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imprisoned in the bowels of the earth, was the occasion of very great and frequent calamities. Woodward.

BARRICA'DO. n. s. [barricada, Span.] A fortification; a bar; any thing fixed to hinder entrance.

The access was by a neck of land, between the sea on one part, and the harbour water, or inner sea, on the other; fortified clean over with a strong rampier and barricado. Bacon. To BARRICA'DO. v. a. [from the noun.] To fortify; to bar; to stop up. Fast we found, fast shut

The dismal gates, and barricado'd strong! Milt.
He had not time to barricado the doors; so
that the enemy entered.
Clarendon.

The truth of causes we find so obliterated, that it seems almost barricadoed from any intellectual approach. Harvey. 'BA'RRIER. N. s. [barriere, Fr. It is sometimes pronounced with the accent on the last syllable, but it is placed more properly on the first.]

1. A barricade; an entrenchment.

Safe in the love of heav'n, an ocean flows Around our realm, a barrier from the foes. Pope. 2. A fortification, or strong place, as on the frontiers of a country.

The queen is guarantee of the Dutch, having possession of the barrier, and the revenues thereof, before a peace.

3. A stop; an obstruction.

Swift.

If you value yourself as a man of learning, you are building a most impassable barrier against improvement. Watts.

4. A bar to mark the limits of any place.

For justs and tourneys, and barriers, the glories of them are chiefly in the chariots, wherein the challengers make their entries. Bacon. Pris'ners to the pillar bound, At either barrier plac'd; nor captives made, Be freed, or arm'd anew.

5. A boundary; a limit.

Dryden.

But wave whate'er to Cadmus may belong, And fix, O muse, the barrier of thy song At Oedipus. Pope's Statius. How instinct varies in the groveling swine, Compar'd, half reas'ning elephant! with thine: Twixt that and reason what a nice barrier! For ever sep'rate, yet for ever near. Pope. BA'RRISTER. 7. s. [from bar.] A person qualified to plead causes, called an advocate or licentiate in other countries and courts. Outer barristers are pleaders without the bar, to distinguish them from inner barristers; such are the benchers, or those who have been readers, the counsel of the king, queen, and princes, who are admitted to plead within the bar. A counsellor at law.

Blount. Chambers. BA'RROW. n. s. [benepe, Sax. supposed by Skinner to come from bear.] Any kind of carriage moved by the hand; as, a hand-barrow, a frame of boards, with handles at each end, carried between two men; a wheel-barros, that which one man pushes forward by raising it upon one wheel.

Have I lived to be carried in a basket, like a barrow of butcher's offal, and thrown into the Thames? Shakspeare.

No barrow's wheel

Shall mark thy stocking with a miry trace. Gay.

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I see nothing left us, but to truck and barter our goods, like the wild Indians, with each other. Swift, 2. Sometimes it is used with the particle arway before the thing given.

If they will barter away their time, methinks they should at least have some ease in exchange. Decay of Piety. He also barter'd away plums, that would have rotted in a week, for nuts that would last good for his eating a whole year. Leche. BARTEN. n. s. [from the verb.] The act or practice of trafficking by exchange of commodities; sometimes the thing given in exchange.

From England they may be furnished with such things as they may want, and, in exchange or barter, send other things with which they may abound. Bacon

He who corrupteth English with foreign words, is as wise as ladies that change plate for china; for which the laudable traffick of old clothes is much the fairest barter.

Felton.

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Came, like itself, in base and abject routs, You, reverend father, and these noble lords, Had not been here.

Shakspeare.

It could not else be, I should prove so base To sue and be denied such common grace. Shak. And I will yet be more vile than this, and will be base in mine own sight. 2 Samuel. Insurrections of base people are commonly more furious in their beginnings. Bacon. He, whose mind

Is virtuous, is alone of noble kind; Though poor in fortune, of celestial race; And he commits the crime who calls him base. Dryden. Base-born; born out of wedlock, and by consequence of no honourable birth; illegitimate.

Why bastard? wherefore base? When my dimensions are as well compact As honest madam's issue. Shakspeare. This young lord lost his life with his father in the field, and with them a base son. Camden. 5. Applied to metals, without value. It is used in this sense of all metal except gold and silver.

A guinea is pure gold, if it has nothing but gold in it, without any alloy or baser metal. Watts.

6. Applied to sounds, deep; grave. It is more frequently written bass, though the comparative baser seems to require base.

In pipes, the lower the note holes be, and the further from the mouth of the pipe, the more base sound they yield. Bacon, BASE-BORN. adj. Born out of wedlock.

But see thy base-born child, thy babe of shame, Who, left by thee, upon our parish came. Gay. BASE-COURT. n. s. [bas cour, Fr.] Lower court; not the chief court that leads to the house; the back yard; the farmyard.

My lord, in the base-court he doth attend, To speak with you. Shakspeare. BASE-MINDED.adj. Mean-spirited; worth

less.

It signifieth, as it seemeth, no more than abject, base-minded, false-hearted, coward, ornidget. Camden's Remains.

BASE-VIOL. n. s. [usually written bassviol.] An instrument which is used in concerts for the base sound.

At the first grin he cast every human feature out of his countenance; at the second, he became the head of a base-viol.

BASE. n. s. [bas, Fr. basis, Lat.]

Addison.

The bottom of any thing; commonly VOLA h

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3. That part of any ornament which hangs down, as housings.

Phalastus was all in white, having his bases and caparison embroidered. Sidney. 4. The broad part of any body; as, the bottom of a cone.

5. Stockings, or perhaps the armour for the legs. [from bas, Fr.]

Nor shall it e'er be said that wight, With gauntlet blue and bases white, And round blunt truncheon by his side, So great a man at arms defy'd.

Hudibras.

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He with two striplings (lads more like to run The country base, than to commit such slaughter) Made good the passage. Shakspeare. To BASE. v. a. [basier, Fr.] To embase; to make less valuable by admixture of meaner metals.

I am doubtful whether men have sufficiently refined metals, which we cannot base: as, whether iron, brass, and tin, be refined to the height. Bacon. BA'SELY. adv. [from base.] 1. In a base manner; meanly; dishonourably.

The king is not himself, but basely led By flatterers. Shakspeare. A lieutenant basely gave it up, as soon as Essex in his passage demanded it. Clarendon With broken vows his fame he will not stain, With conquest basely bought, and with inglori ous gain. Dryden. 2. In bastardy.

These two Mitylene brethren, basely born, crept out of a small galliot unto the majesty of great kings. Knolles.

BA'SENESS. n. s. [from base.]

1. Meanness; vileness; badness. Such is the power of that sweet passion, That it all sordid baseness doth expel. Spanier.

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2.

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Vileness of metal.

We alleged the fraudulent obtaining his patent, the baseness of his metal, and the prodigious sum to be coined. Swift.

3. Bastardy; illegitimacy of birth. Why brand they us With base? with baseness? bastardy? Shaksp. 4. Deepness of sound.

The just and measured proportion of the air percussed towards the baseness or trebleness of tones, is one of the greatest secrets in the contemplation of sounds. Bacon.

To BASH. v. n. [probably from base.] To be ashamed; to be confounded with

shame.

His countenance was bold, and bashed not For Guyon's looks, but scornful eye-glance at him shot. Spenser. BASHA'W. n. s. [sometimes written bassa.] A title of honour and command among the Turks; the viceroy of a province ; the general of an army.

The Turks made an expedition into Persia; and, because of the straits of the mountains, the bashaw consulted which way they should get in. Bacon.

BASHFUL. adj. [This word, with all those of the same race, are of uncertain etymology. Skinner imagines them derived from base, or mean; Minshew, from verbaesen, Dut. to strike with astonishment; Junius, from Bears, which he finds in Hesychius to signify shame. The conjecture of Minshew seems most probable.]

1. Modest; shamefaced.

I never tempted her with word too large; But, as a brother to his sister, shew'd Bashful sincerity, and comely love. Shakspeare. 2. Sheepish; vitiously modest.

He looked with an almost bashful kind of modesty, as if he feared the eyes of man. Sidney. Hence, bashful cunning! And prompt me, plain and holy innocence.

Shakspeare. Our author, anxious for his fame to-night, And bashful in his first attempt to write, Lies cautiously obscure. BA'SHFULLY.adv. [from bashful.] Timorously; modestly.

Addison.

BA'SHFULNESS. n. s. [from bashful.] 1. Modesty, as shown in outward appearance.

Philoclea a little mused how to cut the thread even, with eyes, cheeks, and lips, whereof each sang their part, to make up the harmony of bashfulness. Sidney.

Such looks, such bashfulness, might well adorn The cheeks of youths that are more nobly born. Dryden.

2. Vitious or rustick shame.

For fear had bequeathed his room to his kinsman bashfulness, to teach him good manners.

Sidney.

There are others who have not altogether so much of this foolish bashfulness, and who ask every one's opinion. Dryden. BA SIL. n. s. [ocymum, Lat.] A plant.

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To BA'SIL. v. a. To grind the edge of a tool to an angle.

These chissels are not ground to such a basil a the joiners chissels, on one of the sides, but are basiled away on both the flat sides; so that the edge lies between both the sides in the middle of the tool. Moxon. BASILICA. . s. [Bacinixn] The middle vein of the arm, so called by way of pre-eminence. It is likewise attributed to many medicines for the same reason.

Quincy. BASILICAL. adj. [from basilica. See BASILICK. S BASILICA.] Belonging to the basifick vein.

These aneurisms following always upon bleeding the basilick vein, must be aneurisms of the humeral artery. Sharp BASILICK. n. s. [basilique, Fr. Baxmn] A large hall, having two ranges of pillars, and two isles or wings, with galleries over them. These basilicks were first made for the palaces of princes, and afterward converted into courts of justice, and lastly into churches; whence a basilick is generally taken for a magnificent church, as the basilick of St. Peter at Rome.

BASILICON. n. s. [Bagikixiv.] An oint. ment, called also tetrapharmacon.

Quincy.

I made an incision into the cavity, and put a pledget of basilicon over it. Wiseman. BA'SILISK. . s. [basiliscus, Lat. of S onion, of facies, a king.]

1. A kind of serpent, called also a cockatrice, which is said to drive away all others by his hissing, and to kill by looking.

2.

Make me not sighted like the basilisk; I've look'd on thousands who have sped the better

By my regard, but kill'd none so. Shakspears. The basilisk was a serpent not above three palms long, and differenced from other serpents by advancing his head, and some white marks or coronary spots upon the crown. Brown. A species of cannon or ordnance. We practise to make swifter motions than any you have, and to make them stronger and more violent than yours are; exceeding your greatest cannons and basilisks.

Bacon.

BA'SIN. n. s. [basin, Fr. bacile, bacino, Ital. It is often written bason, but not according to etymology.]

I. A small vessel to hold water for washing, or other uses.

Let one attend him with a silver basin, Full of rose-water, and bestrew'd with flowers. Shakspeart.

We have little wells for infusions, where the waters take the virtue quicker and better than in vessels and basins. Bacon

We behold a piece of silver in a basin, when water is put upon it, which we could not discover before, as under the verge thereof. Brown

⚫. A small pond.

On one side of the walk you see this hollow basin, with its several little plantations lying conveniently under the eye of the beholder. Spect. 3. A part of the sea enclosed in rocks,

with a narrow entrance.

The jutting land two ample bays divides; The spacious basins arching rocks inclose, Asure defence from ev'ry storm that blows. Pope. 4. Any hollow place capacious of liquids. If this rotation does the seas affect, The rapid motion rather would eject The stores, the low capacious caves contain, And from its ample basin cast the main.

Blackmore.

5. A dock for repairing and building ships. 6. In anatomy, a round cavity situate between the anterior ventricles of the brain.

7. A concave piece of metal, by which glass-grinders form their convex glasses. 8. A round shell or case of iron placed over a furnace, in which hatters mould the matter of a hat into form.

9. Basins of a Balance, the same with the scales; one to hold the weight, the other the thing to be weighed. BA'SIS. n. s. [basis, Lat.]

1. The foundation of any thing, as of a column or a building.

It must follow, that Paradise, being raised to this height, must have the compass of the whole earth for a basis and foundation. Raleigh.

Ascend my chariot, guide the rapid wheels That shake heav'n's basis. Milton.

In altar wise a stately pile they rear; The basis broad below, and top advanc'd in air. Dryden.

2. The lowest of the three principal parts of a column, which are the basis, shaft, and capital.

Observing an English inscription upon the basis, we read it over several times. Addison. 3. That on which any thing is raised. Such seems thy gentle height, made only proud To be the basis of that pompous load, Than which a nobler weight no mountain bears. Denham.

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Shakspeare.

3. The groundwork or first principle of any thing.

Build me thy fortune upon the basis of valour. Shakspeare. The friendships of the world are oft Confederacies in vice, or leagues of pleasure; Ours has severest virtue for its basis. Addison. TO BASK. v. a. [backeren, Dut. Skinner.] To warm by laying out in the heat: used almost always of animals.

And stretch'd out all the chimney's length, Basks at the fire his hairy strength. Milton. He was basking himself in the gleam of the sun. L'Estrange.

'Tis all thy business, business how to shun, To bask thy naked body in the sun. Dryden. To BASK. v. n. To lie in the 'warmth.

About him, and above, and round the wood, The birds that haunt the borders of his flood, That bath'd within, or bask'd upon his side, To tuneful songs their narrow throats apply'd.

Dryden.

Unlock'd in covers, let her freely run To range thy courts, and bask before the sun. Tickell

Some in the fields of purest æther play, BASKET. n. 5. [basged, Welsh; bascauda, And bask and whiten in the blaze of day. Pope. Lat. Barbara depictis venit bascauda Britannis. Martial.] A vessel made of twigs, rushes, or splinters, or some other slender bodies interwoven.

Here is a basket; he may creep in, and throw foul linen upon him, as if going to bucking. Shakspeare.

Thus while I sung, my sorrows I deceiv'd, And bending osiers into baskets weav'd. Dryd. Poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling; now and then carrying a basket of fish to Arbuthnot. the market. BA'SKET-HILT. n.s.[from basket and hilt.] A hilt of a weapon so made as to contain the whole hand, and defend it from being wounded.

His puissant sword unto his side, Near his undaunted heart, was ty'd : With basket-bilt, that would hold broth, And serve for fight and dinner both. Hudibras. Their beef they often in their murrions stew'd, And in their basket-bilts their bev'rage brew'd. King

BA'SKET-WOMAN. n.s. [from basket and woman.] A woman that plies at markets with a basket, ready to carry home any thing that is bought.

BASS. n. s. [supposed by Junius to be derived, like basket, from some British word signifying a rush; but perhaps more properly written boss, from the French bosse.] A mat used in churches. Having woollen yarn, bass mat, or such like, to bind them withal. To BASS. v. n. To sound in a deep tone.

The thunder,

Mortimer.

That deep and dreadful organ-pipe, pronounc'd The name of Prosper: it did bass my trespass. Shakspeare.

BASS. adj. [See BASE.] In musick, grave; deep. BASS-RELIEF. n. s. [from bas, and relief, raised work, Fr.] Sculpture, the figures of which do not stand out from the ground in their full proportion. Felibien distinguishes three kinds of bassrelief in the first, the front figures appear almost with the full relief; in the second, they stand out no more than one half; and in the third much less, as in coins.

BASS-VIOL. See BASE VIOL.

On the sweep of the arch lies one of the Muses, playing on a bass-viol. Dryden. BA'SSA. See BASHAW. BA'SSET. n. s. [basset, Fr.] A game at cards, invented at Venice.

Gamesters would no more blaspheme; and lady Dabcheek's basset bank would be broke. Dennis.

BASSO RELIEVO. [Ital.] See BASS

RELIEF.

BA'SSOCK. n. s. The same with bass. BASSO'N. n. s. [basson, Fr.] A musical BASSO'ON. instrument of the wind kind, blown with a reed, and furnished with

eleven holes, which are stopped like other large flutes; its diameter at bottom is nine inches, and it serves for the bass in concerts of hautboys, &c. Trevoux. BAʼSTARD. n. s. [bastardd, Welsh, of low birth; bastarde, Fr.]

1. Bastard, according to the civil and canon law, is a person born of a woman out of wedlock, or not married; so that, according to order of law, his father is not known. Ayliffe.

Him to the Lydian king Lycimnia bare, And sent her boasted bastard to the war. Dryd. 2. Any thing spurious or false.

Words

But rooted in your tongue; bastards and syllables Of no allowance to your bosom's truth. Shaksp. 3. A kind of sweet wine.

Score a pint of bastard.

Then your brown bastardis your only drink. Shak. BA'STARD. adj. [from the noun.] 1. Begotten out of wedlock; illegitimate. Peace is a very apoplexy, lethargy, insensible, a getter of more bastard children than war's a destroyer of men. Shakspeare.

2. Spurious; not genuine ; supposititious; false; adulterate. In this sense,. any thing which bears some relation or resemblance to another, is called spurious or bastard.

You may partly hope that your father got you not, that you are not the Jew's daughter. That were a kind of bastard hope indeed. Shakspeare. Men who, under the disguise of publick good, pursue their own designs of power, and such bastard honours as attend them. Temple. BA'STARD Cedar Tree. [called guazuma in the West Indies.]

To BA'STARD. v. n. [from the noun.] To convict of being a bastard; to stigmatize with bastardy.

She lived to see her brother beheaded, and her two sons deposed from the crown, bastarded in their blood, and cruelly murdered. Bacon. To BA'STARDIZE. v. a. [from bastard.] 1. To convict of being a bastard. 2. To beget a bastard.

I should have been what I am, had the

maidenliest star in the firmament twinkled on my bastardizing. Shakspeare. BA'STARDLY. adv.[from bastard.] In the manner of a bastard; spuriously.

Good seed degenerates, and oft obeys The soil's disease, and into cockle strays; Let the mind's thoughts but be transplanted so Into the body, and bastardly they grow. Donne. BA'STARDY. n. s. [from bastard.] An unlawful state of birth, which disables the bastard, both according to the laws of God and man, from succeeding to an inheritance.

Ayliffe.

Once she slander'd me with bastardy ; But whether I be true begot, or no, That still I lay upon my mother's head. Shaks. In respect of the evil consequents, the wife's adultery is worse, as bringing bastardy into a family. Taylor.

No more of bastardy in heirs of crowns. Pope. TO BASTE. v. a. part. pass. basted, or basten. [bastonner, Fr. Bazata, in the Armorick dialect, signifies to strike with a stick; from which perhaps baston,

a stick, and all its derivatives, or laterals, may be deduced.] 1. To beat with a stick.

Quoth she, I grant it is in vain For one that's basted to feel pain; Because the pangs his bones endure Contribute nothing to the cure.

Bastings heavy, dry, obtuse, Only dulness can produce; While a little gentle jerking Set the spirits all a-working.

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Hudibras,

Swift.

2. To drip butter, or any thing else, upon meat as it turns upon the spit.

Sir, I think the meat wants what I have, a basting. Shakspeare. 3. To moisten meat on the spit by melted fat falling upon it.

The fat of roasted mutton falling on the birds, will serve to baste them, and so save time and butter. Swift. 4. To sew slightly. [baster, Fr. to stitch.] BASTINA'DE. BASTINADO. n. s. [bastonnade, Fr.] 1. The act of beating with a cudgel; the blow given with a cudgel.

But this courtesy was worse than abastinado te Zelmane; so with rageful eyes she bade him defend himself. Sidney.

And all those harsh and rugged sounds Of bastinados, cuts, and wounds. Hudibras 2. It is sometimes taken for a Turkish punishment, of beating an offender on the soles of his feet.

To BASTINA'DE. Įv. a. [from the noun; To BASTINA'DO.S bastonner, Fr.] Te beat; to treat with the bastinado.

Nick seized the longer end of the cudgel, and with it began to bastinado old Lewis, who had slunk into a corner, waiting the event of a squabble. Arbuthnot. BA'STION. n. s. [bastion, Fr.] A huge mass of earth, usually faced with sods, sometimes with brick, rarely with stone, standing out from a rampart, of which it is a principal part, and was anciently called a bulwark. Harris.

Toward; but how? ay, there's the question; Fierce the assault, unarm'd the bastion. Prior.

BAT. n. s. [bat, Sax. This word seems to have given rise to a great number of words in many languages; as, battre, Fr. to beat; baton, battle, beat, batty, and others. It probably signified a weapon that did execution by its weight, in opposition to a sharp edge; whence shirlbat and brickbat.] A heavy stick or club.

A handsome bat he held,
On which he leaned, as one far in eld. Spenser.
They were fried in arm chairs, and their bones
broken with bats.
Hakervill,

BAT. n. s. [vespertilio, the etymology unknown.] An animal having the body of a mouse and the wings of a bird; not with feathers, but with a sort of skin which is extended. It lays no eggs,

but brings forth its young alive, and sucklesthem. It never grows tame, feeds upon flies, insects, and fatty substances, such as candles, oil, and cheese; and appears only in the summer evenings, when the weather is fine. Galmet

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