RULES. XIII. Adjective pro OF PRONOUNS, - continued. III. Adjective Pronouns are such as participate nouns must agree in of the properties both of adjectives and pronouns. number, with the nouns, They are divided into four sorts, viz. Possessive, Distributive, Demonstrative, and Indefinite. to which they belong. XIV. Conjunctions connect the same cases 1. The Possessive Adjective Pronouns are those of nouns and pronouns; which relate to possession or property.-They are my, thy, his, her, our, your, their. and generally, the same moods and tenses of verbs. Exercises in Parsing. Lesson 13. His vices have weakened his mind. Your conduct met their approbation. Each pupil Every heart knows its own sorrows. All men have sinned. What pleases one man displeases another. Some have received applause. Others have deserved it. Such enjoy their own approbation. Amelia charms some; she disgusts others. 2. The Distributive Adjective Pronouns are those which denote the persons or things that make up a number, as taken separately and singly. They are each, every, either, neither. 3. 4. The Demonstrative Adjective Pronouns are those which precisely point out the subjects to which they relate. They are this, that, these, those, former, latter. The Indefinite Adjective Pronouns are those One and other are thus declined. Singular. Plural. Plural. Others. Ones', Her voice delights every A Conjunction is a part of speech that is chiefly one. The boy wounded the old bird; he stole the young ones. Lesson 14 - I saw him and her. We favored used to connect sentences; so as out of two or more sentences to make but one. It sometimes connects only words. Conjunctions are principally divided into two you and them. He de- sorts, the Copulative and the Disjunctive. They love and obey him. 6 ceived me and thee. The Conjunction Copulative serves to connect or We fear and reverence continue a sentence by expressing an addition, a God. He discovered and supposition, a cause, &c. as, He and his brother seized the thief. Fear reside in Londou; I will go, if he will accompany God, and honor him. Love and practice virtue. You are happy, because you are good." me. 1 had written and sealed The Conjunction Disjunctive, serves not only to the letter. He will detect connect and continue a sentence, but also to express and expose you. I will opposition of meaning in different degrees; as, perform the operation, if. Though he was frequently reproved, yet he did form the operation, if he not reform; They came with her, but they wen desire it. She shall re-away without her.' he desires it. I will per turn, if she desire it. He shall die, unless he re- The following is a list of the principal conjunctions. pent. I will respect him, though he slay me. She Copulative. And, if, that, both, then, since, for, because, will amend, if you en- therefore, wherefore. courage her. If thou be tray us, thou shalt die. Disjunctive. But, or, nor, as, than, less, though, unless, None knew his business. either, neither, yet, notwithstanding. Pity another's wo. OF VERBS. Conjugation of the Verb LovE,- continued. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. RULES. XV. A verb agreeing with two or more nouns or pronouns singular, connected by a copulative The Subjunctive Mood expresses the action, be- conjunction, must be in ing, or passion in a doubtful or conditional manner. the plural number. It is preceded by a conjunction, expressed or understood, and subjoined to another verb; perform the operation if he desires it; I will re- nouns or pronouns singuspect him, though he slay me." as, 66 I will agree XVI. A verb, ing with two or more Exercises in Parsing. lar, connected by a disNote.In the second and third persons singular, of the be in the singular number. junctive conjunction must present tense of verbs generally, this mood has two forms; the first or indicative form is like that of the indicative mood, except the preceding conjunction; as, If thou lovest, If he loves; the second or conjunctive form retains the termination of the first person singular; — as, If I love, If thou love, If he love. Singular. Plural. Present Tense. 1. If we love, 2. If thou lovest or love, 2. If ye love, 1. If I love, 3. If he loves or love; 3. If they love. Lesson 15.- John and James have seen him. Patience and diligence re move mountains. He and she have recited the lesson. Mary and Eliza love dancing. Thomas and Joseph study grammar. Industry and economy have made him rich. If thou hast sinned, confess it. He shall return the watch, if he has found it. The master will punish thee, if thou hast told a falsehood. He shall reward thee, if thou wilt inform him. The plan will Tense. fail, unless he shall have returned. If thou know1. If we have loved, est thy duty, perform it. 2. If ye have loved, 3. If they have loved. 1. If I shall or will love, 1. If we shall or will love, Second Future Tense. Lesson 16.- John or James has seen him. Ignorance or negligence has caused this mistake. Thomas or Joseph studies grammar. He or she knows it. Mary or Eliza loves dancing. He or she has spoken the truth. Jane or Harriet has taken the apple. He or she will write the letter, if John desires it. Charles shall receive a reward if he shall have written the letter. Peter will receive nothing, unless he study the lesson. Have you 1. If I shall have loved, 1. If we shall have loved, 2. If thou shalt* have loved, 2. If ye shall* have loved, 3. If he shall have loved; 3. If they shall have loved. seen the governor's pro Note. clamation? If thou lovest thy neighbor, thou Pro -The conjunction if is used in the above conju- obeyest the law. gation for the sake of brevity; but any other conjunction, moting others' welfare, expressing doubt, condition, &c. as, though, whether, unless, they advanced their own except, lest, &c. may be used with equal propriety. interest. Though he has lost his estate, he pre * The auxiliaries, wilt, will, are not properly used in the serves his character unsecond future tense of the Subjunctive Mood. C tarnished. RULES. XVII. Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives and other adverbs. OF ADVERBS. he An Adverb is a word used to modify the signification of verbs, adjectives, and sometimes of other adverbs; as, "He reads well, a truly good man, XVIII. — The infinitive writes very correctly." Some adverbs are comparmood, or part of a sen; ed like adjectives; as, soon, sooner, soonest; wiseas the nominative case ly, more wisely, most wisely; well, better, best. tence, is sometimes used to a verb. Exercises in parsing. Lesson 17.-I can see clearly. Thou canst write well. He may come soon. Adverbs, though very numerous, may be reduc ed to certain classes;―as, 1. Of Number: as, "Once, twice, thrice," &c. 2. Of Order; as, "First, secondly, thirdly, last We must go immediately. ly, finally," &c. She dances elegantly. It 3. Of Place; as, "Here, there, where, elsewhere, moves slowly. I have seen him once. He walks anywhere, somewhere, nowhere, herein, therein, backward. Come hither. hither, whither, upward, downward, forward, backShe sings sweetly. Thou ward, hence, thence, whence, whensoever, wheresayest truly. Time flies soever, withersoever," &c. swiftly. He writes a very us good letter. She treated 4. Of Time; as, "Now, to-day, yesterday, alvery kindly. You ready, before, heretofore, hitherto, lately, long since, might assist us daily. long ago, to-morrow, not yet, hereafter, henceforth, Thou couldst speak flu- henceforward, by and by, instantly, presently, imently. He would talk in. cessantly. They should mediately, straightway, oft, often, oft-times, oftenreturn to day. I may times, sometimes, soon, seldom, daily, weekly, have acted unjustly. He monthly, always, when, then, ever, never, again,' must have spoken rashly. She might have written &c. better. We could have 5. Of Quantity; as, "Much, little, sufficiently, punished him then. They how much, how great, enough, abundantly," &c. would have gone in- 6. Of Manner or Quality; as "Wisely, foolishstantly. Lesson 18-To write ly, justly, unjustly, quickly, slowly, badly, ably, adwell requires practice. mirably," &c. To walk much will fa 7. Of Doubt; as, "Perhaps, peradventure, postigue you. To slander sibly, perchance," &c. one's neighbor indicates a bad heart. To have re- 8. Of Affirmation; as, "Verily, truly, undoubt mained there would have edly, doubtless, certainly, yea, yes, surely, indeed, ruined the army. To rarely," &c. have denied his master 9. Of Negation; as, " Nay, no, not, by no means, caused Peter's remorse. To have pleased him not at all, in no wise,” &c. would have gratified me. 10. Of Interrogation; as, "How, why, where Rising early and walk- fore, whether," &c. ing abroad improved his health. We often resolve but 11. Of Comparison; as, "More, most, better, seldom perform. - best, worse, worst, less, least, very, almost, little, When will they arrive? alike," &c. Where shall we stop? consent. He can ously refused to give his The Potential mood expresses the power or posread sibility, liberty, will or obligation of acting, being, well. She can write very or suffering; as, I can ride, it may rain, he may go correctly. or stay, he would walk, they should learn." Present Tense. The Present Tense of the Potential mood is formed by prefixing the auxiliary, may, can, or must, to the verb; as, Singular. Plural. RULES. XIX.-The infinitive mood may be governed by a verb, noun, or adjective. XX.-The infinitive mood is often made abso 1. 1 may, can, or must love, 1. We may, can, or must love, lute, or used independ2. Thou mayst, caust, or must 2. Ye may, can, or must love. ently on the rest of the love, 3. They may, can, or must sentence. love. 3. He may, can, or must love; Imperfect Tense. Exercises in Parsing. Lesson 19.- We should An The Imperfect Tense of the Potential mood is endeavor to please. formed by prefixing the auxiliary, might, could, industrious man loves to would, or should, to the verb; as, 1. 1 might, could, would, or 1. should love, 2. Thou mightst, couldst, wouldst, or shouldst love, 3. He might, could, would or should love; We might, could, or should love, 2. Ye might, could, or should love, 3. to labor. Boys ⚫ love play. He prepared to go. would They, who will not sow, must not expect to reap. would, You should strive to learn. He might have intended They might, could, would, to write a letter. They or should love. expressed a desire to improve. It requires patience to study much. She appears anxious to please. form- lle appeared happy to have, striving to break their hear it. We heard them prison. Endeavoring to must vinced himself. Suspectpersuade others he conmust avoid all intercourse. ing them, he studied to Lesson 20. To confess the truth, I could not hear him. To finish the relation, he defeated his eneThe Pluperfect Tense of the Potential mood is they behaved very indismies. To say the least, formed by prefixing the auxiliaries, might have, creetly. He might avoid could have, would have, or should have, to the per- going. Thou mayst refect participle; as, The Infinitive mood expresses the action, being, returned sooner. He or passion, in a general manner, unlimited by any ought to know better. distinction of number or person. Love and obey thy parents, if thou wouldst enjoy a long and prosperThou buildest the the walls that thou mayst rule the city. He stud ies his lesson diligently that he may recite well. The Present tense is formed by prefixing the sign to, to ous life. the verb; and the Perfect by prefixing the sign, to, and auxiliary, have, to the perfect participle; as, XXI. RULE. OF PREPOSITIONS. A Preposition serves to connect words with one Prepositions another, and to show the relation between them. govern the objective case. They are generally put before nouns and pronouns ; as, "He went from London to York; They were instructed by him." Exercises in Parsing. Lesson 21. He stopped at Boston. He resides in The following is a list of the principal prepositions. New-York. She wore a crown of gold on her At up head. He went to the in upon for beyond amidst touching before through concerning throughout instead of beside towards until river. They fight their lives. They passed by Troy. He walks up the hill. They sat upon the ground. She went into the house. I write with a pen. He dwells within this town They have gone over the river. I passed under the bridge. on to without near for over OF VERBS,- continued. II. A Neuter Verb expresses neither action nor They travelled through passion, but simply being, or a state of being; as, France in haste, towards "I am, I sit, I stand." aid of charity, he sup- 2. Be, be thou, or do thou 2. Be, be ye, or do ye it. Be not wise in thy own conceit. be; be. INDICATIVE MOOD. 1. We are, Thou art, I am happy to see you 1. I a than he. more beautiful than her sister. We are often below our am, 3. He is; wishes, and above our 1. I was, deserts. Why are you so 2. Thou wast, heedless? The spirit of 3. He was; true religion is social, kind and cheerful. In your whole behaviour, be humble and obliging. He 1. I have been, 2. Ye are, Imperfect Tense. 1. We were, has certainly been diligent, 2. Thou hast been, and he will probably suc 2. Ye have been, ceed. From virtue to vice, 3. He has or hath been; 3. They have been. vine hand pours around 1. I shall or will be, 1. We shall or will be, us? There is nothing in human life more amiable 2. and respectable, than the 3. character of a truly humble and benevolent man. Thou wilt or shalt be, 2. 3. Ye will or shall be, Second Future Tense. There needs no ghost come 1. I shall have been, 1. We shall have been, 2. Thou wilt have been, 2. Ye will have been, |