takes place on Tuesday, and we expect a very full months, when the attention of a Staffordshire miner was attracted by attendance; in short every thing is going on pros-cation of fire. I had an opportunity of witnessing this wonderful the noise and height of the bubbles, and subsequently by the appliperously.

J. MACARTHUR, Sec.

N

SOCIALISM ANNIHILATED.

As another mode of bringing "grist to the mill," the renowned Mr. Brindley, who so lately suffered a most inglorious defeat at Manchester, has commenced scribbling, and is to issue the fruits of his lucubrations in a series of " Tracts," of which the first has just appeared. From the triumphant announcement inade by some of our accommodating contemporaries, Socialism cannot survive the attack, and to Mr. Brindley will belong the honour of completing the victory which, if we are to believe his friends, he has so successfully begun. To ease the souls of such of our quaking friends as may be terrified at the intelligence, we will give a specimen which speaks as highly for his philosophy as his logic. Hear his flourish of trumpets

Having established that man directs his own actions, and is a responsible being, in opposition to the Fundamental Facts' of Socialism, I will now expose the absurdity of Mr. Owen's own arguments in their defence."

Clear the stage, and enter Tom Thumb:

appearance by night, and regret my inadequacy to describe a sight so interesting.

THE PRIEST AND THE LAWYER.-The Pharisee and Scribe, the pests of society, were as busy as ever, bursting through the concourse with supercilious dignity, canvassing for hearers in the market-place as of old, offering their wordy devotions where they might best be Blind guides of the blind! vipers and hypocrites! I think I still see seen, and quarrelling with the native bitterness of religious faction. them, with their turbans pilled down on their scowling brows; their mantles gathered round them, that they might not be degraded by a profane touch, and every feature of their acrid and worldly physiognomies, wrinkled by pride, put to the torture, by the assumption of humility. REV. GEORGE CROLY, D.D.-Salathiel, or the Wandering Jew, vol. 3, p. 106.

TO READERS AND CORRESPONDENTS.

CENTRAL BOARD.

REPORT SHEETS.-These sheets, according to the new forms, have been sent to the several agents of the Central Board, to be forwarded to the various Branches, with the parcels of the New Moral World, as follows:-to Mr. Cleave, of London, those for London A 1, Finsbury, Lambeth, Kensington, Greenwich, Chatham, Arlington, Brighton, Reading, Bristol, Cheltenham, Coventry, Leicester, Northampton, Yarmouth, and Norwich:-To Mr. Heywood, of Munchester, those for Preston, Blackburn, Pudiham, Manchester, Middleton, Rochdale, Bolton, Chorbent, Leigh, Oldham, Failsworth, Radcliffe-Bridge, Liverpool, Wigan, Warrington, Stockport, Macclesfield, Hyde, Ashton, Mottram, Tunstall, Congleton, Sheffield, Doncaster, Mansfield, Glasgow, and Paisley :-To Mr. J. Hobson, of Leeds, those for Dundee, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Sunderland, Darlington, Leeds, Bradford, Halifax, Huddersfield, and Hull. In case of delay or miscarriage, enquiry should be made as above, in order that no obstacle may be created to the punctual transmission of the Quarterly Reports to the Central Board, which is most particularly desired. Law 147 should be kept in view. Mr. Guest will forward the parcels to the Branches contigious to Birmingham. COMMUNITY FUND.-The following sums have been paid into the Bank: £9 17s. 6d. from A 1, Oct. 26; £10 from Manchester, Oct. 30; £4 10s. from the same, Nov.1; £92 8s. 6d. from A 1, Nov. 2; £5 from Finsbury, Nov. 5; Mr. Finch has paid £200 into the Community Fund; and Mr. Thomason, of Tooting, has paid £10 to the same fund, per Branch, A 1.

"A few experiments, (quoting Mr. Owen) will convince those who make them, that it is vain to attempt by our will to like what we dislike, or to hate what we love." (Book of the New Moral World, p. 7.) Now what, I would ask, has this nonsense about hating those we love, to do with free will? It is true, we cannot, without a cause, hate those we love; and wherefore? because we do not determine or will to do so. But we can so will or determine upon adequate motives, and then the change immediately takes place. Now, suppose that when we were requested to change love into hatred, we were unable to refuse to do so, what would this prove? why, that we had no will or choice in the matter, but were the kind of "machines" Mr. Owen says we are. For to be able to refuse to act, as fully establishes free agency, as to be able to determine to act. Can we then refuse to hate those we love? Certainly; the quotation given above declares that we can. And who is it asserts this? Why, Mr. Owen! who gives this very proof of man's ability to choose, as an illustration that man has no choice at all!!! His own argument, therefore, instead of destroying, most clearly establishes Man's Free Agency, and that, too, upon the satisfactory principle of the will being guided or directed by the judgment. THE WRITER of the remarks upon "the Sabbath" would have done Can any body tell us what this means? And yet well if while advocating science unmixed with mystic analogies, he such stuff will, as the Cheltenham Free Press sagely had confined himself to the sober and dispassionate language of declares, successfully combat "Infidelity!" Pshaw!- science and philosophy. There is such a thing as scientific, as well Star in the East. as religious intolerance; and he who requires that every subject shall be treated in the manner which squares precisely with his peculiar idiosyncrasy, is violating the canon of tolerance as much as the bigot who requires you to believe the same as himself. Variety is stamped upon men equally with the other productions of nature-monotony is abhorrent, and the speculations of some minds find admittance into others, which would remain closed for ever against equally talented essays upon the same subject, treated in a different manner. Let us above all things avoid the error of sectarianism in supposing that all beyond our own pule is “naught," and when we refute what we consider erroneous in the opinions of others, do so in the spirit of the "divine philosophy" of the social system.

GLEANINGS.

NATURAL EXHALATION OF CARBURATTED HYDROGEN Gas.— The following is from a correspondent of the Athenæum :-In the Vale of Cwmdare, near the village of Aberdare, Glamorganshire, there is a waterfall, which has, latterly, become an object of peculiar interest, in consequence of a phenomenon, hitherto unnoticed, and probably altogether new in character. It consists of an extraordinary exhalation of gas, spontaneously issuing from the bed of the stream, and which being ignited, continues to burn without intermission, with a yellow coloured flame, interspersed with streams of vivid white, orange, purple, and blue. There are more than twelve apertures through which the

gas escapes beneath the water, (causing it to rise and bubble): others on the dry banks, which increase daily in size. One of the apertures is considerably larger than the rest, the flame from which burns about two feet in length, and a foot and a half in width; at times it burns considerably larger. The soil consists chiefly of argillacious schist, or fire clay, sufficiently hot to burn the hand. Fish caught in the stream have been boiled upon it; and the friends who accompanied me to the spot prepared a good supper of broiled bacon for ourselves and the spectators. My first impression was, that this phenomenon was occasioned by an escape of carburetted hydrogen from a coal level, but, from its distance from a mine, and the occasional appearance in the flame, I do not think the idea can be correct; most probably it is a mixture of gases. The water has been observed to bubble for many years by the peasantry, but not to any extent, until within the last two

NEW MORAL WORLD.

MR. EAMONSON, we shall see him in London on Saturday.
WM. HEBERT, we shall endeavour to find room for his communication,
but cannot promise.'

A.

THE

EDUCATION.

JUST PUBLISHED, PRICE TWOPENCE,

RIGHT APPLICATION OF SCIENCE: W i ne HILST the differences between Protestants and Catholics

AN ADDRESS Church itself—are forming a barrier against the spread of knowledge,

DELIVERED AT THE OPENING OF THE and the right training of the juvenile population ; and each sect, iu HUDDERSFIELD HALL OF SCIENCE, cavilling about the particular creed to be tanght, is actually preventing anything effective being accomplished in National Education—whilst

On SUNDAY, Nov. 2, 1839. the peers and prelates of the realm are marching to the foot of the

BY G. A. FLEMING. throne to prevent thc education of the people, unless accompanied with the inculcation of doctrines about the truth of which the wisest of

“ The midnight shades, the meteor glotna mankind have differed in opinion-whilst those calling themselves par

Of Ignorance and Error fly ; excellence the educated classes, are thus manifesting the imperfection

The morning star of Science beams ; 0. their own education, it is important for the public to be informed

And Truth illumes the mental aky." that there exists one institution where all sects and all parties may hive an education of the best kind for their children without my in- Leeds, J. Hoboon ; Mauchenter, A. Heywood; London, J. Cleave ; ference in the modes of faith or doctrinal points.

wid Booksellers In the EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION, WISBECH, children are received at a very early age, and their physical, moral, and intellectual faculties

In the Press, and shortly will be Published, THE are so elicited and cultivated by efficient teachers and trainers, as to lay a solid foundation for the higher branches of education, which are

PEOPLE ARMED AGAINST PRIESTCRAFT; carried on for older pupils of both sexes in other departinents of the

IN REPLY TO A PAMPHLET, ENTITLED Institution.

The People armed against Socialism ; or, a Word for the Antiquity The course pursued with the children hetween two and six years of

and inspired Authority of the Bible, by the Rev. W. J. Kidd, age is that wlrich is in accordance with the best ascertained facts of

Incumbent of St. Matthew's, Manchester. the organization and nature of the human being, so as to ensure a happy, and therefore healthy state of existence.

BY SPENCER WALPOLE, ESQ. The intellectual training is on a new and constantly improving

Oh! what a reasonless machine plan ; it embraces Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic, Geometry,

Can Superstition make the reasoner man !"-Mallet's Mahoinet. Drawing, Music, Vocal, and Instrumental, and such lessons as are best adapted thoroughly and agreeably to develope the highest powers

TO THE LONDON SOCIAL BRANCHES. of the mind, such as Observation, Comparison, Reflection, &c. ; but these objects are pursued in a manner suited to the ages of the children, who are never suffered to fatigue themselves, but the studies alternate with Gymnastics, Calisthenics, games and recreation, which LAMBETH COFFEE AND READING ROOMS, No 3, NORTE

Place, corner of North Street, near the Orphan Asylum. GEORGE are carried on whenever the weather permits in the open air.

HUGGETT begs to inform his social Friends and the Public, that he has The elder pupils receive instruction in the German Language from a npened the ab ive Rooms: viz. Public Coffee Room, SELECT COFFEE resident German Professor ; and are also taught the French and Room, and the SUBSCRIPTIOy Reading Room, for the exclusive use Italian Languages, and the Classics. A resident Professor teacher of Subscribers, and hopes by attention to the purchase and preparation Algebra, Mathematics, and the Natural Sciences ; and instruction is of every articlc of the best Quality, to merit their Patronage. giyen in Practical Mechanics.

Rewards and punishments are alike unknown ; but the constant INSTITUTION FOR INSTRUCTION AND AMUSEMENT, endeavour is to train the pupils to act from the noble sense and lors

GROSVENOR STREET, HOLYWELL STREET, MILLBANK, LONDON. of what is good. The wariety of talent employed in tuition, and the

varied ages of LECTE Sous com Social and Scientifie Subjects, are delivèred by the ,

Mr. , Sunday Evening. open at , The Rates of admission are, for Papils under twelve years of ag",

to commence at Halfpast. Five Pounds per Quarter, payable in od mnce. For those above that

Oy Sunday, November 17, Mr. SOUTHWELL will commence a age, Six Pounds Five Shillings per Quarter.

Course of TWO LECTURES on Female Educution ; and on Sunday, There are no extras, except for Washing and Stationary, and no December 1st, a Course of Six on Plutarch's LIVES. Vacations.

Where there is more than one-Pupil from the same family, and the TO THE SHAREHOLDERS OF THE LONDON means of their parents are bimited, the terms may be matter of special

CO-OPERATIVE BUILDING SOCIETY. agreement.

The Quarters commence on the First of January, the First of April, the Fint of June, and the First of October ; but Pupils are received THE SECOND CALL on the Shareholders of the above Society the time they enter.

respond to that call immediately. INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL,

A SPECIAL MEETING of the Shareholders will be balche In conjunction with the above, and in order to render the benefits New Premises in John-Street, Tottenham Court Road, on Sunday of a rational Education as extensive as possible, an Agricultural and MORNING, 17th Inst., nt ELBYEN O'Clock precisely, to survey the Mechanical School is now forming, so that the Directors are enabled works in progress, in order that Sharcholders may hare a clear parto meet the views and circumstances of persons of all classes.

ception of the magnitude of the operations. In the Manual Labor School the Boys will be trained to habits of

GEORGE SIMKINS, SECRETARY. morality and industry, and taught Gardening and various Mechanical Arts, such as Carpentry, Bricklaying, Printing,

(informs the . , ing, Writing, Arithmetic, &c. &c.

Hotel and Coffee House, in the Preinises, No. 15, Lord Nelson Street, The Girls will be instructed in such of the foregoing branches of Liverpool, where those who favour him with their support, may depend Education as may be adapted to their physical and mental capabilities, on superior accommodation, at reasopable prices. and they will be trained to the practice of the domestic employments

Well-aired Beds, and every convenience for. Travellers. of the dairy, laundry, kitchen, sewing, knitting, &c. &c.

The Hotel is within a minut:'s walk of the Railway Station, and as to admit of all ages being received.

charged from

Sciences in singing, Music, Drawing, history and Geography; Read- W Lgenerally, that he has opened in community Temperance

Arrangements diave been made for such a classification of the Pupils in an airy

, healthy, and respectable neighbourhood.

THE

OR GAZETTE OF THE

UNIVERSAL COMMUNITY SOCIETY OF RATIONAL RELIGIONISTS.

Enrolled under Acts of Parliament, 10 Geo. IV. c. 56, and 4 and 5 Will. IV. c. 40.

“THE CHARACTER OF MAN IS FORMED FOR HIM AND NOT BY HIM."-ROBERT OWEN.

A FEW WORDS ON MARRIAGE. themselves ; but the matter does not rest here, otherwise the settle

ment of the questions arising out of it, would be exceedingly simple,

and speedily despatched. On no portion of Mr. Owen's views has misrepresentation been We have next to consider how marriage affects society. The more abundant, or prejudice more sedulously excited, than that children who are the offspring of these marriages, require to be fed, relating to marriage : nor has the repeated exposure and refutation of clothed, sheltered, and educated. Society, as it is at present constithe calumnies of our opponents been attended by any cessation of the tuted, has made no general arrangements for these purposes, and falsehoods they so perseveringly promulgate. Indeed, they never con- therefore throws the duty of doing so upon the parents of each separato descend to notice what the Socialists say on the subject at all, or to family. In order to secure this object, marriages are declared indisliston to our views respecting it; but, having coined a goodly array of soluble, or their dissolution so hedged about with difficulties, that it is indignant phrases, and artfully arranged them in such a way as to next to impossible to obtain divorces, although we may mention, by Appeal to existing prejudices in the strongest manner, they are bandied the way, that that lnxury, like others, can be procured by those whose from one da wspaper and magazine to another, with great mpidity and purses are long enough to pay for it. “Marrying, un-marrying, and parrot-like wcuracy. The song of the cuckoo B Bot more monotonous remarrying," is by no means immoral in a person who has a lew than the reiteration of the "stale, flat, and unprofitable,” invectives of thousand pounds a yoar ; but it is horrible depravity in the poor, not brainless, but not venomless scribes, respecting the Marriage System of to be tolerated for a moment, or spoken of without lifting up the Socialism.

moment of forming the contract,--and in this it is wiser than the the present system, the life-long struggle with contending passions, church. Oh how many perjuries have been sworn before the church's altars upon this subject; from the tongue how many asseverations of love have flowed, when hatred and disgust swelled and raged in the breast; and the parties, thus mutually cozening each other with honied words, have been attracted only by wedded titles, fortune, property, or business connexions, not the individual who represented them!

This evil also arises out of the construction of society, which pre-munity of which they are members, will benefit immensely in a moral gents these false and sordid motives for matrimonial alliances; and in the majority of cases, supersedes the natural and only proper motive for them. What wonder is it that unions begun in such a manner, should end in misery? What a mockery to talk of “God joining" such people together; but if it be insisted that God really does join them, we must be permitted to express a suspicion that it is the God Mammon.

Yet, the objectors to, and vilifiers of, Socialism constantly write and declaim, as though an immediate change was advocated, in this respect, unaccompanied by any corresponding changes in these other important relations of life. They artfully draw high-coloured pictures of domestic felicity, such as are the rare exception to the general rule of domestic unhappiness now produced, and talk as though it were desired to destroy them. Such is not the case; we wish the unhappiness to be the exception; the felicity and affection to be the rule. So far from interfering with the affections, or with those whom nature, temperament, and education have fitted peculiarly to unite in this tenderest, most delicate, and closest of unions, every facility that could be offered to keep affection in activity, and to render it permanent, would be afforded; and, on the contrary, every obstacle to the for-divorce are to be equally public. mation of marriages without affection, or sufficient mutual knowledge, would be interposed.

Such is the system which ROBERT OWEN proposes for the first Community, established upon equitable principles, for producing and

But in order to destroy the suffering entailed on thousands, under distributing wealth; leaving it to society, as it increases in experience

and intelligence, to devise new and superior arrangements for the gathered together without regard to order, health, regularity, or archigratification of the affections and the permanence of their action.

It is scarcely necessary to ask the effect of the contrast upon the mind of the reader; nor to bid him think of the appropriate epithets for the conduct of our opponents. Read, first, the searing, scalding denunciations, the horrific and harrowing pictures they draw of our system, and then turn to the system itself; you can then form a proper judgment, and we shall cheerfully abide the result.

FOURIERISM.*

ARTICLE III.

THE SCIENCE OF SOCIETY.

Having followed Fourier in his theory of human nature, and having seen that he analyses each individual character into twelve primary and indestructible passions, which compose the law of attraction, by which the social fabric is firmly knit together, let us now hear him treat of the nature of the relations which exist between different individuals, and which form what is in strictness called the Socia Science.

As a striking proof that the present anomalous state of society is not conformed to the moral law of attraction, Fourier dwells upon the present unsettled aspect of society. In agricultural operations, the extreme division of the land, which is so remarkable in France, (although attended with many advantages,) is yet marked by corresponding evils. The smallness of each plot prevents the application of skill and scientific combinations, and produces a limited and inexpert mode of culture, detrimental to the fertility of the land. In manufacturing operations, what a waste of energy! what repugnant and poorly compensated labour! what falsehood! what deadly opposition and strife, whether between similar or different branches of trade!

In this Social state we see a constant struggle for caste,-here the insolence of wealth; there the audacity of the pauper. Every where we see falsehood and deception in the divers relations of life, and the oppression of the mass of mankind continued for the support of the few. In our relations with external nature, how powerless is man! In the present state of society, he cannot avoid the irregularities and inclemencies of the weather which shorten prematurely the life of man, or the fearful epidemics which destroy it. Of all these evils, there are many which a merely physical association of human beings could banish, but it is only an association conformed to the law of moral attraction which can entirely annihilate them. Before we can secure harmony in our social relations, we must establish harmony in the faculties and passions of man.

Now how are we to cause riches to succeed to indigence-truth to deception-mutual support to iron oppression-a regular climate to the fatal irregularities of the atmosphere? This is the next question which Fourier proposes. Before giving the true remedy, he considers the various expedients which have been tried, and which have proved imperfect; to these expedients he has given the name of garantisme, which signifies mutual guarantees, such as co-operative, mutual assurance, friendly, and other societies. From the defects which are to be found in these expedients, Fourier points with exultation to the true remedy of association harmonised by the law of moral attraction, and which he claims as his discovery.

tectural beauty, Fourier proposes to group humanity by communes, or phalanges, preserving the proper proportions in the number of inhabitants, and in the disposition of the interior arrangements, as well as. in the exterior relations which cach phalange will bear to other phalanges, according to the law of analogy. And as the heavenly planets have not only a movement of themselves, but another movement around other bodies-which other bodies in their turn have also a movement around others again-so also will a phalange be not only composed of a number of small social circles called groups, but these groups will revolve around others called series, and these series will, in their turn, form the phalange, which itself is destined to continue the same law of analogy in its relations with other phalanges in the vicinity.

The prime mover of this social machinery is, as we have before said, the moral attraction. One great discovery which mankind will soon learn, is the moral attraction for Labour. As man enters into the arena of his future destinies, he will learn how sweet and refreshing is properly-regulated labour. No proof can be more glaring of the anomalous state of society at the present moment than the fact of labour being held in contempt. What shall we so blaspheme Deity as to suppose that he has designed that labour should be considered dishonerable at the same time that he has made it the imperious and necessary condition of our very existence?

And yet we see rich men priding themselves in their idleness, and by their side their poor fellow-creatures, toiling with repugnance. Evidently there is a sad confusion here. The repugnance with which the labourer toils, is not proof that labour in itself is repugnant, but only that God has never willed that man should be condemned to excessive and ungrateful labour tasks. The abuse of a thing should never be used as an argument against the proper use of a thing. Moderate and well-regulated labour is as conducive to health, happiness, and morality, as excessive and badly regulated labour is destructive to these blessings. When a better state of society shall be introduced, the rich and idle members of society will be anxious to participate in that labour with which they now oppress their poorer fellow-creatures. Then labour will be a matter of option-of choice of taste-of inclination; each will give himself up to the employment which he prefers. Nay, if he likes twenty occupations, let him follow, if he likes, twenty occupations at once. A charming rivalry ́ an enthusiasm always new, will preside over laborions occupations When under the law of moral attraction, mankind will be associated by groups, the ultimate fraction of society; by series which are the association of groups, and by phalanges which are the associations of series.

As the Phalange is to be constructed in harmony with twelve passions; and as the first five passions are those of the senses, which require internal health, and external riches, it is necessary that the workshops combine salubrity, neatness, and elegance, that they be embellished with every convenience and ornament which their form and use will allow; and that the manners and exterior deportment and appearance of the labourers present nothing gross or dirty, to offend the eye of the spectator. It is also necessary that the labourer receive such a remuneration for his labour as to satisfy his necessary wants, and also to secure to him an ample participation in the consumption of those benefits which he has been at the trouble to procure, This remuneration will be determined by the opinion of others, each

This association is founded on agriculture as a base, on which, as on of whom, according to Fourier, will feel his own interest to be secure. a pivot, rotate all the other features of industry. only so long as he awards a liberal remuneration to the labourer. In Instead of vast centres, towns and cities, where the population are the Phalange there will be no such abominable thing community of property, and because Fourier has rejected this princi and scoffs at

*(Continued from Page 865.