they had visited Ulle during his absence, he had heard of; he even knew the names of two men, Lewis and Marmol, who had come from the great island of Britannia; and he, therefore, by the description, knew our ship. Being very partial to the whites, he urged the islanders to go on board, which they, at first, declined; for according to tradition, the white men devoured the black. How they came to this opinion was an enigma to us, for, except an ancient tradition, that, at a very remote period, a large ship had sailed past Kawen, they had no other idea of European ships, but such as had been communicated to them by Kadu. His promise to barter some iron for them, at last induced them to come on board, and here he immediately remained with us, as the reader is already informed. The precaution with which we had him watched was quite superfluous; he slept quietly during the night, and awoke with the first dawn of morning, cheerful and happy."

On the 24th of February they sailed, and the narrative continues:-"Five boats which followed us from Aur, and in which there were three Tamons, Tiuraur, Lebeuliet, and Kadu's benefactor, Tigedien, now came on board. Kadu, who had been presented with a yellow cloak, and red apron, walked proudly in his ludicrous finery, without condescending to notice his companions, who gazed on him with astonishment from their boats, and could not conceive the metamorphosis. In vain they cried Kadu! Kadu!' He did not deign them a look, but walked proudly about on the deck, always taking care to turn himself in such a manner that they might be able

to

admire his finery. When I learnt that there were three Tamons in the boats, I commissioned Kadu to invite them, as I could not extend the permission to all the savages on account of their numbers; he felt greatly honoured, conducted himself with much dignity, and, after a short speech, first introduced to me Tigedien on deck, as the most distinguished. This old man, with silver white hair and beard, had a venerable and pleasing countenance, but his tall, strong body was bent with age. He presented me with some rolls of mogan; and, while I was conversing with him, Kadu invited the other chiefs, who were likewise very old, on board. The dress of the Tamons differed but little from that of the other savages; they were only more tattooed, and wore round their necks ornaments of fish-bones, which I afterwards learnt supplied the place of orders. Kadu, to give himself consequence, conducted the guests about the ship, gave them explanations of all the wondrous things which they saw, and knew how to conduct himself so cunningly, as to make it appear that he had a perfect idea of every thing he tried to explain; he talked with particular diffuseness on trifling subjects, and generally produced laughter. When they saw a sailor take a pinch of snuff, and questioned him, who had never seen it himself, he was not at all embarrassed; he took up the box, and certainly told them many surprising things respecting it, as they listened to him with the greatest attention: but when, to make the matter quite plain to them, he took up the snuff to his nose, he threw the box

from

from him, and began to sneeze and to cry so immoderately, that his astonished auditors ran from him in different directions; but he soon collected himself, and knew how to turn the affair into a joke. Kadu's explanation of the cannon convinced us that he was acquainted with them; for he told them that if the islanders ventured to steal any thing, they would beat down all the cocoa and bread-fruit trees with them; and further related, that Lewis and Marmol, in their visit to Ulle, when the inhabitants had stolen something from the ship, had not ceased shooting down the trees, till the property stolen had been returned. Setting aside this little difference they must have conducted themselves with much humanity, as Kadu had a very great respect for white men, and liked so much to be with us. The Tamons now attempted to dissuade him from his resolution, but he only shook his head, embraced me, and said, I remain with you wherever you go!'

"We learnt that there was still another chief of the name of Lamary, under whose power the island groups from Aur to Bigar were subjected, and who was now absent to assemble a military force, with which he intended to seize

upon the group of Mediuro, lying to the south of Aur. Its inhabitants often make incursions upon Aur, Cawen, and Otdia, to seize provisions, of which they are in great want, on account of the numerous population. An incursion on Lamary's island, by which a man lost his life, was now to be punished. Kadu told us that the most shameful pillage was committed upon Otdia; the enemy

1821.

destroyed every thing they could not carry off. By this information the riddle was solved, why we every where had found newlyplanted trees. The people appeared to us unfit for war, and their short, miserable lances confirmed us in this opinion. We now learnt that even the women take a part in the war, loaded with baskets filled with stones, which they throw, as they form the rearguard, over the heads of their warriors, into the hostile army; they likewise afforded succour to the wounded, and Kadu, who has been in many such battles, assured us that the women were of great service in war."

During the whole night previously to their leaving Aur, they had heard the drums and songs of the savages; when the sails were set, the noise on shore increased, and Kadu thought that it was done to wish them a happy voyage:

66

Kadu, to whom we had given a shirt and a light sailor's jacket, was in an excellent humour at this dress, which he liked very much, till the motion of the ship made him sea-sick, and very lowspirited; but his health and good temper soon returned, and he did not appear to miss his friends in the least. At half-past two, three low islands were descried in the north from the topmast, which Kadu immediately recognized to be a part of the group of Ailu, where he had once been. He thought that the small island of Temo must lie S. W. and Ligiep farther to the west. We were now under the lee of the group of Ailu, seven miles distant from it, and were, therefore, obliged to tack the whole night to reach it.

H

"The

"The 1st of March, at daybreak, we had already gained so much, that we were under the lee at its south point, which is formed by the island of Ailu, after which the whole group is called.

"The length of the whole island was scarcely a mile, its breadth a quarter of a mile; it had a pleasing appearance, and was distinguished from the rest by its high palm-trees. We approached the island of Ailu, from which we saw columns of smoke ascending, and people walking about. After we had sailed round it, we went along the southern side of the group, which consists wholly of coral reefs; and when we had, sailed round this also, we were in calm water: we now continued our course northward, near the reef, in the hope of finding a passage. We soon saw three boats coming through the reefs, but found the passage too narrow for us to penetrate through it. Two boats came so near to us that we could speak with the islanders, and Kadu's joy, at seeing some of his old acquaintance, was as great as their astonishment to find him with us. None of them ventured on board, but a long conversation took place from the boats with Kadu, who related to them all he knew about us, and also that he was determined to go with us, but that we intended to pass some days near their island. At this last news the savages expressed much pleasure, showed us, towards the north, a passage, which according to their opinion, would be wide enough, and we immediately spread more sail to reach it before the evening.

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"Near Ailu, three boats immediately came up to our ship, and

Kadu, in his sailor's dress, did not neglect to place himself on the deck, in such a position that he could be distinctly seen. He condescendingly called out to them, that he was Kadu, they need not fear to come on board; but they, scarcely trusting their eyes, did not venture, till after they had had a long conversation with him. After they had sufficiently examined and admired the dress of their old friend, he explained to them with much dignity all the other objects, and thought it quite natural that they should behave to him with as much submission as if he had been a distinguished Tamon. Afterwards he had even the politeness to accompany them on shore, and took, without ceremony, the place of honour in the canoe; the simple savages sung and rejoiced, and carried him on their shoulders through the water, without considering that he had only been a common man like themselves a few days before; a zeal which he probably heightened by some old nails which he took with him from the ship to give them. When he arrived on shore, he sat down with much gravity; they all surrounded him, standing, and he related to them his important adventures and experience.

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"Kadu went with us on board; the islanders accompanied us in their canoes, filled with cocoanuts, which they offered us without desiring any thing in return. On account of the scarcity of fruit among them, I was much moved at this generosity and disinterestedness, and richly rewarded them with iron.

"At Capeniur, I visited a chief, who, according to his appearance,

must

must have been far above a hundred years old; snow-white woolly hair covered his head and chin: his lean and shrivelled body scarcely resembled that of a human being, and yet he enjoyed the privilege of these happy islanders; his spirits were cheerful, and his mental faculties unimpaired. It appeared more and more enigmatical to me, how the population could be so scanty, and yet the health of the people so durable, till Kadu gave me the following reason; on account of the scarcity of provisions, the barbarous and revolting law prevails, that no mother is allowed to bring up more than three children; the rest must be sacrificed. We ourselves experienced the beneficent influence of this climate on the body; as, notwithstanding the want of fresh provisions, we were never better in health.

"The 13th. At day-break, we observed that the current had carried us during the night eight miles to the S. W. 40°, and directed our course to the strait, which is formed on the north by Udirick and on the south by Togai. At eight o'clock we had passed them, and were under the lee of Suwaroff's group, into which I intended to penetrate; but as we could not find any passage broad and deep enough for our ship, I resolved to remain here only one day under sail to speak to Lamary. Four canoes soon appeared with their chief, and were about to repeat the same ceremonies as last year, when they, to their great astonishment, recognized Kadu. Lamary remained only a short time with us on board, because his people were afraid that we might keep him. He was distinguished from the

other islanders less by his dress than his tall and robust person. His face indicated much sense, but his right eye, smaller than the left gave him a sly look. Kadu afterwards told us, that Lamary was now about thirty years old, a native of Arno, and came some years ago to Aur; had murdered its chief without any provocation, and usurped the dominion; thence he had gone to Kawen, and continued to proceed farther to the north with his partisans, to Udirick; had every where murdered the most distinguished chiefs, and now ruled with unlimited sway over the whole chain from Radack to Aur. It is remarkable that the island of Sumatra was anciently known to the Arabs under the name of Lamary; from which one might suppose that the population of the Carolinas, as well as of these groups, had its origin in the Philippine Islands; and the more so, as these nations resemble each other very much. After I had made Lamary a few presents on his short visit, he took from his neck a curiously-worked fish-bone, which is worn here for distinction, which he did me the honour to present to me, and immediately left the ship; the other islanders would, however, not be deterred from stopping to hear Kadu's wonderful explanations. I learnt from them, that Bigini, the most northern group of the Radack chain, was exactly to the east of us, and this is perhaps the same known from the chart, under the name of Pescadores, and which has been seen only once. I was told that the island of Bigar was to the N. N. E. and the islanders informed me, that Lamary was soon going there to catch turtle, H 2

and

and to lay them up as a provision for the approaching war.

"Two of Kadu's fellow-sufferers, whom Lamary had brought to this island, came to us; one of them, a very old man, was particularly beloved by Kadu, and he resolved to take him with him without saying a word to me. The old Carolinian was beside himself for joy; but fell into a violent passion when I refused his request. He abused Kadu, and besought me to leave the latter in his stead; and in vain were all my representations, that he could not endure a voyage in his old age. I would willingly have complied with his unremitting entreaties, if I had not expected his death almost to a certainty. After the islanders had sufficiently admired all the treasures, Kadu asked my permission to accompany them. M. Chamisso also went, to make himself farther acquainted with the island. The old Carolinian was obliged to be taken by force into the boats, as he would absolutely stay; and they all left us. In a few hours M. Chamisso and Kadu returned on board, accompanied by several canoes filled with cocoa-nuts. They had not been able to land, as it was impossible to penetrate into the basin of the group, on account of the small opening and the contrary wind; and on the outer side they were unable to pass on account of the violence of the breakers, through which Kadu and the other savages swam, while M. Chamisso waited his return in the boat.. I now again represented to Kadu, that it was the last moment that he had to refect. I told him that we should never return to Radack; that he

could have no hopes of ever going to Ulle; and that he had to expect a long and fatiguing voyage. He threw both his arms round me, vowed to remain with me till death, and nothing remained for me except to keep him, and with a firm determination to provide for him as a father. He distributed in haste all his treasures, and we left Udirick.

"On the 18th of April, we saw the island of Amuchta, and, on the 21st, we were in great danger between Oonemack and Oonalashka. Circumstances obliged us to come pretty near to the land lying opposite to us, when a sudden storm drove us on the coast, and we could already calcu late the moment of our destruction, when the wind unexpectedly veered; a change very frequent near high land.

"The high mountains, covered with ice, of which there are a great many here, astonished Kadu beyond measure. He would not believe that it was land, and it is not surprising, that he, who had hitherto seen nothing but small, low islands, covered, with the loveliest verdure, should not recognize as land, masses of ice, towering into the clouds. I never saw him regard any thing with more astonishment than snow. To satisfy his curiosity, he one day, when it was falling in very large flakes, gave himself the trouble to catch some, and was seized with a shuddering, when it suddenly vanished in his hand; full of mistrust, he looked at all of us, and thought himself transported into a land of enchantment.

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