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Evalent for which this kingdom ought to pay an annual tribute or fubfidy to GreatBritain.

If the Parliament of Ireland retain any idea of their own dignity, we think it impoffible that they fhould ever ailent to thofe propofitions; but even fuppofing that minifterial influence fhould carry them through, the time will come, when the people of Ireland will disclaim, them, and deny them to have been their act; that they may do this with the better grace, we conceive and refpectfully re

commend, that every city and town, as well as every body of men in the kingdom fhould without lofs of time, take them under confideration, and petition Parlia ment to poftpone any proceedings upon them until next feffion, that fo the nation may have ample time to digeft them, and lay before Parliament their matured fentiment's thereupon.

By direction of the Council of the Chamber of Commerce,

ROBERT BRADSHAW, Sec.

A Defcription of Nova Scotia with respect to Soil, Climate, Produce, and Situation for Trade, from the latest Authorities.

Illuftrated with an approved Map of the Country.

In the Map, fome of the old Names of Rivers, Bays, &c. are retained, but in this Cafe the more modern are also given, and it is done for the better understanding the French Authors and others, who take Notice of them fometimes under the one Ñame and fometimes the other. We have only to add that Port Rofeway on the South-east of the Peninfula (off Brown's Bank) is now better known by the Name of Port Shel burne; and St. John's on the North-weft Side of the Bay of Fundy has changed its Name to New Brunswick.

NOVA SCOTIA is in length about

350 miles, and in breadth 250: fitú ated between 43 and 49 degrees of north latitude, and between 60 and 67 eaft longitude: it is bounded by the river St. Lawrence on the North; by the Gulph of St. Lawrance and the Atlantic ocean, eaft; by the fame ocean, fouth; and by Canada and New England, weft. The principal rivers are the river of St. Law rence which forms the northern boundary. The rivers Rifgouche ard Nipifguit run from west to caft, and fall into the Bay of St. Lawrence. The rivers of St. John, Paffamaquadi, Peno fcot, and St. Croix, which run from north to fouth fall into Fundy Bay, on the fea, a little to the eastward of it. The feas adjoining are the Atlantic Ocean, Fundy Bay, and the Gulph of St. Lawrance. The leffer bays are Chenigto and Green Bay upon the Ifthmus, which joins the north part of Nova Scotia to the fouth; and the Bay of Chaleuers on the north-east; the Bay of Chedibucto on the fouth-eaft: the Bay of the fands, the Ports of Bart, Chebucto, Profper, St. Margaret, La Heve, Port Maltois, Port Ryfignol, Port Vert, and Port Joly, on the fouth; Port La Tour on the fouth-eaft; Port St.

Mary, Annapolis, and Minas, on the fouth fide of Fundy Bay. The lakes are very numerous, though few of them have yet received any particular names.

The climate of this country, though within the temperate zone has been generally found to be rather unfavourable to European conftitutions. They are wrapt up in the gloom of a fog, during great part of the year; and for four or five months it is intenfely cold. But though the cold in winter and the heat in fummer are great, they come on gradually, fo as to prepare the body for enduring both.

From fuch an unfavourable climate little can be expected. Nova Scotia is almoft a continued foreft; and agriculture, though attempted by the English fettlers, has hitherto made little progrefs. In most parts the foil is faid to be thin and barren, the corn it produces of a fhrivelled kind like rye, and the grafs intermixed with a cold fpungy mofs. ever it is not uniformly bad; there are tracts in the peninfula to the fouthward, which do not yield to the best land in New England; and, in general, the foil is adapted to the produce of hemp and flax. The timber is extremely proper for

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hip-building and produces pitch and tar, The animals of this country are much he fame, as in the neighbouring provinces. Wild fowl and all manner of game, with many kinds of European jowls and quadrupeds have from time to ime been brought into it and thrive well. At the clofe of March, the fith begin o fpawn, when they enter the rivers in fuch thoals, as are incredible. Herrings come up in April, and the fturgeon and falmon in May. But the moft valuable appendage of New Scotland is the Cape Sable coaft, along which is one continued range of cod-fifhing banks and excellent harbours.

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The principal town is Halifax; it ftands upon Chebucto Bay, very coinmodiously Gruated for the fishery, and has a communication with most parts the province either by land carriage, the lea, or navigable rivers, with a fine harbour, where a fmall fquadron of fhips of war lies during the winter, and in fummer puts to fea, under the command of a commodore, for the protection of the fishery, and to fee that the articles of the late peace, relative thereto, are duly obferved by the French. The town has an intrenchment, and is ftrengthened with forts of timber. The other towns of lefs note are Annapolis, which stands on the east fide of the Bay of Fundy, and, though but a fmall place was formerly the capital of the province, has one of the finest harbours in America, capable of containing a thousand veffels at auchor, in the utmoft fecurity. St. John's (now New Brunswick) is a new fettlement at the mouth of the river of that name, that falls into the Bay of Fundy on the north-weft fide.

Such is the account given us of this country by the best of our geographers and others who have refided there--we have been taught, indeed of late, to form very high expectations from the fettlement of New Brunswick and others on the Bay of Fundy; nay fome have gone to far as to think that Nova Scotia in its improving fate, with Canada and the island of St. John, could fupply the Weft-India iflands with the greatest part of their live flock, and other provifions, and thus render unneceffary any application to the ftates of America for thefe purposes; but those who seem to be left informed have no fuch fanguine hopes; and letters of undoubted authenticity have lately been published with the fignatures of the most

refpectable magiftrates of Shelbourne, (fituated in the best part of the country) to his Excellency Governor Parr, repre fenting that fettlement as threatened with famine. See Political Magazine for June laft, p. 464.

The probability of the truth of this reprefentation is corroborated by accounts given us of that country by people of the poft information; for which we refer to extracts from a pamphlet published by the Weft-India planters and merchants, and figned by their fecretary; inferted in our Magazine, June, 1784.

It is within general recollection, that after the ratification of the late peace with the American ftates, the Newspapers were filled with pompous accounts of the vait advantages we might expect to der rive from the remaining fettlement of Nova Scotia, left us by the American ftates; which was now no longer faid to have any refemblance to its namesake in Europe, but started up, at once, a land of the fairest promise and expectation: but thefe arts and manoeuvres are usual with minifters and their adherents, at the conclufion of a war, to render the peace they have made the more palatable to their country. When the two Floridas were given up to Britain by the treaty with Spain, at the termination of the war before laft, a man of the name of Storck (we think) was employed to give such a reprefentation of the country as might induce people of property to fettle there: accordingly he published a book describing the Floridas in the highest colours of exaggeration, and reprefenting it as a land of promife, though it proved to the unfortunate fettlers a land, hardly fit to live in.

It is a little extraordinary that the Authors of the Modern Universal History fhould havs copied an authority fo palpably delufive.

Somewhat of the fame kind we conceive to be a pamphlet published after the ratification of the late peace, entitled, "Remarks on the Climate, Produce, and natural Advantages of Nova Scotia, in a Letter to the Earl of Macclesfield," (printed for Debrett). Our reafons for this opinion are its differing from every other account we

The names of thefe Gentlemen are James, Robertfon, James McEwen, Jofeph Brewer. Charles M Niel, Alexander Leckie, Valentine Nutter,

have of the country in many material circumstances; all too favourable, with out mentioning any of its defects. The pamphlet may afford fome information to our readers; and therefore we will extract every thing material from it, only cautioning them against giving too im plicit credit to the whole.

The Peninfula of Nova Scotia, is from 5 to 7 fouth latitude of London, confequently the fun's warmth and influence there, must be greater than here. If at any time the cold is more fevere in winter, and the froft more intense, the difference arifes from the winds, which, when blowing from N. W, and W. N. W. pafs over wilderneffes and large tracts of uncultivated lands, interfperfed with many rivers, and extenfive lakes, and lie congealed generally till the middle of April, in froft and fnow; but these snows melt when the winds come about to the E. S. E. and from thence to the W. S. W. and are frequently in the winter carried off all the cleared lands, fo as to render it a detriment to the people, the roads being beft whilft the fnow lies upon them; and the weather is the cleareft and moft wholefome for man and beaft whilft the cold winds continue. It may appear ftrange, that no feverity of weather prevents the people working under the thelter of the woods, except rain; though there may be lome few days too fevere to permit delicate people to be long expofed to it. To prove my Lord, that any extraordinary feverity of the weather, which is now remarked, will be no longer complained of, when that country fhall be fettled and cultivated like Eu rope, I took a thermometer and hung it out of a window, in a northern afpect, exposed to the wind at N. W. I immediately removed the fame thermometer into a fouthern one, fheltered from the wind and exposed to the fun, and the fudden and almoft instantaneous effect, was a change of 40". And after all, notwithstanding fo much has been faid, about the feverity of the winter, very few of the Europeans change their or dinary cloathing, except those who expect to be long expofed to the open air; and when at home they may keep themselves as warm as they pleafe. Every body knows the abundance of wood they have for fuel, but few imagine that they have both coals and turf; the former of which there is in many parts of Nova Scotia, and alfo many bogs. And here it may be alked, why are coals frequently im

ported from England into Halifax? The anfwer is, the difficulty and expence of digging and tranfporting coals from our mines (especially during the war, when labourers were difficult to be had) renders that method much cheaper. The finall quantity they bring being only for ballaft. But the King's troops in America, were chiefly fupplied from Cape Breton mines. The want of labourers in like manner, afficts the cutting and tranfporting wood for fale. But this is an affair, with which the countryman and fettler in general have nothing to do. They have their wood in plenty, at no great distance, which they cut down at leisure in winter, and bring with cafe and little expence to their doors; a quantity of wood fufficient to fupply two nres for a week (and which is equal to one third of a chal dron of coals) coft before the war, only eighteen pence for cutting and pilingi that is a chaldron of coals, or what is equal thereto, three cords of wood would coft, the cutting and piling, four and fixpence.

Again my Lord, that that climate iş favourable to the production of all kinds of grain, roots, fruits, and vegetables. which Britain produces, is a demonftrable truth. The feafons indeed, for fowing, are not exactly the fame; but good hut. bandry produces good grain. They (from fome experience) prefer the fpring to the fall for fowing their wheat, because if is not expofed to fo many injuries, and accidents, as it would be in the cafe of an open winter. Nor is the grain perhaps inferior, nor the inconvenience greater to the farmer in the courfe of his business; if he plows his ground in the preceding fall, and having nothing to do upon his lands thus plowed, than to fow his gram, and lightly to harrow it, he may get all his wheat into the ground before the mid dle of April; even though the froft in the beginning of that month, fhould not be intirely out of the ground, which rarely happens. The ground is then by the winter froft, light and mellow. But even fhould the wheat-fowing be deferred till the middle of May, as may fometimes happen, through bad weather, but more likely careleffnefs, good crops have been produced and reaped almoft as early as that fowed in a lefs advanced feason. After the wheat, they fow oats, peafe, beans barley, and Indian corn, which fucceeds very well. And though it fhould be the latter end of May, or even the middle of June, yet their barley towed fo late, will

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