Example I. He then touched briefly upon the prominent events of the Revolution.

I. Then is an adverb of time, modifying the verb touched. 2. Briefly is an adverb of manner, modifying the verb touched.

Example II. I remember, I remember

The house where I was born.

Where is a conjunctive adverb, showing place. It modifies the verb was born, and connects the clause "where I was born" with the word house.

Example III. — When did he go?

When is an interrogative adverb of time, modifying the verb did go.

EXERCISE I.

Parse the verbs and the adverbs in the following sen

I. A thousand hearts beat happily. — BYRON.

2. Down sunk the bell with a gurgling sound. — SOUTHEY.

"Seven boys and girls are we." WORDSWORTH.

4. Defect in manners is usually the defect of fine perceptions. - EMERSON.

5.

6.

On right, on left, above, below,

Sprung up at once the lurking foe. ScOTT.

Swiftly, swiftly flew the ship,

Yet she sailed softly too. - Coleridge.

7. The world is too much with us. - WORDSWORTH.

8.

How often, oh, how often

I had wished that the ebbing tide
Would bear me away on its bosom

O'er the ocean wild and wide. — LONGFELLOW.

EXERCISE II.

Parse the adverbs in the following sentences:

I.

There in the twilight cold and gray,

Lifeless, but beautiful, he lay. - LONGFELLOW.

2. And there lay the steed with his nostril all wide,

But through it there rolled not the breath of his pride. 3. There is nothing like a primeval wood for color on a sunny day. — C. D. WARNER.

4. Why stand ye here all the day idle?- Bible.

5.

Oh! what a tangled web we weave,

When first we practise to deceive. - SCOTT.

6.

O Solitude! where are the charms

That sages have seen in thy face? - COWPER.

7. O, why should the spirit of mortal be proud? — KNOX. 8. The rain is falling where they lie. - BRYANT.

ADJECTIVE OR Adverb.

Tell whether the italicized words in the following sentences are adjectives or adverbs, giving a reason in each case: —

1. She looks cold.

2. She looked coldly on the project.

An adjective is

ject is given, and described; as,

3. The apple feels hard.

4. He works hard.

used when the quality or condition of the suban adverb, when the manner of the action is

The child seems happy.

He lived happily.

Some adverbs are identical in form with adjectives; as, much, little, far, ill, hard, loud, soft, fast.

EXERCISE III.

Parse the adverbs and the adjectives in the following

sentences:

1. He lives long that lives well.

2. Still waters run deep.

3. Welcome her, all things youthful and sweet!

4. Then they praised him soft and low.

5. He drank of the water so cool and clear. — SOUTHEY.

6. How fast the flitting figures come! — BRYANT.

7. The shades of night were falling fast.

LONGFELLOW.

8. The door in the mountain-side shut fast. 9. A wondrous portal opened wide. - BROWNING. 10. The tumult grew louder. II. Louder still the minstrels blew.

12.

HAWTHORNE.

Colder and louder blew the wind,

A gale from the Northeast. — Longfellow.

EXERCISE IV.

What is an adverb? How are adverbs classified with respect to meaning? Give an example of each class. How are they classified with respect to use? State the two offices of a conjunctive adverb. Give an example of an interrogative adverb. Mention five adverbs that admit of comparison, and give the comparison of each. In what way are adjectives and adverbs alike? How do they differ?

LESSON XLVII.

PREPOSITIONS.

Tell what the following prepositions connect, and what relations they express:

1. He stood on the bridge.

2. 'Twas the night before Christmas.

3. The tree was struck by lightning.

4. He died for his country.

5. The eyes of the sleepers waxed deadly and chill

Prepositions express such a variety of relations that they cannot be easily classified according to meaning. The most common rela

tions expressed by prepositions are

1. Place or direction; as, At home; towards the bridge; below the falls.

2. Time; as, After breakfast; till noon; since morning.

3. Agency, instrumentality, or means; as, Killed by frost ; cut with a hatchet; lost through carelessness.

4. Cause, or purpose; as, Thankful for good health; He votes

from principle.

5. Possession; as, The voice of the speaker; the beauty of the rose; the blade of the knife.

6. Definition; as, The virtue of temperance; the city of Rome. 7. Object; as, The fear of death; the hope of reward.

Many other relations are implied, such as reference, expressed by about; association, by with; separation, by from; opposition, by against; substitution, by for; etc.

Certain phrases are used with the force of single prepositions. They are called compound prepositions; as, according to, in place of, in regard to, instead of, out of, on account of.

ORDER OF PARSING PREPOSITIONS.

To parse a preposition,

1. Name the part of speech.

2. Tell with what word it connects its object.

3. State the relation shown.

Example. He goes on Sunday to the church. LONGFELLOW.

1. On is a preposition, connecting the noun Sunday with the verb goes, and showing the relation of time.

2. To is a preposition, connecting the noun church with the verb goes, and showing the relation of place.

EXERCISE I.

Parse the prepositions in the following sentences:

1. At midnight, however, I was aroused by the tramp of horses' hoofs in the yard.