cannot have reached its end. To Israel a future is promised by the word of prophecy which they transmitted. Signs are not wanting that great events are before us; it is possible that after social, political, and religious convulsions, also for Israel "the time of redemption draweth nigh."

The homeless Jew, a wanderer through centuries, the emigrant from Zion, "the perfection of beauty," whence the seer saw God shine forth,1 the Israelite has preserved his traditions according to the letter if not according to the spirit. He has known how to bear servitude, persecution, hatred, and violence of the most revolting kind even in our days-to the shame of the century be it said; he has nobly done his duty to the scattered remnant of his people, and he has surely not been wanting in generosity towards the whole of mankind. It is true that since the beginning of Semitic history one of the two nationalities forming the Israelite community has alternately oppressed the other; at different times the Israelites have been robbed of their land and scattered into strange countries. Many of their failings, their habits of seclusion, and the much to be regretted preference of money-dealings to agriculture may thus be explained. In our days, through the exemplary beneficence of an Israelite in Austria, the settlement as agriculturists of numerous evicted Jews, or of such who had fled from the most inexcusable oppression, has taken place, a measure more appropriate than any other for the gradual removal of this evil.

Always ready to submit to the laws of the countries which their lot had assigned to them, the Israelite has been purified in the school of affliction; under unfair

1 Ps. 1. 2.

pressure, his undertakings have prospered; he has distinguished himself in many a handicraft and trade, in many branches of science and art; he has learnt to sing "the Lord's song in a strange land;" he has not forgotten the time when the Lord turned the captivity of Zion, and he looks forward to the time when it will again be said among the nations: "The Lord hath done great things for them, the Lord hath done great things unto us, whereof we are glad."

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ABEL.-LINGUISTIO ESSAYS. By Carl Abel. CONTENTS: Language as the Expression of National Modes of Thought-The Conception of Love in some Ancient and Modern Languages-The English Verbs of Command-The Discrimination of Synonyms-Philological Methods-The Connection between Dictionary and Grammar-The Possibility of a Common Literary Language for the Slav NationsCoptic Intensification-The Origin of Language-The Order and Position of Words in the Latin Sentence. Post 8vo, pp. xii. and 282, cloth. 1882. 9s. ABEL.-SLAVIO AND LATIN. Ilchester Lectures on Comparative Lexicography. Delivered at the Taylor Institution, Oxford. By Carl Abel, Ph.D. Post 8vo, pp. vi.-124, cloth. 1883. 58.

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