480 Personals and Special Notices. Personals and Special Notices. THE address of Rev. W. F. Walker, of the China Mission, is Greencastle, Ind. Rev. E. A. Bell has succeeded Rev. G. F. Hopkins as pastor of the English church in Jabalpur, India. Rev. J. A. Bucher, professor elect in the Frankfort Theological Seminary, left in August for his post of duty. Miss Grace V. Correll expects to leave for Japan on October 10 to rejoin her father, Rev. I. H. Correll. Miss Martha I. Casterton expects to leave this month for China to act as nurse in the Kucheng Hospital. Rev. Hu Yong Mi, one of the ablest and best of our veteran native preachers in China, died recently at Foo-Chow. The receipts of the Missionary Society for the ten months closing with August 31 were $745,492.22, an advance of $15,399.24 over the same months of the previous year. Rev. Dr. S. W. Siberts returns to Mexico this month. He leaves his family in Evanston, Ill., where his children have entered school. Rev. J. A. Russell, of the South American Mission, arrived in the United States on September 16. He will enter the theological seminary at Evanston, Ill. Rev. A. T. Leonard, of the India Mission, arrived in the United States on September 16, and will enter Drew Theological Seminary at Madison, N. J. Rev. J. R. Hykes, of our Central China Mission, has been appointed agent of the American Bible Society for China in place of the late Dr. Wheeler. The wife of Rev. W. H. Stephens, wife of our missionary in Bombay, India, died July 24 at Bombay after an illness of two days. Dr. Peachy T. Wilson, of the North India Conference, is at Evanston, Ill. He and his wife arrived in New York September 2. Rev. Dr. J. W. E. Bowen, Field Agent of the Missionary Society, has been elected to the chair of historical theology in Gammon Theological Seminary, Atlanta, Ga. The following missionaries sailed from San Francisco on September 12: Rev. J. H. Pyke, Rev. W. T. Hobart and family, returning to North China; Rev. J. F. Hayner and wife, to join the North China Mission; Mrs. Charlotte M. Jewell and Miss Anna D. Gloss, M.D., returning to China; Miss Florence Brown, to join the West China Mission; Miss May E. Carleton, M.D., returning to Foo-Chow; Rev. H. B. Hulbert and family, Miss May W. Harris, and Miss Lulu E. Frey, for Korea. Board of Managers of the Missionary Society. (Extract from Proceedings of the Board, Sept. 19, 1893.) BISHOP FOSS presided over the deliberations of the Board of Managers of the Missionary Society at the Mission Rooms on September 19. The Board adopted a resolution expressive of their joy at the rapid recovery of the bishop, and of gratitude that he had been spared to the Church. A committee, consisting of Dr. A. S. Hunt, Hon. E. L. Dobbins, and Dr. Andrew Longacre, was appointed to confer with Mr. Anderson Fowler, Mr. Richard Grant, and Dr. Asbury Lowrey as to the transfer of the evangelistic work of the Bishop Taylor Transit and Building Fund Society in Chili to the Missionary Society. An appropriation of $100 was made for supplies for the school in Monrovia, Liberia. The principal, Miss Dingman, desires greatly an assistant in her work, and her application was referred to the General Missionary Committee. Information was given that Mr. George M. Hewey, of Charles City, Ia., and Miss Ina H. Moses, of Old Orchard, Me., had been appointed as teachers in Peru as provided for at the July meeting of the Board. Rev. N. J. Plumb was authorized to return to China, his family remaining in the United States. Rev. Ralph O. Irish and wife were appointed missionaries to China in the place of Rev. John Walley and wife. It was stated that Rev. O. W. Willits could not be returned to China under the appropriations of the present year. In reply to questions respecting Nanking University it was Resolved, That in adopting the constitution for Nanking University the intention of the Board was to recognize and include such departments as had already been recognized by the General Missionary Committee in granting appropriations, namely, Preparatory Department, College of Liberal Arts, Theological School, and Medical School. Appropriation was made for the traveling expenses of Rev. E. R. Fulkerson and family returning from Japan. Information was given that the Japan Mission requested the return of Miss H. S. Alling to Japan in 1894-requested that unmarried missionaries should be sent to Japan only under exceptional circumstances, and when requested by the Mission, and that the Mission adopted the following in July last: "We desire to place on record our great pleasure and satisfaction on account of the official visit of Dr. A. B. Leonard, the first visit to us of any secretary of our Missionary Society, and we believe it will be of great benefit to the Church, the Missionary Society, and the Japanese Mission. We appreciate the patient attention to details which he has given in the investigation of our methods of work, our accounts, and our estimates for the coming year.' In accordance with the request of the Japan Mission, Rev. Charles Bishop was recognized as the official correspondent of the Mission. It was announced that Rev. E. E. Count had been transferred from the Italy Mission to the United States. An appropriation was made for the traveling expenses of Rev. E. F. Frease and family returning from India, and provision made for the return from India of Melvin Buck, son of Rev. P. M. Buck, Mrs. J. E. Scott and son, Rev. J. D. Webb and family, Rev. F. W. Foote and family, and Willie Gill, son of Rev. J. H. Gill. The following who were not sent out from the United States, but are connected with the India missions were recognized as missionaries having passed all their examinations and having been recommended by the Central Conference to the Board: Rev. J. D. Webb, Rev. C. W. De Souza, Rev. A. S. Vardon, Rev. A. T. Leonard, Rev. J. P. Meik, Rev. E. S. Busby, Rev. C. G. Conklin, and Rev. A. W. Prautch. The following were recommended for appointment as missionaries of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society: Miss Willma H. Brouse for Singapore, Miss Lula E. Frey and Miss May W. Harris for Korea, and Miss Ella P. Beckwith for Japan. Miss Martha I. Casterton was appointed as a nurse in Kucheng Hospital, Foo-Chow Mission. The resignation of Rev. Dr. J. W. E. Bowen as Field Agent of the Missionary Society was presented and accepted, to take effect when his work closes with the Fall Conferences, and the Board Resolved, That in accepting this resignation we put on record our conviction of the ability and fidelity with which his duties have been discharged; also Resolved, That the Board deems it inexpedient to establish the policy of appointing a field agent. Appropriations were made for the beneût of several of the foreign and domestic missions. The Committee of the World's Congress of Missions, to be held in Chicago, September 28 to October 5, asked that representatives from the Society be sent to the Congress. The board appointed as its representatives Secretary McCabe, Secretary Peck, Rev. Peachy T. Wilson, M.D., of India, Rev. N. J. Plumb, and Rev. G. B. Smyth, of China. THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANDS. NOVEMBER, 1893. THE OUTLOOK OF OUR MISSIONS IN SOUTH AMERICA. BY REV. T. B. WOOD, D.D., OF PERU. H AVING been for many years connected with the Methodist Episcopal missions in South America, I am frequently asked questions concerning them and the possibilities and probabilities of successful evangelization in South America. I will here answer some of these questions: QUESTION. What do you regard as the outlook in South America since the organizing of the Conference there by Bishop Newman? ANSWER. I regard it as peculiarly grand and glorious. That Conference, embracing the whole of a grand division of the globe, represents the grandest step in the modern progress of American Methodism. Q. What is there peculiarly grand about it? A. Three things: The extent of its territory, the scope of its work, and the importance of the results now within its reach. Q. What about the extent of the territory? A. It is twice as large as all Europe, twice as large as the United States, seven times as large as British India, and sixty times as large as Great Britain. Q. But are not Africa and Asia much larger fields, throwing South America into insignificance? A. Those grand divisions lack unity and homogeneity, which South America possesses in a singular degree, making it all one field, and appropriately organized into one Annual Conference. It is the grandest field on earth for wide, sweeping movements of a moral, social, and political character. Its ten nations-in language, institutions, laws, and historical traditions-are closer akin than those of any other grand division of the world. Q. What is there peculiar about the scope of the work? A. It includes three things: The regenerating of the remnants of old civilizations and of barbarous heathenism; the assimilating and reforming of migrating nations pouring into new and sparsely settled countries; and finally, it includes a tremendous movement of reaction from the New World to the Old along the lines of immigration. Influences from the United States have reacted powerfully on those parts of Europe from which this country has received its most voluminous tides of immigration. Methodism has been planted in Germany, Switzerland, Denmark, Sweden, and Norway as part of this reactionary influence. Exactly so Methodism in South America has begun to exert a powerful influence upon Portugal, Spain, Italy, Switzerland, France, and Austria, the sources of South American immigration. 482 The Outlook of Our Missions in South America. Q. What is there specially important in the results to be anticipated in South America? A. Ten young nations in South America are now all ready to be molded into the likeness of the great nation of North America, lacking for it only the one thing needful, namely, the Gospel. Their development on the North American lines will react upon the United States, to make more complete as well as more extensive the attainment of the providential destiny of both Americas. Q. Why do you regard the work there as deserving the words “peculiarly glorious?" A. I regard the most glorious thing in the history of the nineteenth century to be the development of the Great Republic in North America, with its progressive evangelism, beginning in the last century and extending through this. The most glorious thing in the twentieth century must be the further development of these results in North America, and their extension all over South America with the same progressive evangelism already fully inaugurated, though still in its first stages. American Methodism can have no more glorious work laid before it than that of evangelizing all America and spreading scriptural holiness over all these lands. Q. But do you regard the work there so encouraging as to justify this outlook? A. Methodism in South America has all the encouraging features that have characterized Methodism in North America from first to last, and promises to do for the young republics there exactly what has been done by progressive evangelism here. Q. But was not the work in South America for a long time a very indifferent suc cess? A. By no means; it has always been a first-class success, and would always so appear if viewed in the right aspect. The policy of our Church in regard to that work for a long time kept it as simply fort holding and not as aggressive occupancy. The fort holding, as such, was a grand success; and when the aggressive policy began it, too, became immediately a grand and an increasing success. Such it is to-day, and such it will be more and more continually. Q. But are there not peculiar difficulties in South America that will hinder progress? A. There are; and these are chiefly priestcraft and swordcraft, two obstacles with which Methodism has never had to contend in North America. These two difficulties made impossible for a long time at the beginning of our work in South America the aggressive policy now inaugurated. And these difficulties will hinder the work at every point in the future. It is their presence all over South America that makes indispensable the powerful moral and financial backing of the Missionary Society to push it forward. But these difficulties have been fully measured and the methods of overcoming them fully developed. Their hindrance to the work in the future can never be greater than it has been in the past. The present successes, attained in spite of them, prove that the glorious results embraced in the present outlook are surely attainable. Q. Does not the prevalence of swordcraft in politics throughout South America make impossible the development of those republics? A. It is a great hindrance, but does not make the situation hopeless. Immigration is pouring into those countries in spite of it, and must continue to do so; and we have proven that the work of evangelization can go on in spite of it, when sufficiently strengthened by the Missionary Society. Q. But would it not be better for us to wait until those countries are more stable and have their political systems better settled before spending so much money and effort upon them? A. They will never be settled until we settle them. The Outlook of Our Missions in South America. 483 Q. But does not the incoming of foreigners tend to make their politics more stable and settled? A. Only in a slight degree, because the children of those foreigners are natives, and grow up in the revolutionary and Jesuitical atmosphere that makes the natives what they are, and makes it impossible for them to realize their own generous aspirations in the way of self-government and moral and material progress. The only hope for those countries is to evangelize the masses, and make each new generation more and more completely leavened by the Gospel, until the moral power thus developed will govern governors and extend its beneficent influence through the whole mass. Q. Is not the sparse population of those countries a discouraging feature? A. In one respect it is, making the work in its present form cost more of force and funds in proportion to the number of people reached than in other fields. Q. Would it not be well to wait until those countries are more densely populated before pushing our work among them? A. Our fathers did not wait for the United States to become densely populated before pushing Methodism in every part of the country. They preempted the land for the Gospel, and so we must do in South America. We are called upon now by Providence to preempt the grandest extent of sparsely settled territory in the whole world— the grandest field in existence for founding a new evangelical civilization. Q. But is South America likely to be filled up with immigrants in the near future? A. Hitherto the tide of European immigration has poured into North America ; until now the United States alone has more than twice as many inhabitants as all South America, and for this very reason now offers vastly less inducements in the way of cheap lands than South America. With the cheapening of steam navigation Europe is now as near to South America as it has been in former times to North America, and the outpouring streams of emigrants must go where the vast tracts of cheap lands can be found. These tides have already become permanently directed toward the immense agricultural tracts of the south temperate zone. The regions to which they are now going have been receiving for the last twenty years an influx of population proportionately greater than was ever known in the United States. This movement, from the very nature of it, must continue until all the arable land in South America is as densely peopled as North America. Q. What can Methodism do for this incoming population? A. The South America Conference counts among its preachers not only natives of those countries, but also representatives of all the great peoples whose emigrants are settling there. The preaching is carried on in Spanish, Portuguese, English, German, Italian, and French. The whole mass of old and new population is being leavened by the regenerating influence and prepared for the grand results that will follow colonization and evangelization going hand in hand, and that on the vastest scale ever yet witnessed. Q. But have not those peoples made very slow progress since the time of their political independence? A. By no means. Their progress has been surprisingly great when it is considered that they have labored under the double curse of priestcraft in religion and sworderaft in politics, paralyzing the best efforts of their best men. Of all new countries in the world, apart from the United States, South America is the freest from the domination of old countries, and the readiest for the results that Christianity is to develop in the future. It is the surest to follow the ideals that the United States is pushing after— ideals of human welfare that God has made possible in the New World as nowhere else, by providentially freeing it from the traditions and influences dominant in the Old World. 484 The South American Indians. Q. But why have not those people learned long ago to eliminate swordcraft from their politics and shake off priestcraft in their religion, and so become what they aspire to be? A. They have long ago learned it, and know all about it, and can define it and describe it as well as we can, but they lack the moral power to realize it. Each new emergency overwhelms them anew because of the lack of power to do as well as they know. This moral power can never be imparted to them by any agency except the Gospel. Q. Does our work really tend to such results? A. Undoubtedly. Its character and tendency are shown in the new lives and triumphant deaths of the converts; in the development of heroes and heroines for the peculiar trials which characterize that field; in the increase of the workers in numbers and efficiency; in growing contributions for the support and extension of the work; in the fact that the common people hear us gladly despite all the machinations of priestcraft against us; in the augmenting hold on the public mind which our doctrines and practices are acquiring; in the growth of families and social circles molded by our influence, all of which tends toward the molding of all public opinion by the superhuman power that goes with loyal human testimony to divine truth. God's witnesses are multiplying and their testimony is extending, to compass all South America, with signs following that foretell results both grand and glorious. The organization of a Conference embracing that entire continent is in itself the consummation of one of the grandest steps in the progress of American Methodism, and it is but a prophecy of the vaster consummations that are providentially coming within reach. THE SOUTH AMERICAN INDIANS. BY REV. CHARLES W. MILLER. HE South American Indians are divided into two general groups, the Quichuas, ruled by the Incas, and the Guaranis. Their languages were quite different, although they belonged no doubt originally to the same race family. The Incas, or Quichuas, occupied the west coast from Panama to Chili, while the Guaranis inhabited the territory on the east and in the central part from the Orinoco to the river Plata. The civilization of the Incas seems to date from the twelfth century, and they were ruled by emperors, or Incas. The twelfth in succession from the founder of the dynasty was Huapna Capac, who occupied the throne when the Spaniards first visited Peru in 1527. According to tradition they had their origin as follows: The first Inca, Manco Capac, and his wife, Mama Oello, appeared as strangers on the banks of Lake Titicaca. They were persons of majestic appearance, and announced themselves as "children of the sun," sent by their beneficent parent to reclaim the tribes living there from the miseries of savage life. They were gladly welcomed. They founded the capital, Cuzco, whose great structures of stone and temple of the sun ceiled with pure gold marked the high order of intelligence they possessed. They taught the people-the men to cultivate the soil, and the women to weave. They prohibited human sacrifices that the tribes were accustomed to make to stones and sacred animals, teaching them to worship the sun, the moon, and the earth that gave them material life, and to adore Pachacamac, the great spirit that controls the destiny of the world. The provinces were put under the control of a curaca, or governor, and the subjects were divided into decurions, each ten decurions making a centurion, as among the |