Indians, near the head of the Ottahwa River, 2,500; the Algonquins, near the above, 300; the Nipissins, near the above also, 400. St. Laurence Indians, on the back of Nova Scotia, &c., the Chalas, 130; the Amelistes, 550; the Michmacks, 700. The Abenaquis, 350. The Conawaghrunas, near the falls of St. Lewis, 200 total amount, 58,930. This being the whole number of men fit for bearing arms, from hence we may be enabled to form some idea of the number of all the Indian inhabitants, men, women and children, on the continent of North America; which calculation, however, I am ready to confess can be but rather a vague conjecture. mis, on the Misamis river, falling into Lake Erie and the Miniamis, 350. The upper Creeks, back of Georgia, the middle Creeks, behind West Florida, the lower Creeks, in East Florida, 4,000. The Caouitas, on the east of the river Alibamous, 700; the Alibamous, on the west of the Alibamous, 600; the Akansaws, on the Akansaw river falling into the Mississippi on the west side, 2,000; the Ajoues, north of the Missouri, 1,000; the Paddoucas, west of the Mississippi, 500. South of the Missouri, the white Panis, 2,000; the freckled or pricked Panis, 2,000; the Canses, 1,600; the Osages, 600; the Grandes Eaux, 1,000. The Missouri, upon the river Missouri, 3,000. Towards the heads of the Mississippi, the Sioux of the woods, 1,800; the Sioux of the meadows, 2,500. The Blancs, Barbus, or White Indians with beards, 1,500. Far north near the lakes of the same name, the Assiniboils, 1,500; the Christaneaux, 3,000. The Ouiscansins, on a river of that name that falls into the Mississippi on the east side, 550. South of Puans Bay, the Mascoutens, 500; the Sakis, 400; the Mechecouakis, 250. Near Pucans Bay, Folle Avoine, or the Wildout Indians, 350; the Pucans, It is a most melancholy consideration to reflect, 700. The Powtewatamis, near St. Joseph's River, that these few are all that remain of the many miland Detroit, 350; the Messesagues, or River Indians, lions of natives, or aboriginal inhabitants with which being wandering tribes on the Lakes Huron and Su- this vast continent was peopled when first discovered perior, 2,000. Near the Lakes Superior and Michi- by the whites; and that even these will soon be exgan, the Ottahwas, 900; the Chipwas, 5,000. The tinct and totally annihilated, considering the amaWiandots, near Lake Erie, 300; the Six Nations, or zingly rapid depopulation they have hitherto expeas the French call them, the Iroquois, on the fron-rienced, since that (to them) fatal period or era of the tiers of New York, &c., 1,500; the Round-headed first arrival of the whites in America." There being 58,930 warriors, it is computed that about one-third of the same number more are old men unfit for bearing arms, which makes the number of males come to maturity amount to about 88,570; and multiplied by six will produce 531,420, which I consider as the whole number of souls, viz. men, women and children, of all the Indian nations that are come in any degree within our knowledge throughout the continent of North America. The Ottawa district is situate in the rear of the its population, cultivation, stock, &c., were as follows Eastern, bordering on the south shore of the river in 1835. * District assessment of one penny in the pound for 1835, 3081.; number of rateable inhabitants, 883. proportion of males to females is very trifling, and the inhabitants under 16 years of age, are within 62 of the same amount as those above that period of life. The proportion of stock in the district is small, compared with other parts of the country. The Ottawa district is thinly settled; the lands are good, but low and marshy. Along the Rideau canal cultivation is being extended; and as cultivation increases, those very lands which are now considered useless marshy soils, will become the most fertile sections of the country. There are nearly 18 acres Johnstown District, lies along the St. Lawrence of area rateable to each individual, of which somewhat river to the westward of the Ottawa and Eastern Dismore than two acres are cultivated by each. The districts. The Rideau canal passes through it. JOHNSTOWN DISTRICT CENSUS, 1835. Grand total 7344 7483 6622 7055 28504 331134 81813 3898 3510 9649 3179 £329346 The soil in Johnstown is generally good, and it is advantageously situated. There are about 14 acres of land rated to each individual, of which there are nearly three acres of cultivated to each mouth. The number of people under 16 years of age, exceed by 1,150 those above that age. This proportion of children to adults is a striking feature in all new countries; it would appear to be an effort of nature to fill up a vacuum. To accomplish this, it has been frequently observed that the proportion of female births exceeds those of males; in Upper Canada this does not seem at present to be the case, but the period for the necessity of such a law may be past, and a due proportion of males to females required. Certain it is, that there are as fixed laws relative to male and female products in every class of creation in reference to increase and decrease, as there are in the more apparent laws of matter and motion. We have not yet, perhaps, a sufficiency of facts generalized, to indicate fully those laws; but the statistics now collecting in various countries, will, it is hoped, enable us to solve this interesting, and in many respects important problem, in the history of civilization. The townships on the Ottawa, N.W. of Bathurst district, are in much request: lumberers now go 150 miles beyond Lake Chat; and, as the Ottawa has few rapids to the northward, towards its junction with Lake Nipissing, we may command a shorter communication between Montreal and Georgiana Bay, and Lake Huron, than that we now have through Lakes Ontario, Erie, and the Detroit, with the great additional advantage of its being beyond the threats of the American Government. A great part of this district is colonized by Highland and Lowland Scotchmen, whose prudent, thrifty habits admirably fit them for emigrants. Here we find the proportion of females to males doubled, although the numbers above 16 and under 16 years of age are nearly equal. There are upwards of 18 acres of rateable land to each mouth, and more than 2 acres cultivated; but the proportion of hands cultivating 57,197 acres is very small, namely, 2,855 men, i. e. 20 acres to each person, The District on the north bounded by the river Ottawa, is called the Bathurst District. Census in 1835. .. 150 348 671 183 19009 191 331 840 193 27690 172 363 799 332 21417 8 66 95 2747 1 18 45 61 1398 45 252 379 194 11824 16 97 115 52 4659 104 304 644 276 18445 120 401 631 249 20254 4 39 50 26 1536 9 43 62 25 3460 820 2262 4331 1591 132439 Grand Total 5630 5690 5955 5618 22693 353361 57197 1536 3332 6541 2586 216183 The next division as we proceed westward, is the | long and extensive tract called the Midland District, whose base or southern extremity rests on the St. Lawrence and Lake Ontario, in the parallel of 44° S. latitude, while its northern boundary extends to 46.30, and is terminated on the N.E. by the Ottawa river. These five districts may be considered as forming the eastern section of the province, and present generally a moderately-elevated table land declining towards its numerous water courses. The timber of the forests is large and lofty, and of every variety. The soil, though moist and marshy in many places, is extremely rich, consisting chiefly of a brown clay and yellow loam, admirably adapted to the growth of wheat and every species of grain: the rivers and lakes are extremely numerous; of the former may be mentioned as most conspicuous the Rideau, Petite Nation, Mississippi and Madawaska, which have their sources far in the interior, generally to the westward, and which fall into the Ottawa: the Gannanoqui, Raisin, Cataraqui, Napanee, Salmon, Moira, and part of the Trent discharge themselves into the Bay of Quinté and the St. Lawrence. These streams, besides fertilizing the lands through which they meander, afford, in general, convenient inland communications, and turn numerous grist, carding, fulling, and saw mills. Besides numerous inferior lakes there are the Rideau, Gannanoqui, White (Henderson's), Mud, Devil, Indian, Clear, Irish, Loughborough, Mississippi, Olden, Clarendon, Barrie, Stoke, Marmora, Collins, Blunder, Angus, and Ossinicon. There are many roads throughout the section; the principal one is along the St. Lawrence, between Montreal and Kingston, traversing Cornwall and Lancaster, through which a line of stage coaches run daily (except Sundays) between the two provinces when steam-boats cannot traverse. Kingston, the maritime capital of Upper Canada, has to the westward the fine Quinté tract in a prosperous state of cultivation. Bytown, in Nepean, on the south bank of the Ottawa, is most picturesquely situate; as is also Kinnel Lodge, the romantic residence of the highland chieftain, M'Nab, on the broad, bold, and abrupt shore of the lake of Chats. Perth is a thriving village in the township of Drummond, on a branch of the Rideau, occupying a central position between the Ottawa and St. Lawrence. Grand Total. 11797 11169 12832 10887 46685 356414 187336 8501 4735 17662 5138 679663 The central section of Upper Canada embraces the large districts of Newcastle and Home, with a frontage of 120 miles along Lake Ontario, in 44.30. latitude, and stretching back northerly to the Ottawa, Nipissing Lake, and French river in 46.30. N. latitude. The progressive settlement of the country is exemplified in the following return of the population of the Home District, since 1791. In 1799, 224; 1800, 1.027; 1801, 2,288; 1802, 3,370; 1803, 3,328; 1804, 3,373; 1805, 3,784; (1806, No return;) 1807, 4,398; (1808, No return;) 1809, 6,171; (1810 to 1816, No returns ;) 1817, 7,230; 1818, 8,450; 1819, 9,380; 1820, 10,833; 1821, 12,845; 1822, 13,870; 1823, 14,877; 1824, 16,461; 1825, 17,732; 1826, 19,670; 1827, 21,329; 1828, 22,927; 7829, 25,093; 1830, 28,565; 1831, 32,841; 1832, 40,650; 1833, 47,650; 1834, ; 1835, 47,543; 1836, 53,875.-Toronto Cou rier. The division and statistics of Newcastle are thus 4355 3997 5055 4107 17519* 246455 61302 2072 2495 5151 2082 220851 27835 10531 494 323 863 213 41515 645 646 796 652 2739 10468 799 21 101 150 50 4001 6244 199 307 452 173 17015 5686 200 291 560 193 21287 3351 3190 3425 2757 12726* 188061 371121247 1880 3546 1185 135673 7706 7187 8480 6864 30245 434516 98414 3319 4375 8697 3267 356524 These totals include 43 insane persons, and 61 persons deaf and dumb. The soil throughout this large district is in general good, and though the population is large compared with other districts, there is yet abundance of room for more settlers. It is well watered by the Rice, Balsam, Trout, and other lakes, and by the Otanabee rivers, part of the Trent, &c. Rice Lake, in the district of Newcastle, about 15 miles from Lake Ontario, and lying nearly S. W. and N. E., is 25 miles long by 5 wide. Its name is derived from the wild rice growing on its margin and surrounding marshes. The principal river on the North British shore of Ontario, is the Trent, which issuing out of Red Lake, after a very winding course of 100 miles, falls into the Bay of Quinté, near the village of Sidney. The Otanabee, which falls into the north shore of Rice Lake, may be considered a continuation of the Trent River, of which the Rice Lake is merely an expansion, as is often the case in the American rivers. The Otanabee, like the Trent, is a broad and full river, and both are navigable for boats. From its source in Trout Lake, it communicates by a chain of lakes with Lake Simcoe, through which it is proposed to open a canal communication between Lakes Huron and Ontario. The extensive territory adjoining Newcastle, with its N. W. extremity resting on Georgiana Bay (an inlet of Lake Huron), is termed the Home District, it contains the capital of Upper Canada, Toronto (late called York). The central section of Upper Canada does not fall short in fertility of either the east or west portions of the province; it is well watered, the Nottawasaga, Holland, Muskethsebé, Beaver, Talbot, and Black Rivers fall into Lake Simcoe; the Credit, Etobicoke, Humber, and Don Rivers, flow into Lake Ontario. There are excellent roads throughout the section; a canal is projected through the Home District, to connect Lakes Huron and Ontario. Toronto, the capital, is rapidly improving; in 1833, its population was— males above 16, 2,597; males under 16, 1,404; total males, 4,001; females above 16, 2,155; females under 16, 1,317; total females, 3,472. In the suburbsMacauley Town, 558; from Osgoodehall, where Macauley Town ends, to Farr's brewery, Lot-street, 400; from the eastward of King-street to the Don Bridge, taking in all about the windmill, 300, making a grand total of 8,731. In 1836, the return gives males, 4,793; females, 4,861; total, 9,654. This I presume to be exclusive of the liberties of the city. The physical aspect of the shores of Ontario exhibits great diversity, towards the N. E. they are low, with swampy marshes; to the N. and N. W., the |