as other agricultural products," on conditions similar to those prescribed for the experiment station at Dickinson, except the provision for an additional member of the board of trustees of the agricultural college at Fargo. (1909.)

Sections 1657 and 1661 provide an annual appropriation of $3,000 for the establishment and maintenance of a “serum institute" at the agricultural college and experiment station, to be under the control and regulation of the board of trustees of the same. The professor of veterinary science is to be the director of the serum institute. (1909.)

Sections 1658 and 1659 outline the duties of the director of the serum institute: "To manufacture or cause to be manufactured vaccines, sera, and other agents for the prevention, eradication, cure, and control of tuberculosis, glanders, hog cholera, blackleg, and other infections or contagious diseases," and to distribute to residents of North Dakota, free of charge, the products referred to, under such conditions as may be prescribed by the live-stock sanitary board. (1909.)

Sections 1662, 1663, 1664, 1665 provide that the board of trustees of the North Dakota Agricultural College may cooperate with, and accept the cooperation of, the directors of the Federal surveys in executing a topographic, economic, and agricultural survey and map of North Dakota," including also the collection of samples of all kinds of material and products of economic or scientific interest discovered during the survey, to be placed on exhibition in the museum of the agricultural college. (1901.)

Sections 1666, 1667, 1668 provide for publication of the maps and reports resulting from the survey, and for biennial reports to the governor on the progress of the work. (1901.)

Section 1670 provides for an annual appropriation of $1,000 for the work of the survey. (1901.)

Sections 1669, 1671, 1672 provide that the professor of geology of the North Dakota Agricultural College shall act as State director of this survey; that "this survey shall be known as the Agricultural College Survey of North Dakota," and that "this act is not to be construed as conflicting in any manner with or repealing the geological survey of North Dakota already established at the State university." (1901.)

COURSES OF INSTRUCTION.

The act establishing the agricultural college specified certain courses of instruction which should be offered, but when the college opened, in 1891, formal curricula were not immediately provided. The following subjects, which were later organized into courses of study, were taught: "Household economics, agriculture, chemistry, veterinary science, horticulture and forestry, botany, zoology, mechanics, mathematics, language, history, geography, geology, and military tactics." The first catalogue was issued for the year 1892–93. The first real course of study formulated was known as the "general science course," and enabled students by election to specialize in chemistry or biology, as well as agriculture.

The list of courses of instruction announced for 1915-16 includes the following:

Division of Applied Agriculture.-Farm management, breeding, genetics, farm practices.

Division of Agronomy.-Farm crops, soil physics and management, soil fertility, crop production, methods of investigation.

Division of Animal Husbandry.—Judging live stock, breeds of live stock, feeds and feeding, animal nutrition, care and management, herd-book study. Division of Dairy Husbandry.-Elements of dairying, buttermaking, ice cream, cheese making, dairy cattle and milk production, city market-milk supplies.

Division of Botany and Plant Pathology.-Seed analyses and seed testing, plant physiology and pathology, advanced botany and investigation, elementary pharmaceutical botany, botany (elements and structural).

Division of Zoology and Physiology.-Zoology foundations, embryology, animal histology, cytology, and microscopic anatomy, animal parasites, advanced vertebrate embryology, human physiology, advanced comparative physiology, economic zoology investigation.

Division of Bacteriology.—Bacteriology, pathogenic bacteriology, soil biology, dairy bacteriology, bacteriology of water and sewage, soil bacteriology.

Division of General and Historical Chemistry.-General chemistry, experimental chemistry, inorganic chemistry, qualitative chemistry.

Division of Agricultural Chemistry.-How crops grow, soils and feeding of plants, chemistry of soils, dairy chemistry.

Division of Quantitative, Organic, and Physical Chemistry.-Elementary quantitative chemistry, quantitative analysis, organic chemistry, organic preparations, physical chemistry.

Division of Food and Physiological Chemistry.-Veterinary chemistry, physiological chemistry, sanitary chemistry, chemistry of plant and animal life, toxicology and urinology, inorganic constituents, chemistry of food materials, food chemistry.

Division of Industrial Chemistry.—Industrial chemistry for engineers, inorganic industrial chemistry, organic industrial chemistry, technological analysis. Division of Pharmacy.-Theory and practice of pharmacy, operative pharDivision of Pharmacy.-Theory and practice of pharmacy, operative pharmacy macy and pharmaceutical preparations, pharmacopoeial preparations, volumetric methods, alkaloidal analysis, pharmaceutical testing, prescription reading and writing and incompatibilities, prescription practice, drug assaying, United States Pharmacopoeia and National Formulary, pharmaceutical research, veterinary pharmacy.

Division of Materia Medica and Therapeutics.-Materia medica, materia medica and therapeutics.

Division of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Problems.-Pharmacognosy (inorganic drugs), study of organic drugs, pharmaceutical and chemical problems, pharmaceutical Latin.

Department of Education.-History of education, psychology, childhood and adolescence, principles of teaching, agricultural and industrial education, education in the United States and educational administration, educational investigations, observation and practice, school law, the high school, education and society, rural education, current educational literature.

Division of Mechanical Engineering.-Wood shop, forge shop, machine shop, mechanical drawing, descriptive geometry, mechanical perspective, machine design, pattern shop, molding, internal-combustion engines and gas producers, manual training, testing laboratory, gas engineering, steam engineering, mechanism, mechanics of materials, analytical mechanics, materials of construction, heat engines, thermodynamics, electric machines, refrigeration and pneumatic machinery.

Division of Physics.-College physics, household physics.

Division of Civil Engineering.—Surveying, surveying for agricultural students, civil engineering drawing, land surveying, topographic surveying, railroad curves and earthwork, roads and pavements, railroad engineering, graphic statics, details, hydraulics, masonry construction, water-supply engineering, bridge stresses and details, bridge design, sewerage, engineering contracts and specifications, concrete and drainage for agricultural students, water purification, sewage disposal and sanitation, reinforced concrete design.

Division of Architecture and Architectural Engineering.—Elements, water color, free-hand drawing, architectural design, building construction and superintendence, clay modeling, history of architecture, plumbing, history of sculpture and painting, professional practice and inspection, railroad structures.

Free-hand Drawing and Industrial Art.-Elementary drawing, free-hand drawing, water color.

Department of English and Philosophy.-Exposition, argumentation, history of English literature, Milton, introduction to the drama, prose fiction, Wordsworth, Tennyson and Browning, essays, English scientific writers, advanced English composition, playwriting, logic, introduction to philosophic problems, ethics.

Department of Geology and Mineralogy.-Dynamic, physiographic, and structural geology, historical geology, economic and applied geology, practical field methods, formation of soils, glacial geology, descriptive mineralogy, determinative mineralogy and blowpipe analysis, metallurgy and assaying, meteorology, and climatology.

Department of History and Social Science.-Economic and social history of the United States, survey course in the history of agriculture and closely allied industries, agrarian history of the United States, history of Greek civilization and art, modern industrial history, American government and citizenship, sociology, political economy, rural sociology, current events, principles of cooperation, rural economics.

Department of Home Economics.-Food preparation, home architecture, foods and economic problems of food supply, economic uses of food, household management, therapeutic diet, dietetics, presentation of domestic science, theory and practice of teaching, social observances, household hygiene and sanitation, home nursing, institutional management, domestic art, drafting, undergarment making, dressmaking, millinery, textiles, presentation of domestic art, house decoration, domestic art design, art needlework.

Physical Training for Women.-Hygiene.

Department of Horticulture and Forestry.-Plant propagation, principles of plant culture, advanced general gardening, plant growth and improvement, landscape gardening, forestry, entomology, floriculture.

Department of Mathematics.-Descriptive astronomy, higher algebra, plane trigonometry, analytical geometry, differential calculus, integral calculus, biometry, slide rule, graphs, differential equations, mathematics of investment. Department of Military Science and Tactics.-Target practice; military

tactics.

Department of Modern Languages.-German: Grammar, reading and composition, modern prose, Schiller, comedies, Goethe, modern drama, Faust, Heine and the romantic school, modern fiction, lyric poems, scientific German, masterpieces in German literature, history of German literature. French: Grammar, reading and composition, modern prose, modern comedies, classic dramas, modern fiction, modern drama, lyric poems, journalistic French, history of French literature.

46136°-Bull. 27-17-4

Department of Music.-Harmony, theory, musical history. Organizes cadet band, college orchestra, boys' glee club, girls' glee club, mixed chorus.

Department of Physical Training and Athletics.-Directs the athletic sports, and conducts classes in physical training.

Department of Public Discussion and Social Service.-Elementary public speaking, forensics, debate, ex tempore speech, community programs, dramatics; supervision of numerous literary contests.

Department of Veterinary Science.-Veterinary science, practical pathology and bacteriology, animal pathology, anatomy, hygiene, materia medica, pharmacy, physiology.

Agricultural and Manual Training High School.-Four-year high-school courses designated as follows: (1) Agriculture, (2) General science, (3) Mechanic arts, (4) Curriculum for rural teachers.

(1) Agriculture, (2) General science, (3) Mechanic arts, (4) Curriculum for rural teachers.

Industrial and Special Curricula.-The following special short courses are announced:

Department of College Extension.-Lists the following activities: Industrial contests, boys' and girls' institute, high-school lecture course, extension schools, public school cooperation, press service, assisting in organization of farmers' clubs or business associations, exhibits, package libraries.

SUMMARY OF CHRONOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT.

The development of certain important features of the work of the agricultural college is set forth in the following summary:

1891. The North Dakota Agricultural College opened October 15, offering instruction in the following subjects: Household economics, agriculture, chemistry, veterinary science, horticulture and forestry, botany, zoology, mechanics, mathematics, language, history, geography, geology, military tactics.

1893. Four-year course in agriculture announced.

1896.

Four-year course in mechanics announced. Prior to this date elective courses in wood shop and machine shop were offered as parts of a general course of study leading to the B. S. degree.

1897. Four-year course in mechanical engineering announced. 1898.

Two-year course in steam engineering offered; separate organization of department of dairying.

1899. Department of history and social science organized, with one instructor in history and civics.

1902. Courses in pharmacy offered.

1908. Organized first two years of four-year course in veterinary medicine and surgery; department of education organized; course in civil engineering announced; two-year course in power machinery announced; agricultural

students allowed to specialize in (1) agriculture, (2) agronomy, or (3) animal husbandry; department of public discussion and social service organized.

1909.

Teachers' course added under course in agriculture.

1910. Course in chemical engineering announced.

1912. Short course in architecture announced; course in agricultural engineering announced.

1913.

Two-year course for builders and contractors announced.

1914. Course in architectural engineering announced.

1915. Course in agricultural engineering transferred from department of agriculture to department of engineering and physics; two-year and four-year courses in pharmacy organized.

SUBSTATIONS, FARMS, ETC.

The long list of substations, experiment farms, surveys, and regulatory work provided by laws already cited make the field of operation of the agricultural college as wide as the State.

FIG. 9.-Demonstration work under the direction of the North Dakota Agricultural College.

In addition to the experiment station at Fargo, there are five substations-Williston, Dickinson, Hettinger, Langdon, and Edgeleyeach having $5,000 a year for its support. There are also 22 demonstration farms, located at the following places: Bathgate, Beach, Carrington, Dawson, Granville, Hazleton, Hoople, Jamestown, Larimore, Lakota, McLeod, Mohall, Mott, New Salem, Oakes, Park River, Portland, Rugby, Sanborn, Tioga, Washburn, and Wahpeton. (See fig. 9.)

It is only a question of time when, under the provisions of the Smith-Lever bill, there will be an agricultural agent for each county in the State.