Информация за книгата
Моята библиотека
Книги в Google Play
CHAPTER CLII.
LIFE OF LORD CHANCELLOR BATHURST FROM HIS BIRTH TILL HE WAS MADE A PUISNE
JUDGE.
Advantages from the Rise of Men of Mediocrity, 432. Wonderful Elevation of
Lord Chancellor Bathurst, 432. His Family, 433. His Father the first Lord
Bathurst, 433. His Father's Introduction to Sterne, 434. Pope's Lines ad-
dressed to the first Lord Bathurst, 434. Burke's Allusion to him, 435. Birth
of Henry Bathurst, 436. His Education, 437. At Lincoln's Inn, 437. He is
called to the Bar, 437. He is returned to Parliament for Cirencester, 437.
Dr. Johnson's Report of his Speech on the Impressment of Seamen, 437.
other Speeches in Parliament, 438. He conducts the Prosecution of Miss Blandy
for the Murder of her Father, 439. His Speech in opening the Case to the Jury,
439. His Reply, 442. Verdict and Execution, 442. Bathurst's Speech against
the King, 442. He goes over to the Court and is made a Puisne Judge, 442.
His
CHAPTER CLIII.
CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF LORD BATHURST TILL HE RESIGNED THE GREAT
SEAL, AND WAS MADE PRESIDENT OF THE COUNCIL.
His Qualifications and Conduct as a Puisne Judge, 443. Difficulty of disposing of the
Great Seal on the Death of Charles Yorke, 444. The Great Seal in Commission,
445. Incompetency of the Commissioners, 445. Their Decision that it is un-
lawful to print a new Play acted on the Stage, 445. Their improper Reversal
of a Decree which had been pronounced in favour of Lord Chatham, 446. Their
Reversal reversed, 447. The Great Seal committed to the most incompetent of
them, 447. Bathurst Lord Chancellor and a Peer, 447. His Insignificance of
Service to him, 447. He is installed, 447. One incompetent Judge better than
three, 448. Lord Bathurst not so bad an Equity Judge, when acting single, as
was expected, 448. His candour, 448. Sir Fletcher Norton's Sarcasm on Lord
Bathurst, 449. Lines by Sir C. H. Williams, 449. Stories circulated to ridicule
the Chancellor, 449. Dr. Johnson's Opinion on the Fitness of Chancellors for
their Office, 449. Character of Lord Bathurst from a contemporary Work, 450.
Length of his Chancellorship, 451. His Judgments, 451. He grants Injunction
against the Publication of Lord Chesterfield's Letters, 451. In Scotch Appeals
he is assisted by Lord Mansfield, 452. Writ of Error respecting Copyright, 453.
Lord Bathurst presides as High Steward on the Trial of the Duchess of Kingston,
His preliminary Address to her, 453. Q. as to effect of Sentence of Ec-
clesiastical Court? 454. Evidence, 454. Verdict, 455. Sentence, 455. Not a
Law Reformer, 455. Lord Bathurst's political Conduct while Chancellor, 455.
He draws and defends the Royal Marriage Act, 456. Lord Bathurst gives
King's Consent to the Election of Sir Fletcher Norton as Speaker of the House
of Commons, 457. He supports the American Non-intercourse Act, 457. He
introduces Bill to suspend the Habeas Corpus Act with respect to American Pri-
soners, 457. Question as to the Legality of raising Regiments, 458. Lord Bathurst
opposes the Acknowledgment of American Independence, 459. His indignant
Reply to Lord Effingham, 459. Lord Bathurst opposes the Bill making a Pro-
vision for the Family of Lord Chatham, 461. His last Speech as Chancellor in
the House of Lords, 462. A Failure, 462. He resigns the Great Seal, 463.
Reasons for it, 463. His Merit in patronising Sir William Jones, 463. Dedica-
tion to him of the Translation of the Orations of Isæus, 464. Attempt to bribe
the Chancellor, 464.
453.
CHAPTER CLIV.
CONCLUSION OF THE LIFE OF LORD BATHURST.
His Speech on
Lord Bathurst's Conduct while President of the Council, 465.
Dismissal of Lord Lieutenants for their Votes in Parliament, 465. Lord George
Gordon's Riots, 466. Peril of the Peers, 466. Courage of Lord Bathurst, 466.
His Speech on this Occasion, 467. His Speech against factious Opposition, 468.
Retort upon him by the Duke of Richmond, 469. In carrying through a Go-
vernment Bill, he is savagely attacked by Lord Chancellor Thurlow, 469. Fall
of Lord North, 470.
His subsequent Career, 471.
He opposes Bill for relief of Insolvent Debtors, 471. His Death, 471. His
Funeral, 471. His Epitaph, 471. His Character, 471. His Descendants, 472.
Apsley House built by Lord Bathurst, 472.
Lord Bathurst resigns, 470.
CHAPTER CLV.
LIFE OF LORD CHANCELLOR THURLOW FROM HIS BIRTH TILL HE WAS APPOINTED
SOLICITOR GENERAL.
The Author's Arrival at a Class of Chancellors whom he has himself beheld, 473.
Thurlow in the House of Lords in the Year 1801, 473. His Dress and Appearance,
473. His Speech upon a Divorce Bill, 474. The Impression which he made,
475. Extravagantly high Opinion of himself created by Thurlow among his
Contemporaries, 476. His Birth, 476. His Family, 476. His Father's Prog-
nostication of his Success in Life, 477. Early Prophecy that he would be Lord
Chancellor, 477. At Scarning School, 477. His Verses on "Cock-throwing," 478.
At Canterbury School, 479. At Caius College, Cambridge, 480. Charge against
him of insulting the Dean, 481. The Dean moves for his Expulsion, 482. He
is allowed to take his Name off the College Books, 482. Lent Term, 1751, 482.
His generous Behaviour to the Tutor of Caius, 482. And to the Dean, 483. Thur-
low a Law Student at the Temple, 484. He is placed as a Pupil in a Solicitor's
Office, 484. Account from Cowper, his Fellow Pupil, of their Idleness, 485.
Thurlow's Habits while keeping his Terms, 485. He haunts Nando's Coffee-
house, 486. Testimony to his Industry, 486. He is called to the Bar, 487. His
slow Progress, 487. His pecuniary Difficulties, 487. His Stratagem to find a
Horse to ride the Circuit, 487. He gains Distinction by putting down Sir
Fletcher Norton, 487. He is retained in the Douglas Cause, 488. He is pa-
tronised by the Duchess of Queensberry, 490. She obtains a silk Gown for him,
491. Thurlow's Qualifications, 492. Advantages of Self-confidence, 492. Thur-
low in his silk Gown, 493. He attaches himself to the Tories, 493. He is re-
turned for Tamworth, 493. Hearing of the Douglas Cause in the House of
Lords, 494. Thurlow's Duel with Andrew Stewart, 494. His maiden Speech,
495. He is appointed Solicitor General, 496. Comparison between Thurlow
and Sir William Blackstone, 496.
CHAPTER CLVI.
CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF LORD THURLOW TILL HE WAS MADE LORD CHAN-
CELLOR.
The Solicitor General's Conduct in Parliament, 497. Debate on the Bill to take away the Attorney General's Right to file Criminal Informations, 497. Thur-
low's Speech against the Liberty of the Press, 498. He denies the Right of
Juries to consider the Question of Libel or no Libel, 499. His Speech against
Trial by Jury, 501. Thurlow is made Attorney General, 502. Mr. Attorney
General Thurlow is beaten in his Prosecution of the Printer of Junius's
Letters, 502. Case of Brass Crosby and Alderman Oliver for committing the
Messenger of the House of Commons, 504. Thurlow's furious Speech against
them, 504. He is chastised by Dunning, 504. Thurlow's Speech against
Lord Clive, 506. His first Encounter with Horne Tooke: he is defeated, 507.
Thurlow opposes the Grenville Act, 507. His Attack on Authors and Book-
sellers, 508. His violent Hatred of the Americans, 508. His offensive Assertion
of the Right to tax Americans, 508. He justifies the Appellation of " Rebels,"
applied to the Americans, 509. His Assertion that "he left the lawyer in West-
minster Hall," 510. He maintains the Right to repeal all the Charters granted to
America, 510. His Doctrine that "Treason and Rebellion were the natural
Growth of America," 511. Thurlow is defeated in his Attack on Sir Fletcher
Norton, Speaker of the House of Commons, 511. Thurlow placed in a ludicrous
Position in the House of Commons, and once for a moment abashed, 512. He is
disposed to give some Relief to the Roman Catholics, 513. His Argument on
the Grenada Case, 513. Trial of the Duchess of Kingston, 514. Thurlow on
the Effect of the Sentence of the Ecclesiastical Court, 514. His Speech on the
Merits of the Case, 514. He prosecutes Horne Tooke for a Libel, 516. His
Speech in Aggravation of Punishment, urging that Horne Tooke should be set
in the Pillory, 517. Difficulty to account for Thurlow's House of Commons'
Reputation, 518. Gibbon's Account of him and Wedderburn, 519. Thurlow
Chancellor, 519.
CHAPTER CLVII.
CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF LORD THURLOW TILL THE RESIGNATION OF LORD
NORTH AND THE FORMATION OF THE SECOND ROCKINGHAM ADMINISTRATION.
Thurlow installed as Lord Chancellor, 520. Cowper's Verses addressed to him
on this Occasion, 520. Thurlow's Qualifications as an Equity Judge, 521.
His Want of Industry, 521. Indifferent about Law Reform, 522. Assisted
by Hargrave, 522. Employs Mr. Justice Buller to sit for him in the Court
of Chancery, 522. Nicknames given to him, 522. His Habit of swearing on
the Bench, 522. Q. Are Resignation Bonds simoniacal? 523. Constructive
Presence of a Testator when Will is subscribed by Witnesses, 523. Money Land
and Land Money, 524. Origin of the Fortune of Lord Eldon, 524. Erroneous
Decision of Thurlow in Newman v. Wallis, 525. Lady Strathmore v. Bowes, 525.
First Opera House Case, 525. A written Judgment delivered by Thurlow, sup-
posed to be the Composition of Hargrave, 526. Complaints of Delays in the Court
of Chancery, 528. Lord Thurlow's Decisions in the House of Lords, 528. His
famous Decision in Bruce v. Bruce, laying down the Rule with respect to
Domicile and the Succession to Personal Property, 529. Thurlow takes his
Seat in the House of Lords, 530. His furious Maiden Speech, 531. His De-
meanour on the Woolsack, 533. Thurlow about to lose his Authority in the
House, when he is attacked by the Duke of Richmond, 533. Butler's Account
of this Scene, 533. Thurlow's Speech against the Duke of Richmond, 534.
Thurlow becomes the Tyrant of the House of Peers, 534. Thurlow's ironical
Defence of the Bill to punish Adultery, 535. His Opposition to Lord Shel-
burne's Resolution in favour of Irish Commerce, 536. He attacks Lord Rock-
ingham's Motion for an Address praying for a Change of Ministers as uncon-
stitutional, 536. He opposes all economical Reforms, 537. He ably defends
the Employment of the Military to put down Lord George Gordon's Riots, 537.
Challenge to fight between two Peers, voted a Breach of Privilege, 538. His
Speech on the Rupture with Holland, 538. He defends the Execution of a
British Officer taken fighting with the Americans, &c., 539. The Elevation of
Lord George Germaine to the Peerage, 539. Public Disasters, and approaching
Fall of Lord North, 539. Speculations as to Thurlow's Successor, 540.
Thurlow himself remains Chancellor, 540.
CHAPTER CLVIII.
CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF LORD THURLOW TILL HE WAS DEPRIVED OF THE
GREAT SEAL ON THE FORMATION OF THE COALITION MINISTRY.
Blunder committed in allowing Thurlow to be Chancellor under the Rockingham
Administration, 541. Explanation of this Fact, 542. Thurlow in the Rock-
ingham Cabinet, 542. The Lord Chancellor Leader of the Opposition, 543.
Mr. W. Pitt's Motion for Parliamentary Reform, 543. Thurlow opposes the
"Contractors' Bill," 543. And opposes the "Revenue Officers' Disqualification
Bill," 545. He opposes the Bill for disfranchising Cricklade, 546. He brings
down a Censure on all Law Lords, 546. He opposes a ministerial Address to the
Crown, 546. Death of the Marquis of Rockingham, 547. Thurlow opposes
Mr. Burke's Bill for economical Reform, 547. Lord Shelburne Prime Mi-
nister, 549. Resignation of Mr. Fox and the Rockingham Whigs, 549. Mr.
W. Pitt's first Introduction to Office, 549. Thurlow remains Chancellor, and
supports the Government, 549. Q. Whether the King can yield up to a
foreign State part of the British Dominions without the Authority of Par-
liament? 549. Thurlow's Assertion that he may, 550. Marvellous Effect
of big Words, 551. Coalition Ministry, 552. Examination of the Question
whether Mr. Fox wished Thurlow to continue Chancellor, 552. Lord Eldon's
Story on this Subject shown to be inaccurate, 552. Mr. Fox's Refusal to allow
Thurlow to continue Chancellor, 554. The Great Seal in Commission, 554.
CHAPTER CLIX.
CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF LORD THURLOW TILL THE KING'S ILLNESS IN 1788
560.
Thurlow and King George III. in opposition, 555. Their Tactics, 555. Thur-
low's Attack on the Bill to acknowledge the judicial Independence of Ireland,
556. Thurlow in opposition becomes a Reformer, 557. Fox's India Bill
brought up from the Commons, 558. It is attacked by Thurlow on the first
Reading, 558. It is defended by Lord Loughborough, 559. Thurlow's Reply,
559. Rejection of Fox's India Bill, 560. Dismissal of the Coalition Ministry,
Mr. Pitt Prime Minister, 560. Thurlow again Chancellor, 560. Justi-
fication of George III. and Thurlow for their Conduct in opposing the Coalition
Ministry, 560. Scene when Wedderburn, First Commissioner of the Great
Seal, delivered it up to Thurlow as Chancellor, 561. Majority in the Lords for
Mr. Pitt, 562. Tranquillity there, 562. Debate in the Lords on the Resolutions
of the Commons against the new Ministry, 562. The Great Seal stolen, 563.
The Whigs suspected of the Theft, 563. Real History of this Affair, 564.
Order in Council for making a new Great Seal, 564. Order in Council for the
Use of the new Great Seal, 565. Great Seal again changed, 565. Prorogation
and Dissolution of Parliament, 566. Lines in the Rolliad on Thurlow with
reference to the Stealing of the Great Seal, 566. Triumph of Mr. Pitt on the
Appeal to the People, 566. Calm in the House of Lords, 567. Feeble Oppo-
sition to Mr. Pitt's India Bill, 567. Thurlow opposes a Government Bill re-
specting the forfeited Estates in Scotland, 567. Thurlow supports the Resolu-
tions for Free Trade with Ireland, 569. Recipe for making a Chancellor, 569.
M. de Vergennes' Treaty defended by Thurlow, 570. His Quarrel with Lord
Shelburne, 570. Thurlow overruled on a Question respecting the Scotch Peer-
age, 571. Thurlow throws out Bill for Relief of Insolvent Debtors, 572. His
Speech in support of Imprisonment for Debt, 572. Site of the Fleet Prison a
Central Railway Station for the Metropolis, 572. Impeachment of Warren
Hastings, 573. History of it, 573. Hastings bailed by the House of Lords, 575.
His Trial in Westminster Hall, 575. Description of the Scene, 575. Thurlow's
Address to Hastings on his Arraignment, 576. Miss Burney's Account of it,
576. Question as to the Mode in which the Trial should be conducted, 577.
Thurlow's Opinion of Pym and Lord Strafford, 578. Thurlow and the African
Slave Trade, change of public Sentiment on this Subject, 578. Bill to mitigate
the Horrors of the "Middle Passage," 579. Opposed by Thurlow, 579.
Bill is carried, 580.
The
CHAPTER CLX.
CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF LORD THURLOW TILL HE WAS FINALLY DISMISSED
FROM THE OFFICE OF CHANCELLOR.
The King's Illness, 581.
Mr.
Course taken by Mr. Pitt, 582. Perplexity of the
Lord Chancellor, 582. His Intrigues with Carlton House, 583. Bargain that, in
consideration of his continuing Chancellor, he should support the Right of the
Prince of Wales to be Regent without Restrictions, 583. Mr. Fox arrives from
Italy, 584. His Letter to Sheridan, reluctantly acquiescing in this Arrangement,
584. Letter of Remonstrance from Lord Loughborough to Sheridan, 584.
Pitt discovers Thurlow's Duplicity, 586. Story of Thurlow being betrayed by his
Hat, 587. Mr. Pitt withdraws all Confidence from Thurlow, and employs Lord
Camden to carry through the Measures for a Regency, 587. Debate on Lord
Camden's Motion for a Committee to search for Precedents, 587. Lord Thur-
low's temporising Speech, 588. Information to Lord Thurlow of the King's
probable Recovery, 589. Thurlow's Imprecation upon himself if he should
forget his Sovereign, 589. Wilkes's Retort, 590. Thurlow's Attack on Lord
Loughborough for supporting the Rights of the Prince, 590. Expedient of
using the Great Seal without the King's Authority, 591. Letter of Thanks
from Queen Charlotte to Thurlow, 592. Thurlow again in Tears, 593.
Thurlow's great Popularity for his loyal Attachment to his Master, 594. Sar-
casms thrown out against him, 595. Burke's Attack upon him in the House of
Commons, 595. Burke's Caricature of Thurlow, 595. Disappointment of the
Whigs by the King's Recovery, 596. Parliament regularly opened under a
Commission by the King's Authority, 596. Thurlow's Reputation injured with
the Public, 597. His Hatred of Mr. Pitt, 597. Mr. Pitt's Representation to
the King as to Thurlow's Conduct, 597. Thurlow's Conduct for the next three
Years, 598. Thurlow displaced from his Position as Organ of the Government
in the House of Lords, 599. Lord Grenville substituted for him, 599. Debate
on the Russian Armament, 599. Earliest Notice in Parliament of the French
Revolution, 600. Speech by Lord Loughborough in praise of it, 600. Thur-
low's Defence of the Russian Armament, 600. His Abuse of the French Re-
volution, 601. Q. Whether Hastings's Impeachment was abated by the Dissolu-
tion of Parliament, 601. Thurlow throws out Mr. Fox's Libel Bill, 602. The
last Session of Parliament in which he sat as Chancellor, 602. Difficulty of
understanding his Views and Objects, 602. He opposes Mr. Pitt's Bill for
establishing the Sinking Fund, 603. Mr. Pitt insists on his Dismissal, 604.
Mr. Pitt's Letter to him, 604. Lord North's Sagacity in foreseeing the Dis-
missal of Thurlow, 605. Thurlow dismissed, 605. Thurlow's Indignation
against the King, 605. Arrangement that he should continue Chancellor till
the End of the Session, 605. He tries to set the King against Mr. Pitt, 605.
His Attempt fails, 606. Justification of the King for taking part against
Thurlow, 606. Thurlow defends the Slave Trade, 607. He unsuccessfully op-
poses Fox's Libel Bill, 607. His Protest against it, 607. Last Day of the