published under the sUPERINTENDence of the society
FOR THE Diffusion of useful KNOWLEDGE.

LONDON:

BALDWIN AND CRADOCK, PATERNOSTER-ROW.

MDCCCXXXIV.

1834

CONTENTS.

INTRODUCTION.

AGRICULTURE, the importance, pleasures, profits, and independence of its practice as a

profession-Ancient English Gardening-Eminent Farmers-Sketch of the husbandry

of England from the time of the Romans to the Norman Conquest-Value of Land at

that period-Doomsday-book-Animals of the chase-Laws against poaching-Fox-

hunting in the time of Edward I.-Monkish orders-Manners of the People in the 14th

century-S
-State of property and household accommodation of the higher Orders-State

of agriculture at that period, and its progress to the reign of Queen Elizabeth-Style of

living among Farmers-State of cultivation in the time of Cromwell-Introduction of

the Drill Husbandry-Condition of the Roads, and manner of travelling-Farming in

England during the last century, and its improvement to the present date-Farming in

Ireland: Grazing: Plantation of Ulster: Establishment of the Dublin Society: Con-

dition of the Arable Farmer-Scottish Agriculture in the reign of Charles I.: Tithes:

alternate system of Husbandry-Comparative view of Scotch and English Agriculture:

its present state throughout the United Kingdom-British Farmers-Information in-

tended to be communicated through this publication.

-

P. 1

CHAPTER I. ON HIRING AND STOCKING A FARM-SIZE-

CAPITAL-EXPENSES AND PROFITS.

Considerations regarding the most prudent extent of Farms-Tillage Farms, and

Soils-Capital required on different kinds of Land-Estimates of the sums necessary

for stocking and carrying on Farms of various size and quality-Comparative view

of the expenses on three different Farms of 150 acres each-Probable profits of

Farming.

p. 39

CHAPTER II.-ENTRY AND VALUATION.

Time and mode of Entry-Steel-bow-Tillages, Dressings, and Half Dressings-

Valuation of Manures-Custom of the Country in various Counties, and comments

thereupon-Statement of a Michaelmas Valuation in Yorkshire.

CHAPTER III.-RENT-LEASES-TERM-COVENANTS.

p. 51

Prudential considerations regarding the amount of Rent-Thirlage, Rent in Kind, in

Money, and in Corn; with calculations respecting Corn and Money Rents-Price of

Corn-Term for which Leases should be granted-Interests of Landlord and Tenant-

Covenants regarding Cropping-Clauses in the Leases of the Holkham property in

Norfolk-Land Agents-Rotation of Crops-Usual covenants, exclusive of those which

regulate the course of Cropping-Payment of Rent.

CHAPTER IV.-TITHES AND PAROCHIAL ASSESSMENTS.

P. 56

Different classes of Tithe-Rectorial and Vicarial, or Great and Small Tithe-Mode
of setting out Tithe-Valuation-Agistment: exceptions of certain Stock: mode of
calculation, and account of Sheep stock agisted-Animal Tithe: when due, and mode
of calculation, on Calves: on Milk: on Butter and Cheese: on Wool: on Pigs and

Poultry on Honey and Wax-Tithe of Wood, with exemptions therefrom: of Hop-
Poles: of Orchards, Gardens, and Fruit-Tithe of Wastes-Calculations on the Rent
of Tithes-Origin of the right to Tithe-Scotch Teinds-Agistment Tithe in Ireland—
Parochial Rates: Highway Duty, and Poor Rate.

CHAPTER V.-FARM BUILDINGS.

P: 70

Best form and situation for the Homestead-Materials and Expense of Construction-

Thatching, Slating, and Tiling-General Washington's Barn-Dutch Barns-Granaries:

Farm Yards: Cart Sheds: Dairies: Pigsties and Poultry Houses-Stack Yards-

Thrashing Mills-Watering Pond and Wells-Plans of Offices erected on various

Farms of different size in several Counties-Style of Farm Buildings in Scotland and

in Ireland.

p. 85

CHAPTER VI.-RURAL ECONOMY - STATE OF THE POOR-

SERVANTS-MANUAL LABOUR.

Arrangement of Labour-Order and regularity of business; form of Accounts; and

their effect upon the profits of Farming-Change in the habits of Agricultural Labourers

-Mode of Paying the Scotch Peasantry, and their yearly Earnings-Cottagers' Gardens

and Cows-Character of English Farm-Servants: Hiring; Boarding; and Wages-

Division of Labour: by the Piece, and by Task-work-Odd Men .

P. 112

CHAPTER VII.-ANIMAL LABOUR-HORSE TEAMS - FEEDING

EXPENSES-LABOUR-MANAGEMENT-ASSES AND MULES.

Feeding of Farm Horses-Substitutes for Corn and Hay-Estimates of expense-

Steaming of the Food, and different kinds of Steam-Apparatus-Fodder of various sorts

-Machine for bruising Furze, and account of savings by its use-Summer feeding, and

soiling on green food-Winter Food, and various proportions of each sort used-Manger

Meat-Salt, its effects on the health of Animals: Salt-licks of America-Economy of

the Stable-Relative nutritive value of the various kinds of dry food-Difference of

feeding by measure and by weight-Oats-Boiled Barley-Annual cost of a Team,

and their daily labour-Cartage-Four-wheeled Waggons of various descriptions, as

used in Sussex, Hampshire, Berkshire, Norfolk, and Suffolk: the Cornish Wain:

Bavin Tug: Leicester Trolley-Difference of draught between Waggons and Carts:

Scotch Carts: Hampshire Cart: London Hay Cart: Tumbrels: Irish Cars: Dung

Pots-Stable management: Farm Stables, and Hammels-Carters-Condition of

Working Horses-Shoeing-Breeds of the Lincoln, Cleveland, Suffolk, and Clydesdale

Cart Horses-The Irish Garron-Training-Mules and Asses.

p. 124

CHAPTER VIII.-ANIMAL LABOUR-OX TEAMS-TRAINING AND

MANAGEMENT — COMPARATIVE VIEW OF HORSES AND

OXEN AS BEASTS OF DRAUGHT.

Ancient use of Oxen for labour-Best breeds-reasons for the substitution of Horses

-Statements of the work performed by Oxen-Expense of Teams-Comparatively with

those of Horses-Considerations regarding their employment-Labour-Different modes

of Yoking; and comparative merits of the Yoke and Harness-Cartage―Ploughing—

Cattle Sheds, or Byres-Feeding: daily quantities of food consumed by a working Ox

-Breeding and Rearing: Sussex, Devon, and Hereford Cattle-Training-System of

Breeding and Rearing in regard to keeping up a working Stock-Shoeing.

p. 178

CHAPTER IX.-ON THE NATURE AND PROPERTIES OF MANURE.

Distinction of different kinds of Manure-Their action upon the Land-Different

stages of fermentation.

⚫ p. 222

CHAPTER X.-PUTRESCENT MANURES-FARM-YARD DUNG.

Muck-Dung of ruminant Animals-Different nature of the Dung of Horses, horned
Cattle, Sheep, and Swine-Urine, its analysis, and use as Manure-Straw, as Food and