The various tribes of Indians throughout the whole United States, en. couraged by repeated disasters in our army in the north-west, had became restless, and every thing wore a threatening aspect in their intercourse with the whites. The Creeks and Cherokees in the south were already in arms, while the Oneidas, Tuscaroras, and other tribes. in the north, were evidently preparing for hostilities. The shock of the victory at the Rapids, under General Wayne, however, was felt in all quarters. The southern tribes instantly sued for peace: the Oneidas, conscious of their evil intentions, and fearful of the consequences, became suddenly friendly, even to servility; and within a few months, all the frontiers enjoyed the most profound peace. (1)

The conduct of the British towards their allies, also had an effect to disgust the Indians, and dispose them to seek peace with the United States. In the engagement with General Wayne, there were two companies of Canadians fighting in behalf of the Indians. (2) In their precipitate flight before the victorious troops of General Wayne, they sought and obtained a refuge from the vengeance of the pursuers, and yet the gates of Fort Miami were shut against the retreating Indians.— The great war chief, BUOCKONGAHELAS, observing this, immediately determined to abandon the British. He collected the remnant of his tribe, and embarked with them in canoes, and sailed up the river, for the purpose of treating with General Wayne. When the chief arrived opposite the British fort, he landed at the request of the commandant. When he had approached the sentinel, he demanded of the officer, "What have you to say to me?" Being told that the commandant desired to speak with him, he replied, "Then he may come HERE." The sentinel then said that the commandant would not do that, and that he would not be allowed to pass the fort unless he complied with its rules. What shall prevent me?" said the intrepid chief. "Those guns," replied the sentinel, pointing to the cannon of the fort. The chief indignantly replied :—“ 1 fear not your cannon, after promising the Indians protection, and then shutting the gates of the fort against them, and suffering the Americans to pursue the fugitives, (3) without during to fire upon them, you cannot expect to frighten BuоCKONGAHELAS.' then reimbarked and passed the fort without molestation. (4)

The tribes which furnished warriors to fight the Americans, under General Wayne, were the Wyandotts, the Miamies, the Pottawattomies,

(1) M'Clung's Sketches of Western Adventures, p. 272.

(2) Dawson's History of the War of 1812, p. 82.

"Suffering the Americans to defile your spring," is the Indian expression.

the Delawares, the Shawanese, the Chippewas, the Ottowas, and a part of the Senecas. BLUE JACKET, (1) the most distinguished chief of the Shawanese, was the director and leader of this mighty band of warriors. Their spirit was now subdued, and on the first day of January, 1795, they commenced negotiations for peace. They agreed to surrender all captives to ratify all former treaties, and to comply with such general terms as should be imposed by General Wayne. They also gave hostages for the faithful performance of their obligations. During the next summer a council was held with the chiefs of all the twelve tribes, and a treaty of peace was finally concluded with them by commissioners at Greenville, on the third day of August, 1795. As the price of this peace, they gave up an extensive tract of country south of the Lakes, and West of the Ohio, comprehending in all, about four-fifths of the whole territory of the State of Ohio, reserving about one-fifth of the territory in the north-west corner of the State. The Government agreed in consideration of relinquishing all claim to the ceded territory, to give the Indians twenty-thousand dollars in goods, and to pay them nine thousand dollars a year forever, to be divided among those tribes, in proportion to their numbers. (2)

But the effects of Wayne's victory did not end here. The news reached England in November, 1794, and enabled Mr. Jay, the American Minister to conclude on better terms, the negotiation which had been long pending between him and Lord Greenville. One important stipulation in Jay's treaty was the surrender to the United States of all the forts held or occupied in the northwest, within the jurisdiction of our government. Then and not till then, was the war of the revolution for Independence closed. The last battle was fought by Gen. Wayne, and the country was now for the first time, to enjoy independence and peace.

After all these great, splendid and meritorious services of General Wayne, the Congress of the United States took no notice of him; not so much as to allow even his name to be mentioned in the journals.This was because he was the friend of Washington! The vile spirit of party warfare, then breathed its blighting influence into every department of civil and domestic life-drying up the pure fountains of patriotism, and obliterating every nobler feeling of the human heart. Washington in his message to Congress mentioned the success of the army under Gen. Wayne, with well merited applause, but neither house, in (1) Called by the Indians, Weyapiersenwaw.

their reply even alluded to them. On his way home to Pennsylvania, he died at Presque Isle, unattended and utterly neglected. Here he was interred without a stone to tell where slept the patriot soldier that led to glorious victory the army of his country. Years afterwards, Isaac Wayne, his son, accompanied by a few of his friends, transferred his bones to the place of his nativity where they now rest in peace.(1) The fame of Anthony Wayne, will be as lasting as that of his country's. Pennsylvania, his native State, is proud of her distinguished and patriotic son. and the Union cherishes the remembrance of his deeds of noble daring, as part of its glory. No panegyric can increase his fame or render it brighter. That political demagogues, treated him with base ingratitude, took not one wreath of laurel from his brow, nor could they obliterate a single line on the bright page of history, dedicated to his brilliant achievements. His fame will never fade but grow fresher and greener to the end of time. Every citizen of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Kentucky, and the whole west, will forever cherish in their hearts, the ever dear inemory of ANTHONY WAYNE. He lives in the recollections of his countrymen to stimulate future patriot warriors to victory. Death has purified his fame and placed it beyond the reach of calumny. The memory of those short lived demagogues that fitted, for a time, in the sunbeams of party power, has long since been lost in oblivion-the dim twinkling of their transient greatness soon sunk in darkness; but the sun of Wayne's glory will never set in the western horizon of Mississippi's wide valley, until the archangel's trumpet shall call him to life everlasting.

(1) Atwater's History of Ohio, p. 150.

CHAPTER XVII.

THE UNITED STATES ESTABLISH AGENCIES AMONG THE INDIANS, AFTER THE VICTORY OF GENERAL WAYNE-THE NORTH-WESTERN TERRITORY ESTA BLISHED, AND W. H. HARRISON APPOINTED GOVERNOR-HE MAKES THIRTEEN TREATIES WITH THE INDIANS, IN ONE OF WHICH HE SECURES TO THE UNITED STATES 51,000,000 OF ACRES OF LAND-THE DELAWARES AND SHAWANESE OB. JECT TO THE TREATY, WHICH IS FINALLY RATIFIED-TECUMSEH AND HIS BRO. THER, THE PROPHET, ESTABLISH A NEW RELIGION AMONG THE INDIANS, AND CONCEIVE A PLAN TO UNITE ALL THE TRIBES AGAINST THE WHITES-GOVERNOR HARRISON MAKES A TREATY FOR MORE LAND IN 1803-TECUMSEH AND THE PROPHET OPPOSE IT, AND CONCENTRATE A BAND OF WARRIORS ON THE WABASH-GOVERNOR HARRISON INVITES TECUMSEH TO VINCENNES TO HOLD A COUNCIL-HE APPEARS WITH 300 WARRIORS-THE COUNCIL ENDS WITHOUT ANY CONCILIATION-GOVERNOR HARRISON MARCHES TO THE PROPHET'S TOWN-THE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.

After the victory of General Wayne at the rapids of the Maumee, in 1794, and the Treaty of Greenville in the succeeding year, the United States annually appropriated large sums of money for the use of the Indian tribes, and employed agents to reside among them, to minister to their wants, and instruct them in such arts of civilized life, as suited their condition. A season of peace and security now succeeded the dangers and barbarities of war, throughout the frontiers, and the tide of emigration began its flow westward. But as late as 1803, eight years after the peace, and two after General WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON received the appointment of Governor of the North-Western Territory, this vast country, now comprising the States of Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Missouri, Arkansas, Iowa and Wisconsin, was an almost unbroken waste, and inhabited only by tribes of Indians. The only towns worthy of notice, was one at the Falls of the Ohio, opposite Louisville, Vincennes, on the Wabash, five hundred miles distant, and the French settlements on the Mississippi, from Kaskaskia to Cabokia, two hundred miles further to the west.

W. H. HARRISON, was not only Governor of this territory, but was appointed by President Jefferson, sole commissioner for treating with the Indians. He concluded with them no less than thirteen treaties,(1) by one of which, FIFTY-ONE MILLIONS of acres of the richest land in the west were ceded to the United States. (2) But the sale of this vast quantity of fertile land to the governmen was not effected by the unanimous consent of all the Indians. In 1803, a council of chiefs was held at Fort Wayne, for the purpose of ratifying a negotiation for a large ex

(1) Gen. Harrison's Letter to the editor of the Ohio Confederate, dated October 18, 1839.

tent of territory, which had been agreed upon, at a former meeting at Vincennes, the seat of the territorial government. The Potawatamies and some of the Miamies, were in favor of the treaty, but the Delawares and the Shawanese opposed it, and when the agreement at Vincennes was alluded to, they were filled with indignation and wrath. BUOCHONGAHELAS, the great chief of the Delawares, who deserted the British interest after the victory of Gen. Wayne, and who was a sincere friend of the United States, violently opposed the ratification of the treaty. He declared with great vehemence, that nothing done at Vincennes was binding upon the Indians. Eloquently pleading for the rights of his nation he declared, that the tribes who sold this land, at Vincennes, had no right to it; and that he had then a chief with him who had been present, at the transfer made by the Piankishaws to the Delawares, of all the country between the Ohio and White rivers, more than thirty years before.(1)

The Shawanese were more violent, and after a stormy debate, perceiving that they could not prevent the ratification of the treaty, their chiefs as well as those of the Delawares left the council house in a body. The Shawanese afterwards submitted and the treaty was ratified. But BUOCHONGAHELAS never yielded. He would not consent to sell his country, although he desired peace. At his death, which happened in 1805, he advised his nation never to be allies of the British, but to rely upon the friendship of the United States. The Miami chief, the LITTLE TURTLE, who commanded the allied Indian army which defeated Gen. St. Clair, advocated and signed this treaty.

In the year 1804, the celebrated Shawanese chief, TECUMSEH, and his brother the PROPHET, conceived the project of uniting all the Indian tribes in a terrible war with the United States. The two brothers evidently agreed upon a plan of operation. Tecumseh and the Prophet (2) were twin brothers, and were born about five years before the commencement of the American Revolution. Soon after the conception of this project, the Prophet had a vision, and continuing for some time lifeless, preparations were made for his interment; and it was not until his

(1) Dawson's Memoirs, p. 84.

(2) The place of this renowned warrior's birth was upon the banks of the Sciolo river, near what is now Chillicothe. His father's name was Pukeesheno, which means, I am flying. He was killed in the battle of Point Pleasant, at the mouth of Kenhawa, in 1774. His mother's name was Meetheetashe, which signifies, a turtle laying her eggs in the sand. She died among the Cherokees. She had, at one birth three sons.

Ellskwatawa, which signifies a door opened, was called the Prophet; Tecumseh, which is a tiger crouching for his prey; and Kumskaka, a tiger that