Dharma, adj. and s.m. for dharmi (in poetry).-P.

Dharmi, adj. m.f. and s.m. pious, religious; a pious man.—H. P.

Dharmmūrat, s.m. (lit. 'image of righteousness'), a title which Brahmans may use

in addressing a Rājā or a Vais'ya.-H. P.

Dharti, s.f. the earth.-H. P.

Dherī, s.f. (dim. of ḍher), a little pile or heap.-H. P.

Dhi, s.f. (S. duhită), a daughter.-P.

Dhīraj, s.m.f. (m. in H.), steadiness, coolness; endurance, patience; courage, self-possession (from S. dhirya).-H. P.

Dhona, v. tr. to wash, cleanse.—H. U. P.

Dhoti, s.f. a small strip of cloth fastened round the waist and passing between the legs, tucked in behind.-H. U. P.

Dībān, s.f. (U. m., corr. fr. A. U. P. ¿), court, tribunal; sachchī dībān, God's tribunal.-P.

Diggia, v. intr. to fall (=U. H. girnā); ḍigg paiñā, to fall down and lie there (=U. H.

).-P.

Dikhāī, s.f. appearance: dikhai deñā, v. intr. to appear, show oneself.H. U. P.

Dikhālnā (Jalandhar dikhāļnā), v. tr. (caus. of dekhňā), to show.-P.

Dikhāunā, v. tr. (caus. of dekhnā) (= dikhālǹa and U. H. dikhānā and dikhlānā), to show.-P.

Dikhiyā, s.f.= dikhāī, appearance: dikhiyā deñā, to appear, v. intr.-P.

Dil, s.m. heart (in all senses of the word, literal and metaphysical); the interior (so stomach, etc.).- Per. U. P.

Din, s.m. a day (meaning both a natural day, as opposed to night, and also the period of 24 hours).-H. U. P.

Dīn, s.m. religion, faith (especially the outward as contrasted with īmān !.) -Per. A. U.

Dindā, -ī, pres. part. of deñā, ' to give,' giving (v. Gram.).—P.

Dio, 2nd pl. imperat. of denā, 'give ye' (v. Gram.).—P.

Dittā, -ī, past part. pass. of deǹā (=S. datta), given.-P.

Diwā, s.m. a lamp (especially a very small clay lamp like a little saucer with a spout quite open at the top, with a wick lying in it and projecting at the spout; mustard oil is usually burned in it).-P.

Diwakhi, s.f. a lamp-stand.-P.

Do, num. adj. m.f. two; obl. case doha and dona.-H. U. P.

Dodilā, -i, adj. m.f. (do+dil) two-hearted, doubtful, timid, cowardly.-P.

Doha, obl. case of do, q.v.

Dohi, s.f. (Hind. also duhai and dohai), complaint, appeal: us di dohi phiri, every

one appealed to him.-H. P.

Dohrā, s.m. a couplet, distich (consisting of two equal rhyming lines).—H. P. Dono, adj. num. m.f. both, all two (U. H. for P. dowē).

Dowē, num. adj. m.f. both.-P.

Duā, s.f. (corr. fr. A. Per. U. Les) prayer: kise te dua karnī or mangǹī, to pray

to any one.

Duāunā, v.tr. (caus. of deǹā, = U. H. dilānā), to cause to give.-P.

Duhi, num. adj. m.f. = do; duhi pahir=U. H. do pahr, the 2nd watch, about midday.-P.

Dūjā, -ī, num. adj. m.f. second (=U. H. dūsrā, -î).—P.

Dukh, s.m. pain, ache, suffering (S. duhkha).-H. U. P.

Dukh, s.m. (Old H. for dukh).

Dukhī, adj. m.f. suffering, pained, grieved.-H. P.

Ṛūm, s.m. a gipsy; name of a caste-some of whom are Hindūs and some Muḥammadans-who are strolling musicians and scavengers, etc.; they are of the same race as the European gipsies, as the name (Rom) of the latter shows (H. dom).-P.

Dunia, s.f. the world, this world (as opposed to the next), [corr. fr. A. U.

.P-. [ دنيا

Dūr, adj. m.f. and s.f. far, distant; distance.-Per. U. P.

Dusman, s.m. (corr. fr. Per. U.), enemy.-P.

Dust, adj. m.f. bad, wicked, depraved (S. dushṭa).-P.

E.

-e,

intensive termination, like H. U. -i or hi; (e.g. ape~T)—P.

Eh, dem. adj. m.f. pl. nom. of ih (v. Gram.), these.-P.

Ekamkār, s.m. a title of the Deity (strictly the saying of ekam,' Sansk. neut. s. = one, i.e. Sk. ekam evādwitīyam, there is one Being quite without a second,' denying the distinction between God and the Universe).—P. Emanābād,

Emanawad, P. name of a town and district (‘ilāqa).

F.

This letter does not occur in Panjābī, as its sound is entirely foreign. When f() occurs in a Per. or Ar. word introduced into Panjābī, it is changed into ph. Some pronounce pher and a few other words as if they began with ƒ (fer), but this is entirely wrong.

G.

Gal, s.m. the neck, throat (U. a); kise de gaļ dā hār hoǹā, to cling to one, to importune, tease; persist in quarrelling with any one; overpower any one with kindness; gaļ mālā, s.f. necklace, garland for the neck.-P.

Galh, s.f. the cheek (U. J).-P.

Gall, s.f. word (=both and in U.), thing.-P.

Gaļmālā, s.f. v. sub Gaļ.

Garanj, adj. m.f. displeased, angry (H. garajna, to growl, roar, thunder).-P.

Gardhab, s.m. (H. gardabh), an ass (=U. ).—P.

Garīb, adj. m.f. (A., also Per. U.), poor, humble, tame, meek, lowly.-P. Garm, adj. m.f. warm, hot.-Per. U. P.

Garmi, s.f. warmth, heat.-Per. U. P.

Gat, s.f. (S. gati), course, conduct; end; destiny, fate; state, condition; transmigration, absorption into the deity (=mukti in this sense).—H. P. Gāunā, v. tr. (H. U. gānā), to sing.-P.

Gawāḍhī, s.m. a neighbour.-P.

Gawan (Braj for gaman), s.m. going, approach; gait; tīrath gawan, act of going to a holy bathing-place.

Ghabraunā, v. intr. to be disturbed in mind, astonished, dismayed (U. H. ghabrānā).-P.

Ghar, s.m. (S. griham, n.) house, dwelling.-H. U. P.

Ghar dā, one of one's house or family, a relative.—P.

Gharabh, s.m. womb, foetus, conception, pregnancy: gharabh wichch āuñā, to be conceived.-H. P.

Gharānā, s.m. a household, family (U. H. gharānā).—P.

Gharbar, s.m. family, household, house and all that dwell in it.-P.

Gharī, s.f. a period of 24 minutes; a watch, clock: ghaṛīku, about 24 minutes (v. Gram. § 2, note, p. 13).

Gharwar, s.m. another form of gharbār, q.v.—P.

(1) Ghāt, s.m. murder, slaughter: ghāt karnā (kise nũ), v. tr. to murder.-P.

(2) Ghat, s.f. lying in wait, ambush: ghat launī, to set snares, to lie in ambush.

-H. P.

Ghattǹā, v. tr. to throw, cast, put, drop into.-P.

Ghora, s.m. a horse.-H. U. P.

Giā, m. gaī, f. p. part. of jānā, to go (v. Irr. Verbs).-P.

Ginti, s.f. counting, number (also giñat).-H. U. P.

Girast, girist, s.m. position and privileges of a householder or married man (S. grihasta).-P.

Giristī, 8.m. a householder, secular person (as distinct from a faqir).—P. Gorakhnath, s.m, name of a celebrated Hindu ascetic with whom Gurū Nānak is said to have had a controversy. Gorakhnath founded the sect of Kannpātās (q.v.).

Gost, s.f. conversation, talk, interview (S. goshți, H. Mar. gosht).-P.

Got, s.m. a clan or division of a caste.-H. P.

Granth, s.m. a book; especially the sacred book of the Sikhs, the Adi Granth; the Sikhs in speaking of it always append the title "Sahib."-H. P. Granthi, s.m. a scribe (N. T.); a granthi or Sikh minister, whose duty it is to read (and when possible to explain) the Granth.—P,

Guāunā, v. tr. to waste, squander.-P.

Gubind, s.m, (H. Govind), a name of Krishňa: Gubind lok, a Hindū ascetic

sect. Gujar, s.f. livelihood, means of living (Per. root of the verb) (corr. for guzar).-P.

Gujarnā, v. intr. to pass by, to elapse (U. ).-P.

Gun (S. guña), s.m. quality, virtue; skill; cause, method; merit.-H. P.

Guni, s.m. and adj. a saint, virtuous man; virtuous.—H. P.

Gupt, adj. m.f. (orig. past part. S. gupta), hidden.-H. P.

Gur, s.m. (v. sub. gurū).—P,

Guriai, 8.f. guru-ship, office of a gurũ (q.v.).—P.

Gurmukh, s.m. a disciple of a guru, a pious man, one who learns from the mouth of a guru; Gurmukhi, belonging to the mouth of the Guru-the Panjabi alphabet is so called because (wrongly) supposed to have been invented by Guru Nanak.-P.

Gurparsād, s.m. a title of the deity (in the Granth it is gurprasādi=gurprasādya, Gurprasad, i.e. kind Teacher,' 'beneficent Guru,' fr. gur + prasad, kindness, etc.)-P.

Gur,s.m. a religious teacher, spiritual guide. (This word in the Granth is Guru, often a title of the Deity as the one only true Guide, but often the

human guru, e.g. Nanak, is supposed to be identical with Him, hence the term is applied to the human teacher.) Gurū karnā, to act the guru.—H, P. Gurumat, s.f. method or conduct or religion of a gurū (gurū+mati).—H. P. Gussa, adj. m. and s.m. angry; anger, wrath (A. U. a): gussā khānā, to be angry, feel anger.-P.

H.

Hã, adv. yea, yes.—U. H. P.

Hã, 1st sing. and 1st pl. pres. indic. of Hona, 'to be' (=U., ), I am, we are; v. Gram.

Hāhukā, s.m. a sigh; hāhukā laiñā, to sigh.—P.

Hairan, adj. m.f. astonished, thunderstruck, perplexed (corr. fr. A. U. „hí).— U. Per. P.

Hairānagi, s.f. confusion, wonder, astonishment, bewilderment (for Per. U.

.P .(حیرانی

Hajār, num. adj. m.f. and s.m. one thousand (corr. fr. Per. l, U.;).—P.
Hal, s.m. (A. U. Per. J), state, condition; narrative.

Hanjir, s.f. a fig (corr. fr. U.).—P.

Hankar, s.m. pride, egotism (in H. hankar means 'bawling').-H. P.

.-Per. U. P.

Har, adj. m.f. every, each; harek, every one.—

Har, s.m. a mountain-torrent.—P.

Hār, s.m. a garland (for neck or head).-H. U. P.

Harh, s.m.=har, q.v. - P.

Hari, s.m. a name of the god Vishnu [generally used by the Sikhs (cf. Rām) as

an appellation of the Deity].-H. P.

Hassia, v.intr. to laugh (=U. H. hāsnā).—P.

Hațǹā, v.intr. to return, come back; get out of the way.—H. P.

Hathth, s.m. (U. H. hath), the hand; a cubit; hathth aunā, to come to hand, be found.-P.

Hayat Kha, s.m. name of a Musalman whose daughter was Guru Nanak's second wife.

He, interj. O (used with subs. in voc.) U. Per. ; in H. e, and so now pronounced in the Panjāb).-P.

Heth, postp. with or without de, under.-P.

Hetho, postp. and adv. from under; underneath.-P.

Hi, adv. part. (adds emphasis), even, just; (with pres. part. of verbs, e.g. dekhde hi, immediately on seeing').-H. U. P.

Hikk, num. adj. (vulg. and provincial for ikk, q.v.), one.-P.

Hin, postp. (with or without te), devoid of, without (also used as an affix=less, as balhin, without strength).-H. P.

Hindū, s.m. a Hindu. (In India this word has only one sense, and that a religious one; it does not mean ‘an inhabitant of Hindūstān,' but ‘a believer in Hinduism.')—H. P.