Adams, John Q., iii., 411. Adams, Samuel, ii., 381; drafts protest, ii., 521; his character, ii., 542; interview with Hutchinson, ii., 555; presides at a Boston town meeting, iii., 34; delegate to Congress, iii., 37, 46, 52; at Lexington, iii., 67; excepted in Gage's proclama- tion, iii., 82; heads a party against Wash- ington, iii., 233; opposes half pay, iii., 324; votes for the Federal Constitution, iii., 537.
Admiralty courts, ii., 198; iii., 404.
Aix la Chapelle, treaty of, ii., 404.
jor general, ib.; at Philadelphia, iii., 191; in the North, iii., 200; relieves Fort Schuyler, iii., 202, 205; commands Gates's left wing, iii., 205; deprived of his command, iii., 208; again wounded, iii., 209; regains his rank in the army, iii., 319; again at Philadelphia, iii., 259, 319; his treason, iii., 319; his reward, iii., 336; letters to Washington, iii., 323; attempts to seduce the American sol- diers, iii., 336; invades Virginia, iii., 339; expedition to New London, iii., 368. Assiento treaty, ii., 276, 374.
Albemarle, county of, ii., 27, 29, 39, 43, 210, Atherton, Humphrey, lieutenant, i., 294;
213. See North Carolina. Alexander, William (Lord Sterling), ii., | 469; colonel, iii., 92; brigadier, iii., 124; at Long Island, iii., 149; sent to Con- gress with a message, iii., 151; at Prince- ton, iii., 157; major general, iii., 173; exposes Conway, iii., 234.
Allen, proprietor of New Hampshire, ii., 142, 312.
Allen, Ethan, ii., 573; iii., 75, 103, 471. Alsop, John, member of Congress, iii., 39, 137.
Amadas and Barlow, voyages of, i., 81. Amalgamation of races, i., 114, 412, 519, 568; ii., 178, 429-430.
America, name of, i., 34; aboriginal inhab- itants, i., 68.
Amerigo Vespucci, i., 34. Andre, iii., 320-324.
Andros, Governor of New York, i., 495; ii., 55, 60, 76; of New England, ii., 108- 114; of Virginia, ii., 101, 181. Annapolis, i., 569; ii., 182. Antinomianism, i., 243.
captain, i., 373; major general, i., 392, 465. Atwood, ii., 202, 205.
Bacon, Nathaniel, Jr., i., 526, 531-547, 549. Bahamas, i., 280; ii., 28, 279. Baltimore, first lord, i., 205, 206; second lord, i., 207, 346, 354, 360, 565; third lord, i., 517, 564, 566, 567, 568, 569; ii., 69–72, 74, 117, 118, 172, 322; fourth lord, ii., 322; fifth lord, ii., 322, 341, 568. Baltimore, town of, ii., 414. Bank of North America, iii., 405. Banks, ii., 107, 285, 297, 354, 380; iii., 406. Baptists, in New England, i., 289, 290, 349, 393, 403, 464, 497, 499; ii., 306, 388, 577; in Virginia, i., 512, 519; iii., 384; in Penn- sylvania, ii., 344; in the colonies gener- ally, ii., 577; in the states, iii., 481. Barbadoes, i., 133, 282, 284, 355, 356; ii., 28, 34, 35.
Barclay, Robert, ii., 61.
Barre, Colonel, ii., 524, 537; iii., 32. Bartram, ii., 413.
Baum, Colonel, iii., 202–203.
Argall, i., 113, 114, 117.
Armand, iii., 244, 313, 324.
Baxter, Richard, i., 461; ii., 147, 151.
Bayard, ii., 115, 116, 119; his trial, 204. Beaumarchais, iii., 177, 178, 268-269.
Armstrong, John, ii., 471; general, iii., 146, Belcher, Jonathan, ii., 295; agent, ii., 346,
Armstrong, Captain, iii., 431.
Arnold, Benedict (Governor of Rhode Isl- and), i., 291, 405, 467. Arnold, Benedict (the traitor), captain and colonel, iii., 74; at Ticonderoga, ib.; marches for Quebec, iii., 104; wounded, iii., 106; brigadier general, iii., 124; in command at Montreal, iii., 128; com- mands the flotilla, iii., 144; sent to Rhode Island, iii., 160; promotions over him, iii., 173; at Danbury, iii., 188; ma-
348; governor of Massachusetts, ii., 347, 350, 353, 355, 380; governor of New Jer sey, ii., 410. Belcher, chief justice of Nova Scotia, ii,
Bellingham, Richard, i., 179, 224, 298, 308, 319, 476; governor of Massachusetts, i., 271, 390, 469; his singular marriage, i., 279, 280.
Benezet, ii., 420. Bennet, Richard, i., 356, 357, 362. Berkeley, Dr. George, ii., 348.
Berkeley, Sir William, governor of Vir- | Bull, William, ii., 493; iii., 94. ginia, i., 339, 340, 366, 511, 517, 549; his implacability, i., 551, 553; opinion of free schools, i., 523; death, i., 555; joint proprietary of Carolina, ii., 25, 26, 39. Bermudas, i., 109, 111, 113; ii., 29. Bernard, governor of New Jersey, ii., 476; of Massachusetts, ii., 498, 549, 550. Beverly, i., 542, 547, 548, 556, 560, 562. Bienville, ii., 220-224, 281, 282. Blackstone, the old settler, i., 178, 231. Blair, James, ii., 173, 208, 327. Block, i., 137.
Burgoyne at Boston, iii., 82; marches from Canada, iii., 197; capitulates, iii., 212- 214; his letter to Congress, iii., 237; in Parliament, iii., 247.
Blue Laws, i., 262.
Bogardus, i., 145, 435.
Bollan, ii., 404, 431, 549.
Boone, Daniel, ii., 575; iii., 49, 97, 424. Bosomworth, Mary, ii., 478. Boston, i., 185, 196, 197; fortified, i., 219, 331; ii, 400; churches in, first, i., 187, 244, 472; second, i., 333, 381; third, i., 472; fourth, ii., 250; threatened by the French, ii., 196, 400; press riot, ii., 401; Stamp Act riots, ii., 527; custom-house riots. ii., 544; troops quartered in, ii., 547; iii., 38; massacre, ii., 555; caucus, 560; affair of the tea, iii., 26-30; public meetings in, ii., 345, 402, 527, 561; iii., 26, 34, 37; siege of, iii., 69, 82-86, 99, 107, 108, 113; British expelled, iii., 121. Boudinot, Elias, iii., 175, 426. Bourgeoise, Marguerite, ii., 89. Bowdoin, James, ii., 543; iii., 27, 37, 375; governor of Massachusetts, iii., 460, 473, 477.
Boyle, Robert, i., 461; ii., 174. Boylston, Zabdiel, ii., 300.
Braddock, ii., 448, 459-461.
Burke, Edmund, agent for New York, ii., 554; iii., 65; motions and speeches, ii., 536, 549; iii., 34, 64, 112; his opinion of Tucker's proposal, iii., 59.
Burnet, governor of New York, ii., 316–319; of New Jersey, ii., 320; of Massachu- setts, ii., 345-347.
Burroughs, hung as a wizard, ii., 159. Butler, motions and speeches in the Fed- eral Convention, iii., 488, 498, 499, 506, 519, 521, 522.
Cabot, Sebastian, i., 36, 41, 77. Cadets, Boston, ii., 355; iii., 28. Cagnawagas, or French Mohawks, ii., 130. Calef, Robert, ii., 164, 166. California, i., 48.
Cambridge Platform, i., 328. Camden, Lord, ii., 536, 537, 538. Campanius, John, i., 433. CANADA, i., 45, 90, 97; granted to the Com- pany of New France, i., 202; conquered by Kirk, but restored, ib.; embassies to and from Massachusetts, i., 377; ii., 88, 253, 258; transferred to the French West India Company, ii., 91; resumed by the crown, ii., 95; ecclesiastical system, ii, 89; system of government, 330; milita- ry force, ii., 447; ceded to the English, ii., 502; invaded by the Americans, iii., 104-107, 124; their expulsion, iii., 128.
Bradford, governor of New Plymouth, i., Canonicus, i., 164, 231, 239, 241, 251.
Bradstreet, Simon, i., 179, 319; agent to England, i., 451, 470; governor of Massa- chusetts, 497, 504; ii., 114, 147. Bradstreet, General, ii., 469, 483. Brant, iii., 116, 288.
Bray, Thomas, ii., 172.
Brebeuf, ii., 82.
Breda, peace of, i., 446-447.
Bressani, i., 430; ii., 84.
Brewster, William, i., 157, 175.
Brown, John and Samuel, i., 182-183, 194. Brownists, i., 154, 156.
Buccaneers, i., 314; ii., 29, 38, 199. Buckongahelas, iii., 456.
Canochet, i., 487. Capuchins, ii., 283.
Carleton, Sir Guy, governor of Canada, iii., 102, 103, 105; drives the Americans out of Canada, iii., 128; advances up Lake Champlain, but returns, iii., 144; com- mander-in-chief, iii., 415, 416. Carlisle, Earl of, iii., 248, 257. Carolana, ii., 25.
CAROLINA, Huguenot settlement in, i., 71; New England settlements in, ii., 26, 211; Virginia settlement in, ii., 27; charters of, ii., 25, 28, 42, 336; Constitution or Grand Model, ii., 30, 43, 211. See North and South Carolina.
Carroll, Charles, ii., 414, 568; iii., 124. Carroll, John, iii., 124, 479.
Carteret, Sir George, ii., 26, 51, 58, 61. Cartier, i., 45, 47.
Caswell, Richard, iii., 119, 183, 540. Catholics in England, i., 204; ii., 124; iii., 334; in Maryland, i., 209, 214, 359, 517; ii., 240, 325, 413; iii., 479; in New York and Massachusetts, ii., 227; iii., 479; in Pennsylvania, iii., 343; in Rhode Island, i., 459; iii., 385; disqualified in several states to hold office, iii., 385. Cayugas, ii., 86, 88; iii., 205. Cessions of western lands by New York, iii., 399, 426; Virginia, iii., 399, 449; Con- necticut, iii., 399, 462; Massachusetts, iii., 458; North Carolina, ib.; South Car- olina, iii., 532; Georgia, iii., 533. Champlain, i., 91, 92, 97; ii., 81. Charles I., his commission for the govern- ment of Virginia, i., 130; for colonial af- fairs, i., 219, 264.
Charles II., letters to Massachusetts, i., 453, 469, 497; sends commissioners to New England, i., 462; immigrants to Carolina, ii., 36.
Charleston, ii., 34, 35, 36, 377; attacks upon, ii., 231; iii., 130, 280; siege and surren- der of, iii., 305-306; evacuated, iii., 425. Charlevoix, ii., 86, 193, 281, 317, 331. Charters and Royal Patents relating to America-Cabot's first patent (1496), i., 35; Cabot's second patent (1498), i., 36; Gilbert's (1578), i., 78; Raleigh's (1583), i., 80; first of Virginia (1606), i., 94; sec- ond of Virginia (1609), i., 108; supple- mentary charter of Virginia (1612), i., 113; great patent of New England (1620), i., 152; first grant of Nova Scotia (1621), i., 169; second grant of Nova Sco- tia (1625), i., 173; first charter of Massa- chusetts Bay (1629), i., 179, 226, 264, 504; charter of Maryland (1632), i., 206, 570; of Maine (1639), i., 266; of Providence Plantations (1644, by the Parliamentary commissioners), i., 305; third grant of Nova Scotia (1656, by Cromwell), i., 389; of Connecticut (1662), i., 456, 457; ii., 110, 114, 119; iii., 374; first of Carolina (1663), ii., 25; of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (1663), i., 457; ii., 109, 114, 119; iii., 374; first of New York (1664), i., 442; second of Carolina (1665), ii., 28; second of New York (1674), ii., 55; pat-
ent of Virginia (1676), ii., 550; of Penn- sylvania (1681), ii., 62; second of Massa- chusetts (1691), ii., 142; supplement to it, ii., 311; of Georgia (1732), ii., 363, 453. Chase, iii., 42, 124, 134, 136, 449. Chaumonot, ii., 88.
Chauncy, President, i., 393, 456. Chauncy, Dr. Charles, ii., 387, 579. Checkley, John, tried for libel, ii., 308. Cherokees, i., 53; ii., 101, 228, 269, 277, 290; treaty with, ii, 333; forts built in their country, ii., 472; first war with, ii., 491, 497; cessions by, ii., 576; second war with, iii., 161; third war with, iii., 424, 425; treaty with the United States, iii., 461.
Cherry Valley surprised, iii., 263. Chickasaws, i., 53; ii., 332; war with the French, ii., 335, 336; Virginia fort in their territory, iii., 286, 352; treaty with the United States, ii., 467. Child, Dr., i., 318, 322. Chippewas, ii., 83; iii., 456. Choctaws, i., 53; ii., 332, 335; iii., 352;
treaty with the United States, iii., 461. Church, Major, i., 480, 488, 489, 493; colo- nel, ii., 136, 161, 194, 253. Church, Dr., ii., 89, 99. Church of England, i., 153, 204, 452; ii., 123, 390; in Virginia, i., 96, 123, 512; ii, 182; iii., 384; in Massachusetts, i., 182, 187; ii., 107, 307-309; iii., 55; in Con- necticut, ii., 308, 388; in Rhode Island, ii., 308, 349; in New York, ii., 187, 248, 409; iii., 56, 383; in Pennsylvania, ii., 63, 242; in Maryland, ii., 172, 182, 210, 240; in North Carolina, ii., 32, 233, 292; iii., 383; in South Carolina, ii., 32, 230, 232; iii., 383; in the colonies generally, iii., 56; in the United States, iii., 383, 479. Cincinnati, Order of, iii., 443. Clarendon, Lord, i., 457, 461, 464; ii., 35. Clarendon, county of, ii., 28, 34. Clarke, John, i., 256, 290; fined, i., 379;
agent of Rhode Island in England, i., 378, 382, 394, 456, 457. Clarke, General George Rogers, iii., 260, 284, 352, 353, 471. Clayborne, William, i., 208, 209, 345, 356, 357, 511.
Cleves, George, i., 266, 374. Clinton, George, ii., 546, 553; iii., 146; brig- adier general, iii., 173; governor of New York, iii., 185, 213, 538.
Clinton, Sir Henry, general, iii., 82, 84, 118, 130; in command at New York, iii., 191; expedition up the Hudson; iii., 212; in- vades New Jersey, iii., 217; expedition to Rhode Island, iii., 254; commander- in-chief, iii., 248; expedition up the Hud- son, iii., 281; inactivity, iii., 284; to South Carolina, iii., 295, 304-307; again at New York, iii., 308, 310, 311, 323, 368; attempts to relieve Cornwallis, iii., 370; supersed- ed, iii., 415.
Clinton, James, colonel, iii., 91; brigadier
general, iii., 146, 213, 288. Clymer, George, iii., 89, 297, 310. Cobbett, Thomas, i., 379, 382, 406. Coddington, William, i., 179, 246; at Rhode Island, i., 256, 288, 324, 378, 395, 398; turns Quaker, i., 406; governor, i., 474; ii., 106.
Coinage by Massachusetts, i., 385; by Ma- ryland, i., 517; by the United States, iii., 463.
Colden, Cadwallader, ii., 319, 358, 394, 434, 440; lieutenant governor of New York, ii., 496, 531, 554; iii., 30. Colleges, in Virginia, i., 121; ii., 174; iii., 386; in Massachusetts, i., 263; ii., 463; iii., 386; at Quebec, ii., 83; in Connecti- cut, ii., 254; in New York, ii., 409; iii., 387; in New Jersey, ii., 411, 577; in Pennsylvania, ii., 413; iii., 385; in Rhode Island, ii., 577; in New Hampshire, ib.; in Maryland, iii., 387. Conant, i., 171, 176, 178.
Confederation, Articles of, iii., 139, 227, 266, 395-400.
Congress at New York, ii., 133; at Alba- ny, ii., 442-444; Stamp Act Congress, ii., 526, 529–531. (See Continental Con- Conventions and Congresses, Pro- gress, vincial.) CONNECTICUT, colony and state-Bound- aries, i., 287, 438, 457; ii., 44, 77, 106, 256, 313, 357; iii., 406; charter, i., 456; counties, i., 460; ecclesiastical system, i., 461; iii., 382.-Governors: from 1639 to 1654, John Haynes and Edward Hop- kins alternately, i., 261, 394.
1655, Thomas Wells, i., 394.
1657, John Winthrop, ib.
1658, Thomas Wells, ib.
1659, John Winthrop, i., 394, 444, 460. 1676, William Leet, i., 460.
1680, Robert Treat, ii., 110. 1687, Sir Edmund Andros, ib. 1689, Robert Treat, ii., 114. 1696, Fitz-John Winthrop, ii., 134, 184. 1707, Gurdon Saltonstall, ii., 255. 1724, Joseph Talcot, ii., 313. 1741, Jonathan Law, ii., 387. 1751, Roger Wolcott, ii., 450. 1754, Thomas Fitch, ii., 450, 527. 1766, William Pitkin, ii., 541. 1769, Jonathan Trumbull, ii., 571; iii., 71, 86, 325.
1784, Matthew Griswold, iii., 536.
1785, Samuel Huntingdon, iii., 536. Judicial system, i., 261; ii., 256; iii., 379, 380; laws, i., 371, 460; ii., 387, 407; iii., 388, 392, 395.
Connecticut, lords proprietors of, i., 217. Connecticut River, i., 137, 145, 220, 224, 229, 232, 326, 480; ii., 303, 510. Conolly, ii., 572;. iii., 49, 116. Consociations, ii., 255.
Continental army, iii., 80-81, 85–86, 107– 109; reorganizations of, iii., 164, 172–174, 273, 324; number of soldiers furnished by each state, iii., 441.-Adjutants general: Gates, iii., 80; Reed, iii., 146, 173; Pick- ering, iii., 174; Scammell, iii., 243; Hand, iii., 325.-Quarter-masters general: Mif- flin, iii., 86; Moylan, iii., 146; Mifflin again, ib.; Greene, iii., 243; Pickering, iii., 312.- Commissaries general: Jo- seph Trumbull, iii., 86; Wadsworth, iii., 243; Blane, iii., 298.-Directors general of hospitals: Church, iii., 89; Morgan, iii., 100; Shippen, iii., 172; Cochran.- Paymasters general: Palfrey, iii., 147; Pierce.-Inspectors general: Conway, iii., 235; Steuben, iii., 243-244.-Chief engineer: Du Portail, iii., 193.-Briga- dier generals: Gates, iii., 80; Montgom- ery, Wooster, Heath, Spencer, Thomas, Sullivan, Greene, iii., 81; Frye, Whit- combe, Arnold, Armstrong, Thompson, Lewis, Moore, Sterling, Howe, and De Woedtke, iii., 123-124; Mifflin, Read, Nixon, Parsons, M'Dougall, James Clin- ton, St. Clair, Stephen, Gadsden, Moal- trie, M'Intosh, Maxwell, Smallwood, iii., 146; Knox, iii., 166; Poor, Glover, Pat- terson, Varnum, Learned, Huntingdon, George Clinton, Wayne, De Haas, Hand, Weedon, Muhlenburg, Woodford, Scott, Nash, Conway, iii., 173; Stark, iii., 208;
Deborre, Pulaski, iii., 219; Huger, Sum- ner, Hogan, Gist, Irvine, iii., 273; Mor- gan, iii., 325; Hazen, Williams, iii., 372; Greaton, Putnam, Dayton, iii., 436.- Major generals: Ward, Lee, Schuyler, Putnam, iii., 80; Thomas, iii., 124; Gates, iii., 129; Heath, Spencer, Sullivan, and Greene, iii., 146; Sterling, Mifflin, St. Clair, Stephen, Lincoln, iii., 173; Arnold, iii., 188; La Fayette, De Kalb, iii., 195; Howe, M'Dougall, iii., 208; Conway, iii., 235; Steuben, iii., 243; Smallwood, iii., 325; Moultrie, Knox, Du Portail, iii., 372. Continental Congress meets at Philadel- phia, iii., 42; proceedings of, iii., 42–46; reassembles at Philadelphia, proceed- ings of, iii., 76-78, 80, 87-89, 99, 109, 123, 132; adjourns to Baltimore, iii., 161; pro- ceedings there, iii., 166; returns to Phil- adelphia, iii., 184; adjourns to Lancaster, and thence to York, iii., 221; proceed- ings, iii., 221, 228, 245; returns to Phil- adelphia, iii., 259; proceedings, iii., 267 -273, 290-292, 295, 301-304, 309, 324, 325, 337,338, 359-361, 426-436; powers of, iii., 400-402; insulted by mutineers, adjourns to Princeton, iii., 437; proceedings, iii., 438; meets at Annapolis, iii., 441; pro- ceedings, iii., 442; meets at Trenton and adjourns to New York, iii., 454 ; proceed- ings, iii., 456, 458-463; expires, iii., 546.
1774, Peyton Randolph, iii., 42, 76. 1775, John Hancock, iii., 76, 226, 460. 1777, Henry Laurens, iii., 226–227. 1778, John Jay, iii., 266.
1779, Samuel Huntingdon, iii., 292. 1781, Thomas M'Kean, iii., 401. 1781, John Hanson, iii., 402. 1782, Elias Boudinot, iii., 426. 1783, Thomas Mifflin, iii., 442. 1784, R. H. Lee, iii., 454. 1786, Nathaniel Gorham, iii., 460. 1787, Arthur St. Clair, iii., 478. 1788, Cyrus Griffin, iii., 536. Continental debt, iii., 296, 359, 447, 544. Continental estimates. See Estimates. Continental expenditures. See Expend- itures.
Continental navy, iii., 101, 123, 176, 404. Convention, Federal, iii., 482-526. Conventions and Congresses (provincial), in Massachusetts, ii., 546; iii., 47-48, 51, 66,89, 375; in New Hampshire, iii., 39, 54,
76, 90, 126; in New York, iii., 71-72, 78, 90-91, 113, 137, 184; in New Jersey, iii., 39, 76, 92, 135; in Pennsylvania, iii., 39, 54, 137; in Delaware, iii., 40, 161; in Maryland, iii., 39, 53, 92, 132, 136; in Virginia, iii., 73, 97, 112, 132; in North Carolina, iii., 40, 73, 93, 120, 131-132; in South Carolina, iii., 40, 53, 93, 129; in Georgia, ii., 56, 95, 120; in Vermont, iii., 200; in Kentucky, iii., 457, 470, 542; in Tennessee, iii., 468–469. Conventions, financial, at Providence, iii., 181; at Yorktown, iii., 182; at Spring- field, iii., 227; at New Haven, iii., 232; at Hartford, iii., 298; at Philadelphia, iii., 301; second, at Hartford, iii., 360. Conventions, state, to consider the Federal Constitution, iii., 536–539.
Convents, at Quebec, ii., 83, 92; at Mon- treal, ii., 89; at New Orleans, ii., 283. Convicts sent to America, i., 119; ii., 328. Conway, iii., 173, 234, 235, 236. Coode's insurrection, ii., 117. Cooke, Elisha, ii., 115, 144, 185, 249. Cooke, Elisha (the younger), ii., 298, 311. Cornwallis, in New Jersey, iii., 168–170; in South Carolina, iii., 308, 314, 325; in North Carolina, iii., 327, 341-348; in Vir- ginia, iii., 355-358, 369–370. Coronado, i., 48. Cortereal, i., 38.
Cotton, John, i., 196; sermons, i., 199, 221, 296, 321; letters, i., 234, 384, 387; in- clines to Hutchinsonianism, i., 244; pre- pares to yield, i., 247; yields, i., 253; in- vited to Westminster, i., 284; bloody tenet, i., 305; urges a synod, i., 327; his death, i., 393.
Cotton, John (the younger), i., 491; ii., 212. Council for life in Massachusetts, i., 233,
Covenanters, Scotch, i., 267; ii., 78. Coxe, Daniel, ii., 315, 444. Craig, Dr., iii., 465.
Creeks or Muscogees, i., 53; ii., 228, 269, 277; the Savannah their boundary, ii., 290; cession, ii., 365; treaty, ii., 376; new treaties and cessions, ii., 478, 576; iii., 424; Altamaha and Oconee, their boundary, iii., 425, 464.
Cromwell, Oliver, i., 305, 361, 387, 388, 389, 390, 392, 394, 399. Cromwell, Richard, i., 365. Cromwell, the buccaneer, i., 314.
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