them, as a just reward, that these, who chuse to live, should also die runagates.

What think ye then of Montrose? This lapwing incendiary ran away half-hatched from Oxford, to raise a combustion in Scotland: As his tutors in England, so he thrives best there, where is most ignorance. He raked up the remains of ancient barbarism, and soldered them together with creatures of like metal from Ireland; the very dross of both countries coagulated into an army. The first sight of them would convert a Sadducee, and make him confess a resurrection of the old heathen Picts and Kerns: Strange names they have! And, should a herald venture to reckon the genealogy, he might be taken for a conjurer: The repetition of twenty Mac's, O'Connor's, O'Brian's and O'Donnel's, were a charm for the gout, or an ague, beyond all the magneticks in chymistry.

This mountainous breed of Pagans, like the old earth-born giants, fight against heaven, bidding defiance to Christ and his gospel; concerning which they know no more than what belongs to blasphemy: Miserable then is that prince who counts such his best subjects! Most abominable is that cause, which cannot stand but with such supporters! Of late they domineered with superlative tyranny, and had, in conceit, swallowed up all Scotland; but now the monsters surfeit with their own blood: And, if ever they recover their stomachs, it will be but for a running banquet.

There is Ormond too, the juggling marquis, the new popin-jay duke, and, to give him all his titles, Lord Protector of the Rebels; for the wolves are brought now into the same fold with the sheep. They say commonly now, that there is not a rebel in Ireland: Are they not good men then at Oxford, to fight so long till they have left never a rebel? But the late peace confirms them good subjects, though rebels before: Thus, by entertaining this paradox for truth, the pye-bald marquis got his dukedom of Ossory.

Antrim is a rebel not worth the naming, nor that precious piece of iron-work, his duchess; yet I must needs say, she was a lady rarely marked out for two eminent husbands, the beds of Buckingham and Antrim; this latter more pernicious than a bed of scorpions.

Yet there is one marquis more, a wise one, God wot, Winchester, the man of Basing; but let him pass, he has not wit enough to be an incendiary. And for Newcastle, he is but a counterfeit marquis; at the best but a play-wright; one of Apollo's whirligigs; one, that, when he should be fighting, would be fornicating with the nine muses, or the Dean of York's daughters; a very thing; a soul traducted out of perfume and compliment; a silken general, that ran away beyond sea in a sailor's canvas: He, with his tinder-box of authority, first lighted the fire in the north, yet was so kind to see it quenched again, e're he left us.

But the western squib, Hopton, holds out still, and rages beyond gunpowder with aqua vita; but there are other ingredients of atheism joined to him, which make the blaze in the west shew so big, for he of himself is nothing now: The man lives toward the sun-setting, treads Antipodes of late to victory, and despairs of appearing cast again; yet,

to comfort him, because the parliament lay claim to his bald pate, the King hath given him a peruke of honour.

I had almost forgotten Goring, her Majesty's jeweller; she plundered the crown, and he conveyed away, converting all into arms and gunpowder: Rare philosophical transmutation! But this is the least part of his skill; for, in time of peace, he was so expert an alchymist, that he turned rags, and worse things, into gold and silver.

There is butcherly Jermyn too, contemptible Harry, the left leg of a lord; he that wraps up his treason in fine linen: He master of the horse? Mount the chicken upon an elephant; for he is a man of some substance, though little revenue; somewhat too ugly, in my opinion, for a lady's favourite, yet that is nothing to some; for the old lady, that died in Flanders, regarded not the feature. This feather-bed trai tor must pass also for an incendiary; for justice put the gentleman into such a fright, that to make one shift he avoided another; and, at an ill season, took his long journey in Spanish-leather boots.

There are other whelps of Cataline; but it were endless to reckon up all. I shall conclude thus: What the poets feign of Hercules's Hydra, is truth of our incendiary: It is a fertile monster of many heads, for, by lopping off one, up starts a miraculous generation of many more: Then, as it cannot be imagined how he conquered that prodigious enemy, but by striking off all the heads at a blow; so the ready way to quell this, must be to bring the whole rabble at once to execution.

SEASONABLE ADVICE*

FOR PREVENTING THE MISCHIEF OF FIRE,

THAT MAY COME BY NEGLIGENCE, TREASON, OR OTHERWISE.

Ordered to be printed by the Lord Mayor of London; and is thought very necessary to hang in every man's house, especially in these dangerous times.

Invented by William Gosling, Engineer.

Printed for H. B. at the Castle in Cornhill, 1643. In one sheet, broadside.

How many several ways, houses, towns, and cities, have been set on fire.

OME have been burnt by bad hearths, chimnies, ovens, or by pans of fire set upon boards; some by clothes hanged against the fire; some by leaving great fires in chimnies, where the sparks or sickles,

• Fide the 939th article in the catalogue of pamphlets in the Harleian library.

breaking, fell, and fired the boards, painted cloaths, wainscots, rushes, matts, as houses were burnt in Shoreditch; some by powder, or shooting off pieces; some by tinder or matches; some by setting candles under shelves; some by leaving candles near their beds; some by snuffs of candles, tobacco-snuffs, burnt papers, and some by drunkards, as many houses were burnt in Southwark; some by warming beds; some by looking under beds with candles; some by sleeping at work, leaving their candles by them; so many have been burnt of several trades; some by setting candles near the thatch of houses; some by snuffs or sparks fallen upon gun-powder, or upon matts, rushes, chips, small-coal, and in chinks; so Wimbleton was burnt: Some towns were burnt by malt-kilns; some by candles in stables; or by foul chimnies; some by candles amongst hemp, flax, and warehouses; some by candles falling out of their candlesticks; some by sticking their candles upon posts; some by links knocked at shops, stalls, cellars, windows, warehouses, doors, and dangerous places; some by carrying fire from place to place, where the wind hath blown about the streets, as it did burn St. Edmunds-Bury; some by warm sea-coal, cinders put in baskets, or wooden things, as did burn London-bridge: And some have been burnt without either fire or candle, as by wet hay, corn, straw, or by mills, wheels, or such like; all which hath been by carelesness; And some have been fired of purpose, by villainy or treason.

Orders to be observed, that fire may not happen.

IS, that every house-keeper, either himself, or one, by his appointment, that should be last up, see to the fire and candle, and to shut the cellar-windows, doors, casements, garret-windows, and to stop holes, and sinks, that fire many not come in by treason, or otherwise: To prevent treason that may come by wild-fire, is to stop the wild-fire simples, where they are sold. Seek to prevent fire at the beginning, and, by the sight of smoke, to look to it, for divers fires have been so prevented: Some have been prevented by smelling old wood, linen, or woollen burn; and some, by hearing the crackling of sticks, coals, or sparks of fire, have prevented mischief thereby: If you will use candle all night, let your candlestick be a pot of water brim-full, and set it where it shall stand, and then light a candle, and stick a great pin in the bottom of the candle, and let it slowly into the water, and it will burn all night without danger: If the wood under the hearth of a chimney be on fire, then take heed you do not open it too suddenly, before you cast water upon it, for, the air getting in, the fire will burst forth; therefore still throw water, and open it by degrees. And that the bricklayers should look better to the foundations of hearths and Ovens, to prevent the hurts of fire: If chimnies be on fire, either wet hay, or straw, or a wet blanket, or a kettle of water bung over, or bay-salt cast into the fire, or a piece shot up into the chimney, will help it. And that the watch might be from day-light to day-light, at such a distance, that they may see and hear from one watch to the

other; that some might be upon gates, towers, or churches, if need be, to give notice to the watch below, upon any occasion, to prevent both enemy and fire.

Orders, that if fire should happen either by wild-fire, or otherwise, to prevent the miseries thereof.

THEN the bells, going backward, do give notice of fire; and that all officers and others must keep the streets or lanes ends, that the rude people may be kept from doing mischief, for sometimes they do more harm than the fire; and suffer none but the workers to come near, and all the streets, from the fire to the water, may have double rows or ranks of men on each side of the street, to hand empty pales, pots, or buckets, to the water, and to return full to the fire, by the other row or rank of people, on the same side of the street; so, as the streets afford, you may have divers ranks; and, by this order, water may be brought to quench it, or earth to choak it, and smother it, with that speed and plenty as need requires.

All those of higher or level ground should throw down water to run to the place where the fire is, and there to stop it, and others to sweep up the waters of kennels towards the fire. If water-pipes run through the streets, you may open one against the house that is on fire, and set another pipe in that upright, and, two or three feet lower than the height of the head of the same water, set in some gutter, trough, or pipe, unto the upright pipe, to convey the water to the fire; for, under the foresaid height, it will run itself from high ponds, or from Sir Hugh Middleton's water, or conduit-heads, or from the water-houses, without any other help, into the fire, as you will have it: You may keep great scoops or squirts of wood in houses; or, if you will, you may have in the parish a great squirt on wheels, that may do very good service.

Where wild-fire is, milk, urine, sand, earth, or dirt, will quench it; but any thing else, set on fire by that, will be quenched as before: If there be many houses standing together, and are indangered by a mighty fire, before it can be quenched or choaked with earth, then you may pull down the next house opposite to the wind, and then earth and rubbish being cast upon the fire, and round about it, will choak the violence of the fire, besides the water you may get to do the like. Also it is necessary that every parish should have hooks, ladders, squirts, buckets, and scoops, in readiness, upon any occasion.

O! the miseries of cities, towns, villages, and particular houses that have been burnt, where some could not recover their losses in thirty years after, and some never, which have been lamentable spectacles unto us, when many men, women, and children have been burnt in their houses; and multitudes of people utterly undone, that saw all their wealth burned before their eyes. Besides, many have been hurt, many killed, and many burned, that came but to help to queench the fires. What lamentable cries frightenings and amazements there were to all sorts of people, some sick, some in child-bed, and some great

with child, to the terror of them all: And all was through the miseries of fire, that came by carelesness and wilfulness.

Therefore let the very sight of fire and candle put us in mind to prevent the like miseries that have come by fire, both in London and the parts of England; for great winds may rise suddenly, and enemies furies may do mischief. To master the elements is either to increase or decrease any of them; for, as air makes fire increase, so earth will choak it, and water will quench it.

Preventions of fires would save the often collections of money in all churches in England; all which is for the profit and safety of the commonwealth. As good order and care prevent our fear of fire, so a good life prevents the ways to sin. And, if every one mend one, then all will be mended. The Lord commandeth us to have care of our neighbours goods, Deut. xxii. For the love of our neighbour fulfilleth the law, Rom. xiii.

THE

FIVE YEARS OF KING JAMES,

OR,

THE CONDITION OF THE STATE OF ENGLAND,

AND THE RELATION IT HAD TO OTHER PROVINCES.

WRITTEN BY SIR FOULK GREVILL, LATE LORD BROOK. London, printed for W. R. in the year 1643. Quarto, containing eighty-four pages.

HOWSOEVER every kingdom and commonwealth may be both well

and uprightly governed, and that good men may be the means to support it; yet there can be no such commonwealth, but, amongst the good, there will be some evil persons: These, whether by nature induced, or through envy and ambition, to the intent to satisfy their appetites, persuaded, do oftentimes enter into actions repugnant unto the felicity of good government and commonwealths, and, by evil causers and perverse deeds, do secretly, and underhand, seek to hasten and set forward the ruin and decay of the same: These things, because they happen contrary, and beyond expectation, are so much the more re markable, by how much they are sudden and unexpected. And from hence it cometh, that no state of government can be said to be permanent, but that oftentimes those, said to be good, are by little and little convert