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We obferve that Dr. Wells has had occafion to publish a detached paper in reply to Dr. Darwin; and we hope in good time to fee another edition of this tract, enlarged by the new experiments contained in that paper, and by farther refearches.-Should fuch an edition appear at a period of lefs agitation, we fhall endeavour to compenfate for the generality of thefe obfervations, by a complete fummary of the facts with which Dr. Wells has enriched an interefting but too much neglected science. Bed.

Art. 32. A Summary of the pneumato-chemical Theory, with a Table of its Nomenclature, intended as an Analysis of the New London Pharmacopoeia. By Robert White, M. D. 12mo. 15. Cadell jun. and Davies.

The publication of this appendix, we think, is judicious; and we doubt not that the purchasers of the Analyfts will coincide with us. Do Art. 33. Rules for recovering Perfons recently drowned, in a Letter to the Rev. Geo. Rogers, A. M. 8vo. 6d. Longman. Thefe rules are laid down in a letter figned R. Hamilton. They feem to be chiefly taken from Mr. Coleinan; and of course they depend on the conclufivenefs of Mr. C.'s reafonings. What is here faid of the inflation of the lungs is not fufficient, in our opinion, to direct unprofeffional people on this important point. Exceptions, too, may be taken to paffages in Dr. H.'s rationale: particularly to his unfa vourable fentiments concerning bronchotomy. This operation would afford the moft certain means of inflating the lungs; and its inexpedience has by no means been demonftrated.

Do Art. 34. A brief View of the Anatomical Arguments for the Doctrine of Materialism, occafioned by Dr. Ferriar's Arguments against it, by W. Tatterfall, M. D. 8vo. IS. Johnfon.

Some of our readers will perhaps remember our obfervation on Dr. Ferriar's arguments. It is quoted and corroborated by the prefent writer. Dr. T. retorts fome of his adverfary's introductory remarks with great addrefs: but we object to the following imputation as unjustifiably fevere; fome of the introductory obfervations look like artifices ufed with an interested or incompetent jury, in order to befpeak a favourable verdict.'

The impreffion made on us by Dr. F.'s manner was, that he had determined to try what could be deduced from a certain feries of facts, and that he would not pertinaciously adhere to his inference, when the fallacy was fairly expofed. The fequel may fhew whether our furmife was well-founded or otherwife. Meanwhile, we must confider Dr. Tatterfall as having the better part of the controversy; and we think that readers interested in the subject will find satisfaction in the perufal of his effay.

THEOLOGY, POLEMICS, &c.

Art. 35. A Charge delivered to the Clergy of the Diocese of London,
at the Vifitation of that Diocefe in the Year 1794. By Beilby
Lord Bishop of London. 8vo. IS. Rivingtons.
The good fenfe, the candid fpirit, and the well-tempered zeal for

1794

* Monthly Review, New Series, vol. xiii. p. 182.

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the interests of religion and virtue, which have marked the Bishop of London's former publications, as well as the lefs important merit of chafte and manly eloquence by which they have always been diftinguished, will be found, without any abatement, in the prefent excellent charge. With every appearance of unaffected folicitude for the credit and utility of the church in which his Lordship holds fo diftinguished a station, the addrefs opens with seasonable and judicious advice relating to Sunday fchools, the augmentation of the falaries of affiftant curates, and refidence on benefices. Having ftated a few particulars on each of these topics, his Lordship proceeds to a fubject of more general importance, the prefent ftate of religion in foreign countries; the influence which it may have on the principles and morals of this land; and the new duties and obligations which this novel fituation of the Christian world brings along with it refpecting the clergy.

This worthy prelate is too enlightened not to fee, and too wife not to acknowledge, the danger which hangs over the prefent religious eftablishment from the fpirit of infidelity which is gone abroad in the world. He states to his Clergy, without difguife, the important fact that a fet of men, under the title of philofophers, having for nearly half a century affailed the gofpel with all the powers of wit, genius, eloquence, ridicule, calumny, and invective, have at length rifen to fuch confequence, as to establish a regular fyftem and school of infidelity on the continent; have avowed their grand object to be the extirpation of Christianity from the earth, and the substitution of philofophy in its room; and, to the astonishmment of all the world, have actually found means in one part of Europe to carry this most fingular project (to a certain degree) into execution. For the particulars of the doctrines of this new fect, the clergy are referred to the writings of those great leaders, Helvetius, Voltaire, d'Alembert, d'Argens, and Raynal; and above all, to that recent, most curious, and moft authentic publication, the pofthumous works of the late illuftrious King of Pruffia. This latter work his Lordship confiders as the grand code, the opus magnum of infidelity; and he refers the reader to it, from a perfect conviction that there can hardly be a more effectual antidote to modern philofophy, than a perufal of the wretched fophiftry, the opprobrious ridicule, and the fhameful profligacy of this very book. The denial of a Providence, of the exiftence of a foul diftinct from the body, and of a state of retribution, is ftated as the leading feature of this philofophy. Even the Deifm of these philofophers is faid to differ little from atheism; their Deity being nothing more than the intelligent principle that animates all nature, the fource of life and motion, the fenforium of the univerfe: but in other refpects totally unconnected with this earth and its inhabitants, having no kind of direction or fuperintendance over them, and as little disturbed (these are their own words) at what may happen to them, as with what may happen to an ant-hill which the foot of the traveller may crush, unperceived by himself.

The Bishop of London entertains no apprehenfions of the introduction of atheism into this country: but he is aware that the public rejection of Christianity, by the governing part, at leaft, of a country fo near to our own, may be attended with fome danger left our people fhould catch the contagion of infidelity from their neighbours.

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When we hear them (as we did repeatedly under their first rulers) representing our religion as a grofs and palpable impofture; loading it with the most opprobrious appellations; treating it with every poffible mark of ignominy and infult; and holding up its divine Author, his laws, his ordinances, his inftitutions, his minifters, and his altars, to univerfal abhorrence and contempt; when we know that these bitter invectives against revelation have been circulated in the pub. lications of the day, through every town and every village in this ifland, can we fuppofe it poffible that all this fhould have made no unfavour able impreffions on the minds of the people, efpecially of the illiterate, the ignorant, and the uninformed; that it fhould not have corrupted the religious principles of fome, who were before untainted; that it should not have confirmed the infidelity of others that were wavering and irrefolute; and that it should not have leffened in ftill more, that refpect, that reverence, that veneration for their Maker, their Redeemer, their religion, and every thing connected with it, which they had before been accustomed to entertain?'

In order to prevent the progrefs of infidelity, this judicious and liberal prelate neither calls for thunder from Heaven, nor for the fword of the civil magiftrate, but exhorts the clergy to pay more than ordinary attention to their inftruction of the people in the great fundamental truths of religion; and, from thofe excellent treatifes in defence of revelation with which our language abounds, to draw out the principal and most striking arguments, and to caft them into a more popu lar form, adapted to the understandings of the common people. If these were thrown into a regular courfe of fermons, or lectures, his Lordship is of opinion that nothing, in these philofophical times, would render a more effential fervice to religion, nor tend more to preferve the principles of the people uncorrupted and unfhaken by those most pernicious and dangerous publications, which there is too much reafon to apprehend will very foon be diffeminated, with dreadful induftry and activity, through every quarter of this island.

We much admire the general fpirit of this charge, and only regret that his Lordship's zeal against modern philofophers has led him to adopt a kind of language which may be easily mistaken for, what he certainly never intended, an invective against philofophy itfelf. When the Bishop fpeaks of Chriflianity and philofophy as parties fairly at iffue together, and boafts of the triumph of religion over philofophy in the prefent ftate of this country compared with that of France, he can only refer to that fyftem of which he speaks in the former part of his charge under the appellation the thing called philofophy, and not to that true philofophy which has been fo juftly an object of admiration among wife men in every age-and of which Cicero fo truly as well as eloquently fays: O vitæ philofophia dux, o virtutis indagatrix, expultrixque vitiorum, quid non modo nos, fed omnino vita hominum fine te effe potuiffet ?

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Art. 36. A Letter to James White Efq. of Exeter, on the late Correspondence between him and Mr. Toulmin, relative to the Society of Unitarian Chriftians, eftablished in the Weft of England. By John Kentish. 8vo. 1s. Johnfon. 1794.

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As friends to truth, peace, and liberty, we ever behold with regret that kind of contention to which this pamphlet relates. It is far too feldom that advocates for freedom uniformly maintain confiftency of conduct. Mr. White's feclufion of his Diffenting brethren from the place of worship in which they had been accustomed annually to meet, although they might differ from him in opinion, and without aligning any reafon for fuch feclufion, bears the appearance of a peremptory and ungenerous fpirit:-but it is not for us to enter into the difpute: we judge merely from the letter before us. We have only to obferve that it is well-written, and proves the author to be quali 'fied for fuch a difcuffion.-That he fhould find himself hurt by the treatment which he and his friends received, is to be expected; yet his performance, while it difcovers good fenfe and fpirit, indicates also a mind difpofed to moderation and liberality: though some phrases appear rather too pointed and too strong. Hi. Art. 37. Three Difcourfes, delivered at the Ordination of the Rev. Daniel Fleming, at Nuneaton in Warwickshire, August 6, 1793. On the Nature of an Ordination, by the Rev. Edward Williams, D.D. Diligence in the Chriftian Miniftry, by the Rev. George Burder: And on the Duties of a Chriftian Church, by the Rev. Thomas Saunders. 8vo. 6d. Button. 1793.

These discourses are short and pertinent: that they are animated by a calvinistic fpirit may be concluded from their having been delivered in a chapel of the Independents. The first effay contains remarks on the fubject of ordination, well worthy of notice; and the tracts or fermons that follow prefent many exhortations of a fenfible and practical nature, which may be ufefully perufed by perfons of different fentiments.

MODERN PROPHECY.

Art. 38. A revealed Knowlege of the Prophecies and Times. BOOK THE FIRST. Wrote under the Direction of the Lord God, and published by his facred Command; it being the First Sign of Warning for the Benefit of all Nations. Containing, with other great and remarkable Things, not revealed to any other Perjon on Earth, the Reitoration of the HEBREWS to Jerufalem by the Year 1798, under this revealed PRINCE and PROPHET. 8vo. pp. 71. Diftributed gratis by the Author, but fold by fome Bookfellers. London: in the Year of Chrift 1794.

The perufal of the above copy of the title-page of this much noticed publication will fave us the trouble of reviewing the contents. Indeed none but a brother of Mr. BROTHERS, (the author,) would dare to undertake the task. The writer dates from No. 57, PaddingtonStreet: but we understand, by the news-papers, that he has been removed, by AUTHORITY.

Art. 39. A revealed Knowlege of the Prophecies and Times; particularly of the prefent Time, the prefent War, and the Prophecy now fulfilling. The Year of the World 5913. BOOK THE SECOND. Containing, with other great and remarkable Things, not revealed to any other Perfon on Earth, the fudden and perpetual Fall of the Turkish, German, and Ruffian Empires. Wrote

under

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under the Direction of the Lord God, and published by his facred Command; it being a Second Sign of Warning, for the Benefit of all Nations; by the Man that will be revealed to the IEBREWS as their PRINCE and PROPHET. London, printed in the Year of Chrift 1794. 8vo. pp. 101. Diftributed as above.

We must again refer cur readers to the title-page, which fufficiently fpeaks for itfelf, and will be confidered as its own belt expofitor: but they muft confult the fubjequent pages of the two pamphlets for the manner in which Mr. B. is there made out to be the " nephew of God." There is, however, one circumftance in the hiftory of thefe myfterious publications, which ftrikes us as worthy of explanation, if explanation can be procured.-It is reported, with credibility, that Mr. B., (a perfon in no affluent fituation,) has given away a great number of his pamphlets, the expence of which, for paper and printing, muft have amounted to a confiderable fum.-How came he, who was lately refident in a receptacle for paupers, (of which we shall say more in a following article,) poffeffed of money fufficient for this purpofe? Could he find means to raise it on his half-pay, as a navy lieutenant or has he been fupplied by means unknown? Time, perhaps, will produce the difcovery; which may prove of more importance than Good men would think;" as Dr. Hill occafionally faid in the advertisements of his noftrums,

Art. 40. Teftimony of the Authenticity of the Prophecies of Richard Brothers, and of his Miffion to recall the Jews. By Nathaniel Braffey Halhed, M. P. 8vo. 15. Symonds. 1795.

Here is a phænomenon of a complexion very different from that which has been prefented to our view by the two foregoing publications. Mr. Brothers has no pretenfions to literature:-but to fee a gentleman eminent for his mental abilities, and extenfive attainments in claffical, and particularly in oriental, literature and fcience; to behold fuch a man a convert to the unparalleled reveries of the prophet of Paddington, is an object of fuch novel appearance, that we are almost at a lofs for words to exprefs our furprife, and, indeed, concern, on the occafion! What a ftrange alliance is here between knowlege, tafte, wit,-and ignorance, infatuation, and, perhaps, infanity-Mr. Pope, in fumming up the incongruities and failings of Mr. Addifon, with refpect to that mifunderstanding which at one time fubfifted between these two accomplished votaries of the Muse, fays:

"Who would not laugh, if fuch a man there be?
"Who would not weep, if Atticus were he ?"

In the extraordinary cafe before us, there is no room for laughter: but who would not weep indeed, if fuch a man as the author of the prefent tract were really in the fituation which every one of his readers muft imagine, who knows that he is ferious in the avowal of his firm belief in the prophecies and pretenfions of Richard Brothers!

Mr. H. has prefixed to his teftimony a Letter from Mr. Brothers, addreffed to him in the folemn tone and ftyle of an infpired TEACHER, acting under the exprefs authority of a divine miffion, commanded to denounce the judgments of Heaven on devoted nations, and fending forth difciples to instruct and admonish the ignorant and the finful

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