novel, relating to the aspect of Mormonism since the Pacific Railway has rendered it easy to visit and to get away from the City of the Saints. The new order of things in Utah has made it imperative to return a speedy and definite answer to the old inquiry: What shall be done with the Mormons ?' I have supplied material wherewith to frame the reply which must be given, and I have indicated the form in which I think the reply may most appropriately be couched. CHAP. XIX. SACRAMENTO CITY TO THE GOLDEN GATE XX. THE QUEEN CITY OF THE PACIFIC COAST XXI. THE TIGERS' AND CHINESE IN SAN FRANCISCO MAP SHOWING THE LINES OF RAIL BETWEEN THE ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC, WITH SECTION CF THE PACIFIC RAILWAY to face Title-page WESTWARD BY RAIL I. FROM THE MERSEY TO THE HUDSON. BEFORE ARRIVING at the station, it is sometimes necessary to pass through an ordeal as trying as any encountered during the course of an expedition by rail. The distance to be traversed, the character of the conveyance, the space of time within which to catch the train, are considerations which have all to be taken into account, and of which each may contribute something towards rendering the traveller anxious and uncomfortable. My preliminary journey was neither short nor easy. Prior to travelling Westward by Rail,' I had to traverse three thousand miles of a stormy ocean, and undergo the chances and changes incident to a voyage extending over ten weary days. By many persons a trip across the Atlantic is regarded as a commonplace and uninteresting excursion. According to them, it is as much a thing of everyday occurrence as the passage of the Channel or a sail up the Rhine. It is true that, with a memorable and immortal exception, a narrative of a voyage to America has ceased to inspire universal and abiding interest. The unknown sea has been transformed into the ocean highway. Yet to those who make the voyage for the first time, the sensation is as novel and impressive as it was to the daring mariners who unveiled the mysteries of an unexplored deep, and dazzled mankind with the spectacle of a new world. In the hope of noting a few particulars not wholly devoid of general interest, I venture to repeat what is in the main an old and a hackneyed tale. About nine o'clock one Saturday morning, towards the end of August 1869, I formed one of a group on the deck of the tender Satellite, which was to convey the passengers for New York from the Prince's Landing-stage to the Cunard steamer China, lying at anchor in the Mersey. On an other tender the luggage was being piled up without delay. Porters, staggering under the weight of huge trunks, portmanteaus, and leathern bags, followed each other in rapid succession. This was no new sight, but it differed in one respect from everything of the sort which I had witnessed elsewhere. Nearly every passenger seemed to be the |