by authority under her, tended to defame the Queen herself. Some of the Puritan Clergy fuffered death upon this conftruc❝tion; and one of them, who was no otherwise proved to be the Writer of fuch a libel upon the Bishops, than by the evi<dence of a man, who had feen papers of that fort in his ftudy, but refufed to appear in court to give his teftimony; and by the hearsay evidence of two others, taken in examination, who had afterwards abfconded, and wrote word, that they were forry for what they faid; was in this manner condemned to die.'--The Puritan Minifters, when brought to the gallows, gave fuch teftimonies of their loyalty to the Queen, praying earnestly for her long and profperous reign, that the Court was ftruck with this behaviour, and began to bę afhamed of hanging men for fedition against the State, who died with fuch strong profeffions of loyalty to her Majefty, and the Government. It is faid that the Queen herself was difpleafed, when fhe heard of the devotion and fidelity of the fufferers; and it was therefore refolved, for the future,'inftead of putting them to death, to banish them.'

We shall conclude our extracts from this Hiftory, with a mesfage of this Queen to her House of Commons, by their Speaker; and our Hiftorian's reflection upon it. The substance of the maflage was, "That the calling and diffolving of Parlia"ments, the affenting and diffenting to any bills paffed there, "was part of her Prerogative; and that the calling this Parlia"ment was only, that fuch as neglected the fervice of the "Church might be compelled to it-with fome fharp laws, the "better to provide for the fafety of her perfon and the realm; "that it was not meant that they should meddle with matters of "State, or caufes Ecclefiaftical; that the wondered they should "attempt a thing fo contrary to her command; that the was highly offended at it, and that it was her royal pleasure, that no bill touching any matters of State and caufes Ecclesiasti"cal, fhould be there exhibited."- Had the majority of that Houfe,' fays Dr. Warner, had the fpirit of Englishmen, they would not have fubmitted fo tamely to the infults of an • arbitrary woman; who arrested their Members, and committed them to prifon, for fpeaking only of oppreffions contrary to law; who forbad their redreffing the grievances of Church · or State, and fent for their bills out of the houfe, and cancel• ed them.'

86

The Appendix gives ample proof of our Author's affection towards his brethren, and generous concern for the relief of the poor bel nging to his order; whilft, at the fame time it exposes the narrowness of fpirit, the felfishness, and avarice, of the rich and indolent among the Clergy, who will, it

feems,

feems, contribute nothing toward the decent fupport of the indigent and useful. This conduct, in our English Clergy, muft appear the more blame-worthy, when we have had fo recent an inftance, in that of Scotland, whofe funds for beneficence are comparitively fo inconfiderable, of what may be effected within itfelf for the good of a Community, when the members of it feel for one another. From his brethren, this humane Author seems to have recourfe to the known goodness of the nation. What he fuggefts, deferves our attention.

• Of the nine thousand and some hundred churches and cha pels which we have in England and Wales, fix thoufand, I ⚫ speak it on the best authority, are not above the value of forty 'pounds a year.'-As to Queen Anne's royal bounty.

<

It

will, indeed, be the work of ages, before all the Livings intitled to an augmentation, can receive any benefit from it: ⚫ and it will be five hundred years, before every Living can be 'raised to fixty pounds a year by this royal bounty; fuppofing ⚫ the fame money to be diftributed as there has been for fome years paft.-Would it not, therefore, better answer the defignation of the First Fruits and Tenths, in relieving the wants and miseries of the inferior Clergy, that the Tenths, at leaft, if not the intereft of the fum accumulated, fhould ⚫ be annually divided among such widows, or children, of the Clergy, as are in diftrefs? I prefume to fay it would. The great fum in hand, with the First Fruits continually adding to it, would be fufficient to anfwer the demands of augmentation, according to the prefent act, for a long course of years: and if this method was taken of fupplying the wants of the • families of Clergymen, perhaps, for ever. The confequence of accumulating fuch an immenfe fum in the hands of the 'Church, which many people pretend to dread already, may, by this annual method of diftribution, be prevented.--But 'fhould there be fufficient reasons against any alteration of the ⚫act for the augmentation of fmall Livings,-in the way that I have propofed, yet one remedy is ftill left;-a remedy which is entirely in the power of the Legislature, which infringes on the right and property of none of the fubjects of England, and which will be no lefs ferviceable to the State than to the < Church, that it fhould be applied to the better maintenance of our parochial Clergy. The Reader, who does not know it, will be furprized, perhaps, to be told, that eftates in this kingdom, of no less value than four-fcore thousand pounds a year, are left to the fupport of religious houfes and feminaries abroad. I do not publish this from common fame, for very ' few, even of our great men, know any thing of it; but I ⚫ speak it on authority not to be contradicted. If the Parlia

ment,

ment, therefore, would addrefs the Crown for thefe eftates, which are justly forfeited, the annual produce of which is fent out of the kingdom exprefsly contrary to law, and contrary to its religion and civil interefts, there is no doubt but the Crown would grant them: and thefe eftates, together with the royal bounty, would make an effectual augmentation of all the fmall Livings, as well as fome provision for the widows and ⚫ children of the Clergy."

Upon the whole, whatever inaccuracies of expreffion may have flipt into this work, they are of fo trivial a nature, and occur fo feldom, that they plainly appear to be the effect of an affiduous attention to circumftances of much higher importance. If candour, if fpirit, and good fenfe, can recommend, or fupport a performance, this Hiftory will command the respect of prefent times, and convey the Author's name, with reputation, down to pofterity.

The Memoirs and Letters of Ulicke, Marquis of Clanricarde and Earl of St. Albans; Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, Commander in Chief of the Forces of King Charles the Firft in that Kingdom, during the Rebellion, Governor of the County and Town of Galway, Lord Lieutenant of the County of Kent, and PrivyCounsellor in England and Ireland. Printed from an authentic Manufcript, and now first published by the prefent Earl of Clanricarde. Folio. 11. 11s. 6d. Dodfley.

If

F the publication of fuch family-Vouchers and Testimonials of Family-Virtues and Abilities as thefe, is more immediately for the honour of the great name or names they belong to, they also contribute not a little to the gratification of the public: In point of authenticity they certainly deferve to rank next to public Records: and in point of information, they poffibly deferve to rank before them. The Record, fatisfied with fpecifying and perpetuating the thing, is generally filent as to the manner in which it was conducted, and the characters of thofe employed in it: whereas, in such collections as these, we have the performers all the way before our eyes, and fuch a clue in our hand, that it is our own faults if we do not become almoft as well acquainted with every object set before us, as our guides themselves.

It is, however, to be regretted, for the fake of the noble Editor, that he was not apprifed of a performance published in he year 1722, under the title of " Memoirs of the Right Ho

nourable

"nourable the Marquis of Clanricarde, &c. Published from "his Lordship's original Manufcripts." For tho' that work is but a fingle octavo, this a large folio; tho' that contains but the documents relating to one fingle tranfaction, this all, as it is reasonable to think, without referve, from October 1641, to Auguft 1652, together with a brief of all the intelligence the Marquis received of public affairs during that period, both in England and Ireland;-it deferved, on many accounts, to have been made the bafis, at leaft, of this fubfequent publication. The tranfaction there felected out of the heap, is the most remarkable one that his Lordship was ever concerned in; the merit of it is difcuffed at large in a preliminary difcourfe; the papers of moft importance, relating to it, are added, out of the very collection, faid in the title-page to be now first pub. lifhed and what is moft remarkable of all, the candour and impartiality of Lord Clarendon, in ftating the Irish affairs, is in the faid difcuffion very importunately called into queftion. It is true the Author does not appear more concerned for the rectitude of Lord Clanricarde's conduct, and the fplendour of his character, than to remove the imputations brought by the faid noble Hiftorian, against the Papifts of Ireland; which is an attempt that never can be ferviceable to any Author, or any book, amongst us. But then as he has brought many facts, and many authorities, together, in moft of which the Marquis of Clanricarde is directly or indirectly concerned, fo much attention was due to his peformance as would ferve to afcertain the true value of it.

As to the transaction fo felected, it was no less than a treaty with the Duke of Lorrain, for aids of money, men, and fhips, at first opened for the King's fervice, against those of his fubjects who, by the fortune of war, were every where become his fuperiors, but intended to procure his Highness, his heirs, and fucceffors, the title and prerogatives of Protector-Royal of Ire-. land, and all fuch other advantages, it may be fafely prefumed, as the public misfortunes might have given rife to. The Marquis could not, indeed, be brought to treat with him on terms fo difhonourable to the Crown; but the more zealous among the Catholics, were for admitting all without referve: and the Commiffioners employed to treat with his Highness, did actually fign an inftrument with him to that effect, in the name of the Kingdom and People of Ireland, without the leaft mention of his Majefty therein, or acknowlegement of his title. And the Mayor and Corporation of Galway went fo far, as even to recognize him accordingly. Through the firmnefs of Lord Clanricarde, however, countenanced and abetted by the Marquis of Ormond, (the latter nominal Lord-Lieutenant, as the former

was

was nominal Lord-Deputy, of Ireland) the men of Galway were feverely reprimanded, the Commiffioners difowned, and the whole affair came to nothing. Soon after which the kingdom fubmitted to the Conquerors, and received the law in what manner they pleased to impofe it.

For the reft, thofe that write of the tranfactions of these things, and those who read the ordinary accounts given of them, with a defire to understand them thoroughly, would do well to have all fuch collections as these within their reach; and every man of action, furrounded with difficulties and dangers, and deftitute of all refource, but fuch as his own mind, and his own heart, could furnish him with, would do as well, in making this illuftrious Nobleman his example.

Obfervations on the Compleat Body of Husbandry continued; Sec Review for July, 1757.

WE

E now proceed to the third book of this voluminous work; which profeffes, by its title, to treat of fences, and of improving land by inclofing and draining: and here we fhall be very brief, on account of our having dwelt so long on the two former books.

The introduction and two fubfequent chapters of this book, are one tedious and extravagant (1) declamation, stamped with the fpecious names of argument and reafon, on the vast benefits of inclofures; in which the advantages, non-advantages (2) and

(1) It muft, we think, feem extravagant, to affert, that inclofing land should at once raife its rent to ten times its former price;' and that no attempt this way can be named, that has not enriched the < owner.' What is this, but to urge owners of land (ignorant of country affairs, and taking all this for gofpel) to inclefing, at any rate, charge, and hazard, and in any fituation, with the expectations of an alchymift, and followed, perhaps, with his disappointments too?

(2) Such are the weak notions of hedges defending crops of corn from the wind, and from the cold nipping blalts in the fpring; preferving the natural heart of the land, and the richness it derives from manure; and that the fame manure will do twice the fervice on a fheltered warm close, that it will in the open field: and that inclosed land yields much larger crops from the fame feed and dreffing, than the open fields..