or policy could devise, to bring it to a successful issue. For this purpose they bent their course down the Susquehannah, warring with the Indians in their way, and having penetrated as far as the mouth of it, they by the terror of their arms, engaged a nation now known by the name of Nanticocks, Conoys, and Tuteloes, who lived between Chesapeake and Delaware Bays, and bordering on the tribe of Chohocki, to enter into an alliance with them.They also formed an alliance with the Monakans, and stimulated them to a war with the Lenopi and their confederates. At the same time the Mohawks carried on a furious war down the Hudson, against the Mohicrons and River Indians, and compelled them to purchase a temporary, and precarious peace, by acknowledging them to be their superiors, and paying an annual tribute. The Lenopi being surrounded with enemies, and hard pressed, having lost many of their warriors, were at last compelled to sue for peace, which was granted to them upon the condition that they should put themselves under the protection of the Mingoes; confine themselves to raising corn, hunting for the subsistence of their families, and no longer have the power of making war. This is what the Indians call making them women. And in this condition the Lenopi were, when William Penn first arrived and began the settlement of Pennsylvania, in 1662.

From the figurative language of the Indians, as well as from those we are still acquainted with, it is evident that it was, and still continues to be, a constant custom among the Indians, to gather up the bones of the dead, and deposit them in a particular place.* Thus when they make peace with any nation with whom they have been at war, after burying the hatchet, they take up the belt of wampum and say, "We now gather up all the bones of those who have

* These depositories were called barrows.

been slain, and bury them," &c.-[See all the treaties of peace.] Besides, it is customary, whenever any of them die at a distance from home, to bury them, and afterward to come and take up the bones and carry them home. At a treaty which was held at Lancaster with the Six Nations, one of them died, and was buried in the woods, a little distance from the town. Sometime after, a party came and took up the body, separated the flesh from the bones, by boiling and scraping them clean, and carried them to be deposited in the sepulchres of their ancestors. The operation was so offensive, that no one could come near them while performing it. Jefferson's Notes.

N. B. Joseph carried the bones of his Father from Egypt to Canaan, to bury them in the family tomb, and his descendants carried his bones also to bury them in Canaan, when they went up out of Egypt, to return to the land of their fathers. This custom, among many others, bears the mark of Jewish origin, and supports the conjecture, that these Indians are the descendants of the ten tribes. William Penn also remarks, that Indian Children very exactly resemble the Jewish children which are seen every day in London, and from this, with many other strong circumstances, he does not hesitate to conclude, that the Aborigines of North America were of Jewish origin.

CHAPTER XXI.

CAROLINA CONTINUED FROM THE SECOND INDIAN WAR, AND THE DISPERSION OF THE TUSCARORAS, TO THE PURCHASE OF THE PROPRIETORS' RIGHTS AND GOVERNMENT, BY THE CROWN, 1729-WITH THE ADMINISTRATION OF GOVERNOR

JOHNSTON.

WE closed our last chapter on Carolina, with the second Indian war, and remarks upon the situation of the colony, as to population, government, &c. We will now commence the history of the colony with the administration of Governor Eden, who arrived May, 1714.

In carrying forward the colony of New-York, we have had occasion to notice the disposition of certain characters high in office, to carry a slack rein of government towards certain pirates that infested the coast; for that buccaneering spirit which had raged with so much success upon the coasts of Spanish America, in the 17th century, as to occasion King Charles II. to confer the honor of knighthood upon the noted, yet very successful pirate Morgan, had now extended to the American coast, and claimed the attention of others, as avaricious, though not as successful knaves, and finally occasioned the mission of Lord Bellomont as governor of New-York, to suppress these corrupt practices. The success of his lordship in taking and executing the noted pirate Kid, in the port of Boston, we have noticed, as well as the suspicions that fell upon Fletcher, and others. Governor Eden had not long been in office before the same suspicions fell upon him, and he was accused of holding piratical intercourse with the noted pirate Theach, (commonly called Black Beard,) through the agency of the secretary of the province and collector of the customs, Tobias Knight. Although Lord Bellomont had exerted himself to suppress piracy upon the American VOL. II.

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coast, yet it was found to be a task too difficult for one man to accomplish. King George I. made an attempt to suppress it by offering pardon by proclamation, to all such pirates as should surrender themselves to any of the colonial governors within a given time. This policy had a good effect; Black-Beard and twenty others embraced the amnesty, surrendered themselves to the governor of NorthCarolina, and took the oath of allegiance to the king. The intemperate and debauched habits of Theach, soon stripped him of his ill-got wealth; and his poverty, added to a corrupt disposition, led him to procure a small vessel, fit her out on a voyage, and return to his wonted piratical life. Again Theach was successful in his cruize, and returned to port with a French ship richly laden with sugar, coffee, and cotton. By the false oaths of four of his people, he entered his prize as a ship he had found abandoned at sea ; he next landed his goods, and attempted to grave his vessel for another cruize; and to secrete his cargo, he stored twenty barrels of sugar in the barn of Secretary Knight, at whose house he was a steady visitor. This rendered the character of the governor and his secretary somewhat suspicious; a man is generally known by the company he keeps. The governor of Virginia, at the same time, offered a reward for Theach, and his associates; this roused up a Lieutenant Maynard, who commanded an armed ship, which lay in the roads, and he set sail in quest of Theach; found him, in the readiness of a pirate, bound on another eruize; attacked him, and in the heat of a desperate action, killed him and nine men out of seventeen of his crew; the rest were taken. Lieutenant Maynard had thirty men killed and wounded in the action. The pirates were tried in Virginia, and four were executed upon their own confessions, after being convicted upon the testimony of one of their comrades, who turned king's evidence. Thus the truth was disclosed, and justice took place in part.

One circumstance worthy of notice appeared against Knight; his letter directed to Theach, and containing a secret therein alluded to; but not to be expressed, shewed their intimacy at least, if not Knight's guilt; this added to the testimony of Hand, the king's evidence, fixed guilt very strongly upon Knight, and in some degree involved the governor in the suspicion. These facts, added to the circumstance of a silver cup having been found in the possession of Knight, which it appeared had been plundered from a boat on the river, by Theach, a few days before, rendered the suspicions very strong. Yet all this amounted to nothing, and the secretary and governor both es'caped without further enquiry.

At this time a mob of gentlemen broke into the office of the deputy-secretary, and seized the public records; they were arrested by an armed force, at the order of the marshal, and taken into custody; when one of the rioters reflected severely upon the governor, as being more severe against honest men than against pirates.

In March 1722, Governor Eden died, and Thomas Pollock was again chosen president; who died shortly, and was succeeded by William Reed, in the presidency, who presided until George Barrington, the governor, arrived the ensuing summer.

In the year 1717, the county of Bath had been alarmed by an other insurrection of the Indians, and several white people were murdered; but the vigilance and activity of the English, soon compelled the Indians to sue for peace, which was granted the same year.

"Governor Barrington," says Dr. Williamson," is not charged, nor was he chargeable with fraud, or corruption, for he despised rogues, whether they were small or great. Nor could he be suspected of cunning; a vice that is the more dangerous, because it personates a virtue. But he sailed without ballast." &c. He was appointed to the