertie vncorrected. And for this encheason the prince was in the life of his father sente thither, to the ende that the authoritie of his presence should refraine

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euill disposed parsons fro the boldnes of their formar outerages, to the gouernaunce and ordering of this yong prince at his sending thyther, was there appointed Sir Anthony Woduile lord Riuers and brother vnto the quene, a right honourable man, as valiaunte of hande as politike in counsale. Adioyned wer there vnto him other of the same partie, and in effect euery one as he was nerest of kin vnto the quene, so was planted next about the prince. That drifte by the quene not vnwisely deuised, whereby her bloode mighte of youth be rooted in the princes fauour, the duke of Gloucester turned vnto their destruccion, and vpon that grounde set the foundacion of all his vnhappy building. For whom soeuer he perceiued, either at variance with them, or bearing himself their fauor, hee brake vnto them, som by mouth, som by writing or secret messengers, that it neyther was reason nor in any wise to be suffered, that the yong king their master and kinsmanne, shoold bee in the handes and custodye of his mothers kinred, sequestred in maner from theyr compani and attendance, of which eueri one ought him as faithful seruice as they, and manye of them far more honorable part of kin then his mothers side: whose blood, (quod he) sauing the kinges pleasure, was ful vnmetely to be matched with his whiche nowe to be as who say remoued from the kyng, and the lesse noble to be left aboute him, is (quod he) neither honorable to hys magestie, nor vnto vs, and also to his grace no surety to haue the mightiest of his frendes from him, and vnto vs no little ieopardy, to suffer our welproued euil willers, to grow in ouergret authoritie with the prince in youth, namely which is lighte of beliefe and sone perswaded. Ye remember I trow king Edward himself, albeit he was a manne of age and of discrecion, yet was he in manye thynges ruled by the bende, more then stode either with his honour, or our profite, or with the commoditie of any manne els, except onely the immoderate aduauncement of them selfe. Whiche whither they sorer thirsted after their owne weale, or our woe, it wer harde I wene to gesse. And if some folkes frendship had not holden better place with the king, then any respect of kinred, thei might peraduenture easily haue be trapped and brought to confusion somme of vs ere this. Why not as easily as they haue done some other alreadye, as neere

of his royal bloode as we. But our Lord
hath wrought his wil, and thanke be to
bis grace that peril is paste. Howe be it
as great is growing, yf wee suffer this
yonge kyng in oure enemyes hande,
whiche without his wyttyng, might
abuse the name of his commaundement,
to ani of our vndoing, which thyng God
and good prouision forbyd. Of which good
prouision none of vs hath any thing the
lesse nede, for the late made attonemente,
in whiche the kinges pleasure hadde more
place then the parties willes. Nor none
of vs I beleue is so vnwyse, ouersone to
truste a newe frende made of an olde foe,
or to think that an houerly kindnes, so-
dainely contract in one houre continued,
yet scant a fortnight, shold be deper set-
led in their stomackes: then a long ac-
customed malice many yeres rooted.

With these wordes and writynges and
suche other, the duke of Gloucester sone
set a fyre, them that were of themself
ethe to kindle, and in especiall twayne,
Edwarde duke of Buckingham, and Ri-
charde lorde Hastinges and chaumber-
layn, both men of honour and of great
power. The tone by longe succession
from his ancestrie, the tother by his of-
fice and the kinges fauor. These two not
bearing eche to other so muche loue, as
hatred bothe vnto the quenes parte; in
this poynte accorded together wyth the
duke of Gloucester, that they wolde vt-
terlye amoue fro the kinges companye,
all his mothers frendes, vnder the name
of their enemyes. Vpon this concluded,
the duke of Gloucester vnderstandyng,
that the lordes whiche at that tyme were
aboute the kyng, entended to bryng him
yppe to his coronacion, accoumpanied with
suche power of theyr frendes, that it
shoulde bee harde for hym to brynge his
purpose to passe, without the gathering and
great assemble of people and in maner of
open warre, whereof the ende he wiste was
doubtous, and in which the kyng being
on their side, his part should haue the
face and name of a rebellion: he secretly
therefore by diuers meanes, caused the
quene to be perswaded and brought in
the mynd, that it neither wer nede, and
also shold be ieopardous, the king to
come vp strong. For where as nowe euery
lorde loued other, and none other thing
studyed vppon, but aboute the corona-
cion and honoure of the king: if the
lordes of her kinred shold assemble in
the kinges name muche people, the
should geue the lordes atwixte whome

VOL. I.

and them hadde bene sommetyme de-
bate, to feare and suspecte, leste they
shoulde gather thys people, not for the
kynges sauegarde whome no manne em-
pugned, but for theyr destruccion, hauy-.
ing more regarde to their old variaunce,
than their newe attonement. For whiche
cause thei shoulde assemble on the other
partie muche people agayne for their de-
fence, whose power she wyste wel farre
stretched. And thus should al the realme
fall on a rore.

And of al the hurte that
therof should ensue, which was likely
not to be litle, and the most harme there
like to fal wher she lest would, al the
worlde woulde put her and her kinred
in the wyght, and say that thei had vn-
wyselye and vntrewlye also, broken the
amitie and peace that the kyng her hus-
band so prudentelye made, betwene hys
kinne and hers in his death bed, and
whiche the other party faithfully ob-
serued.

The quene being in this wise perswad-
ed, suche woorde sent vnto her sonne,
and unto her brother being aboute the
kynge, and ouer that the duke of Glou-
cester hymselfe and other lordes the
chiefe of hys bende, wrote vnto the
kynge soo reuerentlye, and to the
queenes frendes there soo louyngelye, that
they nothynge earthelye mystrustynge,
broughte the kynge vppe in greate haste,
not in good spede, with a sober coum-
panye. Nowe was the king in his waye
to London gone, from Northampton,
when these dukes of Gloucester and
Buckyngham came thither. Where re-
mained behynd, the lorde Ryuers the
kynges vncle, entendyng on the morowe
to folow the kynge, and bee with him
at Stonye Statford
miles thence,

earely or hee departed. So was there
made that nyghte muche frendely chere
betwene these dukes and the lorde Ri
uers a great while. But incontinente
after that they were oppenlye with greate
courtesye departed, and the lorde Riuers
lodged, the dukes secretelye with a fewe
of their moste priuye frendes, sette thein
downe in counsayle, wherin they spent
a great parte of the nyght. And at their
risinge in the dawnyng of the day, thei
sent about priuily to their seruantes in
the innes and lodgynges about, geuinge
them commaundemente to make them
selfe shortely readye, for their lordes wer
to horsebackward. Vppon whiche mes
sages, manye of their folke were attend-
aunt, when manye of the lorde Riuers

h

reruantes were vnreadye. Nowe hadde these dukes taken also into their custodye the kayes of the inne, that none shoulde passe foorth without theyr li

cence

And ouer this in the hyghe waye toward Stonye Stratforde where the kynge laye, they hadde beestowed certayne of theyr folke, that shoulde sende backe agayne, and compell to retourne, anye manne that were gotten oute of Northampton toward Stonye Stratforde, tyll they should geue other lycence. For as muche as the dukes themselfe entended for the shewe of theire dylygence, to bee the fyrste that shoulde that daye attende vppon the kynges highnesse oute of that towne thus bare they folke in hande. But when the lord Ryuers vnderstode the gates closed, and the wayes on euerye side besette, neyther hys seruauntes nor hymself suffered to go oute, parceiuyng well so greate a thyng without his knowledge not begun for noughte, comparyng this maner present with this last nightes chere, in so few houres so gret a chaunge marueylouslye misliked. How be it sithe hee coulde not geat awaye, and keepe himselfe close, hee woulde not, leste he shoulde seeme to hyde himselfe for some secret feare of hys owne faulte, whereof he saw no such cause in hym self: he determined vppon the suretie of his own conscience, to goe boldelye to them, and inquire what thys matter myghte mcane. Whome as soone as they sawe, they beganne to quarrell with hym, and saye, that hee intended to sette distaunce beetweene the kynge and them, and to brynge them to confusion, but it shoulde not lye in hys power. And when hee beganne (as hee was a very well spoken manne) in goodly wise to excuse himself, they taryed not the ende of his aunswere, but shortely tooke him and putte him in warde, and that done, foorthwyth wente to horsebacke, and tooke the waye to Stonye Stratforde. Where they founde the kynge with his companie readye to leape on horsebacke, and departe forwarde, to leaue that lodging for them, because it was to streighte for bothe coumpanies. And as sone as they came in his presence, they lighte adowne with all their companie aboute them. To whome the duke of Buckingham saide, goe afore gentlemenne and yeomen, kepe youre rowmes. And thus in goodly arraye, thei came to the kinge,

and on theire knees in very humble wise, salued his grace; whiche receyued them in very ioyous and amiable maner, nothinge earthlye knowing nor mistrustinge as yet. But euen by and by in his presence, they piked a quarrell to the lorde Richarde Graye, the kynges other brother by his mother, sayinge that hee with the lorde marques his brother and the lorde Riuers his vncle, hadde coumpassed to rule the kinge and the realme, and to sette variaunce among the states, and to subdewe and destroye the noble blood of the realm. Toward the accoumplishinge whereof, they sayde that the lorde Marques hadde entered into the Tower of London, and thence taken out the kinges treasor, and sent menne to the sea. All whiche thinge these dukes wiste well were done for good purposes and necessari by the whole counsaile at London, sauing that sommewhat thei must sai. Vnto whiche woordes, the king aunswered, what my brother Marques hath done I cannot saie. But in good faith I dare well aunswere for myne vncle Riuers and my brother here, that thei be innocent of any such matters. Ye my liege quod the duke of Buckingham thei haue kepte theire dealing in these matters farre fro the knowledge of your good grace. And foorthwith thei arrested the lord Richarde and Sir Thomas Waughan knighte, in the kinges presence, and broughte the king and all backe vnto Northampton, where they tooke againe further counsaile. there they sent awaie from the kinge whom it pleased them, and sette newe seruantes aboute him, suche as lyked better them than him. At whiche dealinge hee wepte and was nothing contente, but it booted not. And at dyner the duke of Gloucester sente a dishe from his owne table to the lord Riuers, prayinge him to be of good chere, all should be well inough. And he thanked the duke, and prayed the messenger to beare it to his nephewe the lorde Richard with the same message for his comfort, who he thought had more nede of coumfort, as one to whom such aduersitie was straunge. But himself had been al his dayes in yre therewith; and therfore coulde beare it the better. But for al this coumfortable courtesye of the duke of Gloucester he sent the lorde Riuers and the lorde Richarde with Sir Thomas

And

Vaughan into the Northe country into

diuers places to prison, and afterward al to Pomfrait, where they were in conclusion beheaded.

A letter written with a cole by Sir THOMAS MORE to hys doughter maistres MARGARET ROPER, within a whyle after he was prisoner in the Towre.

MYNE own good doughter, our Lorde be thanked I am in good helthe of bodye, and in good quiet of minde: and of all worldly thynges I no more desyer then I haue. I beseche hym make you all mery in the hope of heauen. And such thynges as I somewhat longed to talke with you all, concerning the worlde to come, our Lorde put theim into your myndes, as I truste he dothe and better to by hys holy spirite: who blesse you and preserue you all. Written wyth a cole by your tender louing father, who in hys pore prayers forgetteth none of you all nor your babes, nor your nurses, nor your good husbandes, nor your good husbandes shrewde wyues, nor your fathers shrewde wyfe neither, nor other frendes. And thus fare ye hartely

well for lacke of paper.

our

THOMAS MORE, knight.

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At the same time with Sir Thomas More lived Skelton, the poet laureate of Henry VIII. from whose works it seems proper to insert a few stanzas, though he cannot be said to have attained great elegance of language.

The Prologue to the Bouge of Courte.

IN Autumpne when the sonne in vyrgyne
By radyante hete enryped hath our corne,
When Luna full of mutabylyte
As Emperes the dyademe hath worne
Of our pole artyke, smylynge half in a scorne
At our foly and our vnstedfastnesse
The time whan Mars to warre hym dyd dres,
I callynge to mynde the greate auctoryte
Of poetes olde, whiche full craftely
Vnder as couerte termes as coulde be
Can touche a trouth, and cloke subtylly
Dyuerse in style some spared not vyce to
With fresshe vtteraunce full sentencyously

wryte

Some of mortalitie nobly did endyte

Whereby I rede, theyr renome and theyr
fame

May neuer dye, but euermore endure
I was sore moued to a forse the same
But ignoraunce full soone dyd me dyscure
And shewed that in this arte I was not sure
For to illumine she sayd I was to duile
Aduysynge me my penne awaye to pulle

And not to wryte, for he so wyll atteyne
Excedyng ferther than his connyuge is
Yet haue I knowen suche er this
His heed maye be harde, but feble is brayne
But of reproche surely he maye not mys
That clymmeth hyer than he may fotinge

haue

What and he slyde downe, who shall him

saue ?

Thus vp and downe my mynde, was drawen and cast

That I ne wyste what to do was beste
So sore enwered that I was at the laste
Enforsed to slepe, and for to take some reste
And to lye downe as soone as 1 my dreste
At Harwyche porte slumbrynge as I laye
In myne hostes house called powers keye.

Of the wits that flourished in the reign of Henry VIII. none has been more frequently celebrated than the earl ofurry; and this history would 'therefore have been imperfect without some specimens, of his works, which yet it is not easy to distinguish from those of Sir Thomas Wyat and others, with which they are confounded in the edition that has fallen into my hands. The three first are, I believe, Surry's; the rest, being of the same age, are selected, some as examples

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