Early History of Western Pennsylvania

mission to Logstown, 1748; Croghan's missions, 1750 and '51; Colonel Fry's treaty with the Indians at the same place, 1752; George Washington's mission to the French commandant at Le Bœuf, 1753; the erecting of a Fort, at or near the junction of the Allegheny and Monongahela; its surrender to the French; the erection of Fort Du Quesne; George Washington's Expedition; capitulation of Fort Necessity, in 1754; General Braddock's arrival, progress of his march, defeat, &c., 1755; Colonel John Armstrong's Expedition to Kittanning, and signal defeat of the Indians there, 1756; General John Forbes' Expedition, Grant's defeat, evacuation of Fort Du Quesne by the French, 1758; the erection of Fort Pitt, by General Stanwix, 1759; Colonel H. Bouquet's Expedition, engagement with, and defeat of the Indians at Bushy run, 1763; Bouquet's Expedition into the Northwestern Territory, now Ohio, to Tuscarawas, Muskingum, &c., 1764; Lord Dunmore's war, 1774; Harmar's Expedition, 1790; St. Clair's Expedition and defeat, 1791; Wayne's Expedition and treaty with the Indians, 1793, '95; battle of Tippecanoe, 1811; Mississinewa Expedition, 1812; siege of Fort Meigs, &c., 1812; Border war in the West, and capture of Blach Hawk, 1833.

THE APPENDIX will contain copious extracts from Weiser's, Croghan's, Washington's, and other Provincial Agent's Journals, Treaties, Conferences; the correspondence between General Braddock and Governor Morris, and others; many important historical facts and thrilling incidents, that could not be noticed in the boy of the work withmy too great digression from a Historical Narrative."

Pittsburg, October, 1848.

DANIEL W. KAUFFMAN, Publisher.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.

Christopher Columbus, p. 17; Discovery and early settlement of the Country,

18; Colonies of North and South Virginia, 20; Maryland, 21; New York, 21;

New Jersey, 24; Pennsylvania and Penn, 25; French Settlements of Quebec,

27; Discoveries and Settlers on the Western Waters, 28; Notices of Indian

tribes and difficulties, 30; Washington appointed Colonel, 39; Arrival of

Braddock, 29.

CHAPTER II.

First or early settlements west of the Alleghenies, 40; On the head waters

of the Ohio, 42; In the several counties, 45; The trials and difficulties to

which they were incident, 50; Manners and Customs, 51.

CHAPTER III.

Washington's Mission to Fort Le Bœuf, 62; Erection of a Fort at the junc-

tion of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, 65; Arrival of the French from

Fort Venango, 65; Summons by the French to surrender, 66; Surrender of

the Fort by Ensign Ward, 66; Washington's Letters, 66; Notice of Half-

King, 71.

CHAPTER IV.

Washington's Expedition on the Monongahela, 73; The surprise and cap-

ture of the French detachment under Jumonville, 74; His Death, 74; Erection

of Fort Necessity, 75; Battle of the Great Meadows, and surrender of the Fort,

Vote of thanks to Washington and the Army, by the Assembly of Virgi-

nia, 87; The erection of Fort Cumberland, 89: Measures to raise additional

troops, 89; Resignation of Colonel Washington, 90.

75;

CHAPTER V.

The British Government determined to check the encroachments of the

French in America, 91; The arrival of General Braddock in Virginia, with

two regiments of regular troops, 91; Call upon Pennsylvania for money, 92;

Her resources in 1755, 92; Convention of Colonial Governors, and plan of the

campaign, 92; Expedition of General Braddock against Fort Du Quesne, 93;

The appointment of Washington as one of his Aids, 93; His difficulties in

obtaining supplies, 94; The Mission cf Franklin as Agent of the Assembly of

Pennsylvania, 95; His extraordinary services, 96; The movement of the

Army from Fort Cumberland to the Little Meadows, 98; A Council of War

called, and the plan adopted to advance with 1200 chosen men, 99; The am-

buscade of the French and Indians, 100; The Battle of the Monongahela, and

total defeat of the army, 101; The retreat under Washington, of the survivors,

105; The death and burial of General Braddock, 107; The panic of Colonel

Dunbar, and his destruction of the stores and artillery, and retreat over the

mountains, 107; A description of the battle-field, 113; The causes of Brad-

dock's defeat, 114; The burial of the relics of the slain, 112; Character of

General Braddock, by Grahame, 115.

CHAPTER VI.

Campaign of 1756, against Crown Point, Niagara, Fort Du Quesne, failed,

116; Frontiers of Pennsylvania exposed to the ravages of the Indians, 118;

Colonel Armstrong's Expedition against the Indians in 1756, 121; Their sig.

nal defeat, 125; Proceedings of the Philadelphia City Council, 129; The effect

of Armstrong's Expedition on the Indians, 131.

CHAPTER VII.

The despondency of the colonies in the beginning of 1758, 131; The change

in the British Ministry, and the appointment of William Pitt as Prime Minis-

ter, 132; His character, energy and wisdom, in the defence of the colonies,

133; The Zeal of Pennsylvania to aid the minister, 133; The assembling of

50,000 men in America, 134; The plan of the campaign, 134; The arrival of

General Forbes, at Philadelphia, at the head of 1200 royal troops, to co-operate

with 6000 provincials, in an expedition against Fort Du Quesne, 135; The as-

sembling of the provincials at Bedford and Fort Cumberland, 136; The pro-

gress of General Forbes to Loyalhanna, 137; Major Grant's unfortunate

attempt upon Fort Du Quesne, 138; The attack of the French upon Colonel

Bouquet, at Loyalhanna, and their defeat, 139; The evacuation of the fort, at

the approach of General Forbes, 140; The glorious termination of the cam-

paign, 141.

CHAPTER VIII.

The success of the English in 1759, 144; The death of Gen. Forbes, and the

appointment of Gen. Stanwix as commander-in-chief in the middle colonies,

145; The erection of Fort Pitt by Gen. Stanwix, and his conference with the

Indians, 146; Speech of the Wyandott chief, 145, The return of Gen. Stanwix

to England, 146; The capture of Montreal, and the surrender of all Canada to

the English, and peace with France, 147; The first expedition of the English

troops to the Upper Lakes, 147; Their reception by the celebrated Pontiac,

148; The Indian stratagem, capture of Michilimackinac, and massacre of the

garrison, 149; Pontiac's appearance with his warriors before Detroit, 150; His

scheme to surprize the garrison divulged by an Indian woman, 151; The battle

at the Bloody Bridge, 153; The schooner for the relief of Detroit attacked by

the Indians, 154; Their repulse, 155; Frontier Settlers massacred, 156; Many

take refuge in the interior, 158; Bouquet's Expedition against the Indians, 158;

Frontier forts in danger, 158; Bouquet's Engagement with the Indians at

Bushy Run, and their defeat, 159 ; Bouquet arrives at Fort Pitt, 163.

CHAPTER IX.

Indian barbarities at the commencement of the year 1764, 164; Colonel

Bradstreet's Expedition to the Upper Lakes, 165; Colonel Bouquet's second

expedition, 166. His advance to the Indian towns on the Muskingum, 171;

The submission of the savages, 173; The delivery of the captives to the

whites, 174; The final treaty of peace, 176.

CHAPTER X.

Lord Dunmore's War of 1774, 178; The causes that led to it, 180; Murder

of Logan's family, Bald Eagle, and others, 181; Commencement of hostilities,

181; Lewis' Expedition, 183; The battle at Point Pleasant, 184; Dunmore's

treaty, 188; Heroism of Cornstalk, character of Lewis, vote of thanks to Lord

Dunmore, 188; Remarks, 189.

CHAPTER XI.

The British intrigues with the Indians at the commencement of the Revolu-

tionary War, 191; The friendly mission of Cornstalk, Red Hawk, and Elli-

nipsico, to Point Pleasant, 192; Their detention and barbarous murder, 193;

McIntosh's campaign, 195; Brodhead's campaign, 200; The persecution of the

Moravian Indians, and their forcible removal to Sandusky, 201; Williamson's

campaign, and wanton and unprovoked murder of the Christian Indians, who

had returned to their villages on the Muskingum, 202; Crawford's campaign,

209; His retreat, capture, and sufferings at the stake, 210; Dr. Knight's and

John Slover's escape, 213; Reflections on the campaign, and manner of con-

ducting the Indian war during the Revolution, 217.

CHAPTER XII.

Capture of Kaskaskia, and other British posts on the Mississippi, in 1778,

by Colonel George Rogers Clarke, 218; His surprize of Vincennes, and its

surrender by Governor Hamilton to the American commander, 220; The

founding of Louisville, 223; The daring exploits of Simon Kenton, his cap-

tivity, sufferings, and escape, 224; Colonel Daniel Boone's expedition to an

Indian town on Point creek, 225; His defence of Boonesboro' against 500 In-

dians under Du Quesne, a British officer, 226.

CHAPTER XIII.

Colonel John Bowman's Expedition against the Ohio Indians, and its unfor-
tunate result, 231; The surprise and defeat of Major Rogers, the slaughter of

his men, and the miraculous escape of Captain Benham, 233; The combined

British and Indian expedition under Colonel Byrd, against Riddle's and Mar-

tin's forts, and the captivity of the garrisons and families under their protec-

tion, 235; Colonel Clarke's Expedition, and victory over the Indians at Pick-

awa, 236; Escape of Colonel Boone from the murderers of his brother, 237;

Captain Whitaker's successful conflict with the Indians, 238; Col. Floyd's

defeat, 238; Singular encounter of Samuel, James and Robert McAfee, 238;

The appearance of a large Indian force before Bryant's fort, 245; Its failure

to capture it, 249; The fatal battle of the Blue Licks, 249; The third Expe- -

dition of Col. Clarke, and the destruction of the Indian towns, 254.

CHAPTER XIV.

Population of Virginia and Kentucky increased, 257; Indian depredations,