and seven others were taken on board the steamboat Winnebago, conveyed down the river and confined in Jefferson Barracks, below St. Louis. Black Hawk, his two sons, Naopope, Wabokeishiek, Pamahoe and Powershiech, were kept in the Jefferson barracks until they were removed to Fortress Monroe in 1833. On the twenty-second of April, they arrived at Washington city, and had an 'intercourse with President Jackson. The first words of Black Hawk to the President were: "I AM A MAN, AND YOU ARE ANOTHER!" They expressed some dissatisfaction on being told that they were still longer to be confined, as they wished to see their wives and children. The President assured them, that their children should be taken care of, and dismissed them. On the twenty-sixth of April, the captives were taken to Fortress Monroe, situated on an island on the West side of the Chesapeake bay. On the third of June, 1833, orders were received by the commandant, for their liberation, and the next day they set out for home in a steamboat for Baltimore. At Baltimore, Philadelphia and New York, they were visited by crowds, and were taken to the theatre, the circus, and shown the arsenals, and vessels of war, which excited their wonder at the power of the whites. They visited Castle Garden in New York, and Mr. Durand ascended in a balloon, Black Hawk, on seeing him ascend and unfurl his flag, exclaimed:

"That man is a brave. I do not think he will ever come back. He must be a Sac."

One of the other chiefs replied:

If he is a Sac, he will get none of his brothers to follow in his trail. None of them will ever see the smoke of a wigwam. He will have to live alone-without any squaw.”

When the balloon had reached so great a height, as to be only a speck in the Heavens, the old chief exclaimed:

"I think he can go the Heavens-to the Great Spirit.”

The chiefs were afterwards taken by the way of Albany and Buffalo, to Chicago. Leaving Chicago, they passed up Fox River and down the Wisconsin. On the route, Black Hawk pointed out the spots, where he said, had once stood the fine villages of the Sacs, and he was much depressed at the idea that this fine country was lost to the Indians forever. Having arrived at Praire Du Chien, the Prophet was set at liberty. He was completely humbled. His village on Rock River, below Dixon, had been destroyed, and his cabin burned to the ground,his family without a protector, and he himself now obliged to find a home in the village of some neighboring chief. It was about the first

day of August, 1833, when Black Hawk and his attendants arrived at Fort Armstrong, on Rock Island, in Illinois. Here was the place selected for their liberation. A messenger was dispatched to Keokuk, the principal chief of the tribe, who returned and gave information that he would arrive during the next day. About noon, the Indian drum, accompanied by occasional shouts, were heard, which announced his approach. Keokuk, the friendly chief of the Sacs and Foxes, was in front, with two large canoes, lashed side by side, with a large canopy extended over him and his three wives, where he sat in all his dignity, with the American flag waving over the bow. About twenty canoes followed in his train, filled with his followers, who made the "welkin ring" with their wild and savage songs. Proceeding up the river, they landed on the opposite side. After some time, they sailed directly across to Rock Island, the rowing being accompanied by the wild Indian song. Keokuk was the first to land, decorated in his ornaments. He then turned to his followers and said, "The Great Spirit has sent our brother back.-Let us shake hands in friendship." He then took Black Hawk by the hand, and having saluted the others, took his seat. His example was followed by his attendants. After smoking the pipe of friendship, they separated to meet in council the next day.

The next day Keokuk with one hundred of his followers, Black Hawk and his party, met Major Garland in council, in a large room in the fort. Black Hawk and his son appeared quite dejected. After several speeches, Maj. Garland, informed Black Hawk, that it was distinctly understood by all present, that henceforth, Keokuk, and not Black Hawk, was to be the principal Chief of the nation, that he must conform to his counsels, and that the tribe must no more be divided into two bands.

On this being interpreted to him the old man became completely infuriated. The spirit and vigor of his youth broke forth like a volcano. He exclaimed, with great emotion:

"I am a man-an old man-I will not conform to the councils of any one-I will act for myself-no one shall govern me—I am old-my hair is grey-I once gave councils to my young men. Am I to conform to others? I shall soon go to the Great Spirit where I shall rest-what I said to our great father at Washington, I say again-I will always listen to him. I am done."

This was his last expiring struggle. He sat absorbed in his own feelings, when Keokuk spoke to him kindly in an under tone, and obtained leave to excuse his violence. This was done, and Black Hawk

In the evening the several chiefs were invited by Major Garland to his quarters. About seven o'clock in the evening, they arrived, and took their seats in silence. Speeches were now made by PASHEPARHO and KɛOKUк, in favor of a lasting friendship and perpetual peace with the United States, and congratulating Black Hawk and his friends upon their return to the tribe. BLACK HAWK then arose, and in a very calm and dejected manner, replied:

--

"I feel that I am an old man ;—once I could speak, but now I have but little to say. To-day we met many of our brothers, and were glad to see them. I have listened to what my brothers have said: their hearts are good-they have been like Sacs since I left them, for they have taken care of my wife and children, who had no wigwam. I thank them for it. The Great Spirit knows that I thank them, and before the Sun gets behind the hills to-morrow, I shall see them—I want to see them-I expected soon to return. I told our Great Father when in Washington that I would listen to his counsels – I now say to you I will listen to the counsels of Keokuk. I shall soon be far away-I shall have no village, no band-I shall live alone. listened to the Great Father (1) across the Great Waters. My father listened to him whose band was large. My band was once largenow I have no band. I thank our Great Father (2) for what he has done. He is old, I am old-we shall soon go to the Great Spirit, where we shall rest. He sent us through his great villages. We saw many white men, who treated us with kindness. We felt safe-we thank them. When they shall come to the Mississippi, they shall come to my wigwam. I have none now. When those who came with us return home, they will pass the place where my village once was. No one lives there now; all are gone. I give you my hand; we may never meet again. I shall long remember you. The Great Spirit will be with you and your women and children."

The party then separated in the most perfect understanding among themselves, and in fellowship and good feeling, to their homes beyond the Mississippi, never more to build their villages on the eastern side, where the great chieftain was born. (3) The war-whoop, which in 1832, reverberated along the vallies of the Illinois, the Rock river, the Wisconsin, and the Upper Mississippi, is now heard no more; and the

(1) The King of Great Britain.

(2) President Jackson.

(3) Black Hawk was born about the year 1767, on a beautiful spot, on Rock River, near Dixon, Illinois.

name of Black Hawk, which once roused the frontier men to arms, has lost its terrors. A thousand steamers have taken the place of the frail bark canoe of the Indian, upon the Father of waters, and his great tributaries. Populous towns and cities occupy ths sites of the meagre wigwam villages, and great and powerful commonwealths, inhabited by civilized and enlightened men, have been formed out of the territory, which, in the memory of many living, was the abode of the children of the forest, and the hunting ground of the roaming savage.

APPENDIX.