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DAR
DARGAN, a town of Afia, in the country of
Charaim, fituated on the Gihon.

(1.) DARGEL, a river of Ireland, in the county of Wicklow, which runs into St George's chan. nel, 9 miles SSE. of Dublin.

(2) DARGEL, or DARGLE, a romantic valley of Ireland, in Wicklow, 10 miles from Dublin. The lofty mountains on each fide are covered with trees, down to the edge of the river, (N° 1.) which tumbles from rock to rock in the bottom, forming many grand and beautiful cafcades. DARGESIN, a town of Perfia, in the province of Irac Agemi, 48 miles NE. of Amadan. DARGIES, a town of France, in the department of Somme, 5 miles S. of Pois.

DARIC, in antiquity, a famous piece of gold, firft coined by Darius the Mede, about A. A. C. 538; probably during his ftay at Babylon, out of the vast quantity of gold which had been accumulated in the treafury. From thence the darics were difperfed over the east, and into Greece; where they were alfo called ftateres, and were the gold coins beft known in Athens in ancient times. According to Dr Bernard, the daric weighed two grains more than our guinea; but as it was very fine, and contained little alloy, it may be reckoned worth about 258. Sterling. Plutarch informs us, that the darics were ftamped on one fide with an archer clothed in a long robe, and crowned with a spiked crown, holding a bow in his left hand and an arrow in his right; and on the other fide with the effigies of Darius. All the other pieces of gold of the fame weight and value that were coined by the fucceeding kings, both of the PerGian and Macedonian race, were called darics, from Darius, in whofe reign this coin commenced. 'Of these there were whole darics and half darics; and they are called in thofe parts of Scripture written after the Babylonish captivity, adarkonim; Greaves and by the Talmudifts, DARKONOTH. fays that the daric is ftill found in Perfia; but it certainly must be very fearce, and is perhaps of doubtful antiquity.

(I.) DARIEN, or TERRA FIRMA PROPER, IS the northern divifion of Terra Firma or Caftile del Oro. It is a narrow ifthmus, that, properly speak ing, joins North and South America together; (fee AMERICA, § 7.) but is generally reckoned as part of the latter. It is bounded on the N. by the Gulf of Mexico; on the S. by the South Sea; on the E. by the River or Gulph of Darien, and on the W. by another part of the South Sea and the province of Veragua. It lies in the form of a bow or a crefcent, about the great bay of Panama, in the South Sea, and is 300 miles in length. Its breadth has generally been reckoned 60 miles from N. to S. but it is only 37 miles broad from Porto Bello to Panama, the two chief towns of the province. The former lies in lat. 9. 34. 35. N. jon. 81. 52. W.; the latter in lat. 8. 57. 48. N. lon. 82° W. This province is not very rich, but is of the greatest importance to Spain, and has been the fcene of more actions than any other in America. The wealth of Peru is brought hither, and from hence exported to Europe. Few of the rivers in this country are navigable, having fhoals at their mouths. Some of them bring down gold duft, and on the coaft are valuable pearl fisheries.

DAR

Neither of the oceans fall in at once upon the
fhore, but are intercepted by a great number of
valuable iflands that lie fcattered along the coatt.
The narroweft part of the ifthmus is called fome-
times the ISTHMUS OF PANAMA.

(i. 1.) DARIEN, ACCOUNT OF THE ORIGIN OF
THE INTENDED SCOTS SETTLEMENT Ar. The
Scots got poffeffion of part of this province in
1699, and attempted to form an establisha. t
which would have proved one of the most useful
and important that ever was projected. Of the
rife, progrefs, and cataftrophe, of this well-ima-
gined, but ill-fated, undertaking, Sir John Dal-
rymple, in the 2d volume of his Memoir of Creat
Britain and Ireland, has given a very interefting
account, authenticated in every particular by un-
queftionable documents. The projector and leader
of the Darien expedition was a clergyman of the
name of PATERSON; who, having a violent pro-
penfity to fee foreign countries, made his profef-
fion the inftrument of indulging it, by going to
the new western world, to convert the indians to
the religion of the old. In his couries there, hẹ
became acquainted with Capt. Dampier and Mr
Wafer, who afterwards published, the one his voy-
ages, and the other his travels, in the region where
the feparation is narroweft between the Atlantic
and the South Seas; and both of whom, particu-
But he got
larly the first, appear by their books to have been
men of confiderable obfervation.
much more knowledge from men who could nei-
ther write nor read, by cultivating the acquaint.
ance of fome of the old Buccaneers, who, after
furviving their glories and their crimes, ftill, in the
extremity of age and misfortune, recounted with
tranfport the eafe with which they had pafied and
repaffed from the one fea to the other, fometimes
in hundreds together, and driving ftrings of mules
before them loaded with the plunder of friends
and foes. Paterfon having examined the places, fa-
tisfied himself, that on the Ifthmus of Darien there
was a tract of country running across from the
Atlantic to the South Sea, which the Spaniards had
never poffeffed, and inhabited by a people conti.
nually at war with them; that along the coaft, on
the Atlantic fide, there lay a ftring of iflands called
the SAMBALOES, uninhabited, and full of natural
ftrength and forefts, from which laft circumstance
one of them was called the ISLAND OF THE PINES;
that the feas there were filled with turtle and the
manatee or fea cow; that midway between Por-
to-Bello and Carthagena, but near 50 leagues dif
tant from either, at a place called A&a, in the
mouth of the river of Darien, there was a natu-
ral harbour, capable of receiving a large heet, and
defended from ftorms by other iflands which co
vered the mouth of it, and from enemies by a
promontory which commanded the paflage, and
by hidden rocks in the paflage itself; that on the
other fide of the isthmus, and in the fame tract of
country, there were natural harbours, equally ca-
pacious and well defended; that the two fea
were connected by a ridge of hills, which, bý
their height, created a temperate climate in the
midst of the moft fultry latitudes, and were shel-
tered by forefts, yet not rendered damp by them,
becaufe the trees grew at a distance from each
other, having very little underwood; that, contra-

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ry to the barren nature of hilly countries, the foil was of a black mould two or three feet deep, and producing spontaneously the fine tropical fruits and plants, and roots and herbs; that roads could be made with eafe along the ridge, by which mules and even carriages might pafs from the one fea to the other in the space of a day; and confequently this paffage feemed to be pointed out by nature, as a common centre, to connect the trade and intercourfe of the universe. Paterfon knew that ships which stretch in a straight line from one point to another, and with one wind, run lefs rifks, and require fewer hands, than fhips which pafs through many latitudes, turn with many coafts, and require many winds; in evidence of which, veffels of 7 or 800 tons burden are often to be found in the South Seas, navigated by no more than 8 or 10 hands, becaufe their hands have little elfe to do, than to fet their fails when they begin their voyage, and to take them in when they end it; that as foon as fhips from Britain got as far fouth as to reach the trade wind, which never varies, that wind would carry them to Darien, and the fame wind would carry hips from the bay of Panama, on the oppofite fide of the ifthmus, to the East Indies; that as foon as fhips coming from the Eaft Indies to the bay of Panama got so far N. as the latitude of 40°, to reach the wefterly winds, which, about that latitude, blow almoft as regularly from the W. as the trade winds do from the E. thefe winds would carry them, in the track of the Spanish Acapulco fhips, to the coast of Mexico, from whence the land wind, which blows for ever from the N. to the S. would carry them along the coaft of Mexico into the bay of Panama. So that in going from Britain, fhips would encounter no uncertain winds, except during their pallage S. into the latitude of the trade wind; in coming from India to the bay of Panama no uncertain winds, except in their paffage N. to the latitude of the wefterly winds; and in going from the ifthmus to the E. no uncertain wind whatsoever. Gold was feen by Paterson in fome places of the thmus; and hence an island on the Atlantic fide was called the GOLDEN ISLAND, and a river on the fide to the South Sea was called the GOLDEN RIVER; but these were objects which he regarded not at that time, becaufe far greater were in his eye; the removing of diftances, the drawing na tions nearer to each other, the prefervation of the valuable lives of feamen, and the faving of freight, fo important to merchants, and of time, fo important to them, and to an animal whofe life is of fo fhort duration as that of man. By this obfcure Scotfman, a project was formed to fettle, on this neglected spot, a great and powerful colony; not as other colonies have for the most part been fettled, by chance, and unprotected by the country from whence they went; but by fyftem, upon forefigh, and to receive the ample protection or thofe governments to whom he was to offer his project. And certainly no greater idea has been formed fince the time of Columbus. Paterfon's original intention was to offer his project to England, as the country which had molt intereft in it, not only from the benefit common to all nations, of fhortening the length of voyages to the Eaft Indies, but by the effect which it would have had to

connect the interefts of her European, Weft Indian, American, African, and Eaft Indian trade. But Paterfon having few acquaintance, and no protection in London, thought of drawing the public eye upon him, and ingratiating himself with monied men, and with great men, by affifting them to model a project, which was at that time in embryo, for erecting the Bank of England. But that happened to him which has happened to many in his fituation: the perfons to whom he applied made use of his ideas, took the honour of them to themselves, were civil to him for a while, and neglected him afterwards. He therefore communicated his project of a colony only to a few perfons in London, and thefe few difcou raged him. He next made offers of his project to the Dutch, the Hamburghers, and the elector of Brandenburgh; becaute, by means of the paffage of the Rhine and Elbe through their states, he thought, that the great additional quantities of Eaft Indian and American goods, which his colony would bring into Europe, would be diftributed through Germany, The Dutch and Hamburgh merchants, who had most interest in the fubject of his vifit, heard him with indifference: the elector, who had very little intereft in it, received him with honour and kindness. But court arts, and falfe reports, loft him even that prince's favour. Paterfon, on his return to London, formed a friendship with Mr Fletcher of Salton, whose mind was inflamed with the love of public good, and all of whofe ideas to procure it had a fubli mity in them. Fletcher brought Paterfon down to London with him, prefented him to the mar. quis of Tweeddale, then minifter for Scotland; and then, with that power which a vehement fpirit always poffeffes over a diffident one, perfuaded the marquis, by arguments of public good, and the honour which would redound to his adminiftration, to adopt the project. Lord Stair and Mr Johnfton, the two fecretaries of state, patronifed those abilities in Paterson which they poffeffed in themfelves; and the lord advocate, Sir James Stuart, the fame man who had adjusted the prince of Orange's declaration at the revolution, whofe fon was married to a niece of lord Stair, went naturally along with his connections. Thefe perfons, in June 1695, procured a statute from parliament, and afterwards a charter from the crown in terms of it, for creating a trading copany to Africa and the new world, with power to plant colonies and build forts, with consent of the inhabitants, in places not poffefled by other European nations. Paterson, now finding the ground firm under him, and that he was fupported by almost all the power and talents of his country, the character of Fletcher, and the fanction of an act of parliament and royal charter, threw his project boldly upon the public, and opened a fubfcription for a company. The zeal of the Scots nation to fign the folemn league and covenant never exceeded the rapidity with which they ran to fubfcribe to the Darien company. The nobility, the gentry, the merchants, the people, the royal burghs without the exception of one, and moft of the other public bodies, fubfcribed. Young women threw their little fortunes into the flock; widows fold their jointures

to get the command of money for the fame purpofe Almoft in an inftant L. 400,000 was fubfcribed in Scotland, although it be now known, that there was not at that time above L. 800,000 of cash in the kingdom. The famous Mr Law, then a youth, afterwards confeffed, that the faci lity with which he faw the paflion of fpeculation communicate itself from all to all, fatisfied him of the poffibility of producing the fame effect from the fame caufe, but upon a larger fcale, when the Duke of Orleans, in the year of the Miffifippi, engaged him against his will to turn his bank into a bubble. Paterson's project, which had been received by ftrangers with timoroufnefs when opened to them in private, filled them with hopes when it came to them upon the wings of public fame: for colonel Erskine, fon to lord Cardross, and Mr Haldane of Glenagles, the one a generous branch of a generous ftem, and the other a country gentleman of fortune and character, having been deputed to receive fubfcriptions in England and on the continent, the English fubfcribed L. 300,000, and the Dutch and Hamburghers L. 200,000 more.

(2.) DARIEN, ACCOUNT OF THE SHAMEFUL OPPOSITION MADE TO THE SETTLEMENT AT. "In the mean time the jealoufy of trade (continues Sir John,) which has done more mischief to the trade of England than all other caufes put toge. ther, created an alarm in England; and the Houfes of Lords and Commons, without previous in quiry or reflection, on the 13th of December 1695, concurred in a joint addrefs to the king, againft the establishment of the Darien company, as detrimental to the intereft of the Eaft India company. Soon after, the Commons impeached fome of their own countrymen for being inftrumental in erecting the company; and alfo fome of the Scots nation, one of whom was a peer, lord Belhaven; that is to fay, they arraigned the subjects of another country for making ufe of the laws of their own. Among 600 legiflators, not one had the happy ray of genius to propofe a committee of both parliaments, to enquire into the principles and confequences of the establishment; and if thefe fhould, on inquiry, be found, that the benefit of it fhould be communicated, by a participation of rights, to both nations. The king's anfwer was, "That he had been ill advifed in Scotland." He foon after changed his Scottish minifters, and fent orders to his refident at Hamburgh to prefent a memorial to the fenate, in which he difowned the company, and warned them against all connection with it. The fenate fent the memorial to the affembly of merchants, who returned it with the following fpirited anfwer: "We look upon it as a very ftrange thing, that the king of Britain should offer to hinder us, who are a free people, to trade with whom we please; but are amazed to think, that he would hinder is from joining with his own fubjects in Scotland, to whom he had lately given fuch large privileges, by fo folemn an act of parliament." But merchants, though mighty prone to paffion, are easily intimidated: The Dutch, Hamburgh, and London merchants withdrew their fubfcriptions

(3) DARIEN, HISTORY OF THE FIRST SCOTS COLONY SENT TO. "The Scos, not difcouraged,

were rather animated by this oppreffion; for they converted it into a proof of the envy of the Englifh, and of their confcioufnefs of the great advantages which were to flow to Scotland from the colony. The company proceeded to build fix fhips in Holland, from 36 to 60 guns, and they engaged 1200 men for the colony; among whom were younger fons of many of the noble and most ancient families of Scotland, and 60 officers who had been disbanded at the peace, who carried with them fuch of their private men, generally raised on their own, or the eftate of their relations, as they knew to be faithful and brave; and most of thefe were Highlanders. The Scots parliament, on the 5th August 1698, unanimously addressed the King to fupport the company. The Lord Prefident Sir Hugh Dalrymple, brother to Lord Stair and head of the bench, and the Lord Advocate Sir James Stuart. head of the bar, jointly drew memorials to the king, able in point of argument, information, and arrangement; in which they defended the rights of the company upon the principles of conftitutional and of public law. And neighbouring nations, with a mixture of surprise and refpect, faw the poorest kingdom of Europe fending forth the most gallant and the moft numerous colony, that had ever gone from the old to the new world. On the 26th July 1698, the whole city of Edinburgh poured down upon Leith, to fee the colony depart, amidft the tears, pravers, and praises of relations and friends and of their countrymen. Many feamen and foldiers, whose fervices had been refused, because more had offered themselves than were needed, were found hid in the fhips, and, when ordered afhore, clung to the ropes and timbers, imploring to go without reward with their companions. Twelve hundred men failed in five ftout fhips, and arrived at Darien in two months, with the lofe of only 15 of their people. At that time it was in their power, moft of whom were well born, and all of them hardily bred, and inured to the fatigues and datgers of the late war, to have gone from the northmost part of Mexico to the fouthmoft of Chili, and to have overturned the whole empire of Spain in the South Seas: But modeft, refpecting their own and their country's character, and afraid of being accufed that they had plunder, and not a fettlement, in view, they began with purchafing lands from the natives, and fending meflages of amity to the Spanish governors within their reach : and then fixed their station at A&ta, calling it New St Andrew, from the name of the tutelar faint of Scotland, and the country itself New Caledonia. One of the fides of the harbour being formed by a long narrow neck of land which ran into the fea, they cut it across fo as to join the ocean and the harbour. Within this defence they erected their fort, planting upon it 50 pieces of cannon. On the other fide of the harbour there was a mountain, a mile high, on which they placed a watchhoufe, which, in the rarefied air within the tro pics, fo favourable for vifion, gave them an immenfe range of profpect, to prevent all furprise. To this place, it was obferved, that the Highlanders often repaired, to enjoy cool air, and to talk of their friends they had left behind in their hills; friends whofe minds were as high as their moun

tains. The first public act of the colony was to publifh a declaration of freedom of trade and religion to all nations. This luminous idea originated with Paterfon. But the Dutch Eaft India Company having preffed the king, in concurrence with the English fubjects, to prevent the fettlement at Darien, orders had been fent from England to the governors of the Weft Indian and American colonies, to iffue proclamations against giving affiftance, or even to hold correfpondence with the colony; and thefe were more or lefs harfhly expreffed, according to the tempers of the different governors. The Scots, trufting to far different treatment, and to the fupplies which they expected from thofe colonies, had not brought provifions enough with them; they fell into difeafes from bad blood and from want of food. But the more generous favages, by hunting and fish. ing, for them, gave them that relief which fellow Britons refused. They lingered 8 months, awaiting but in vain, for affiftance from Scotland; and almost all of them either died out or quitted the fettlement. Paterfon, who had been the first that entered the ship at Leith, was the laft who went on board at Darien. During the fpace of two years, while the establishment of this colony had been in agitation, Spain had made no complaint to England or Scotland against it. The Darian council even averred in their papers, (which are in the Advocates Library,) that the right of the company was debated before the king, in prefence of the Spanish ambassador, before the colony left Scotland. But now, on the 3d of May, 1696, the Spanish ambaffador at London prefented a memorial to the king, which complained of the fettlement at Darien, as an incroachment on the rights of his mafter."

(4.) DARIEN, HISTORY OF THE SECOND COLONY SENT TO. "The Scots, ignorant of the miffortunes of their colony, but provoked at this memorial, sent out another colony foon after of 1300 men, to fupport an establishment which was now no more. But this last expedition having been more haftily prepared than the first, was unlucky in its paffage. One of the fhips was loft at fea, many men died on fhip-board, and the reft arrived at different times, broken in their health and difpirited, when they heard the fate of those who had gone before them."-Sir J. Dalrymple here mentions another unfortunate circumftance peculiar to this colony which arofe from the gloomy ideas of fome well-meaning clergyman; who, by afcribing every unfortunate accident that happened them, to the immediate judgment of God upon their fins, completely difcouraged and difpirited the new colonifts. "The laft party that joined the fecond colony, after it had been three months fettled, was Captain Campbell of Finab, with a company of the people of his own eftate, whom he had commanded in Flanders, and whom he carried to Darien in his own thip. On their arrival at New St Andrew, they found intelligence had been lately received, that a Spanish force of 1600 men, which had been brought from the coaft of the South Sea, lay encamped at Tubucantce, waiting there till a Spanish fquadron of 11 fhips which was expected fhould arrive, when they were jointly to attack the fort. The military

command was offered to Captain Campbell, in compliment to his reputation and to his birth, who was defcended from the families of Breadal. bane and Athole. In order to prevent a joint attack, he refolved to attack firit; and therefore, on the fecond day after his arrival, he marched with 2co men to Tubucantce, before his arrival was known to the enemy, ftormed the camp in the night-time, diffipated the Spanish force with much laughter, and returned to the fort the fifth day: But he found the Spanifh fhips before the harbour, their troops landed, and almost all hopes of help or provifion cut off; yet he ftood a fiège near fix weeks, till almoft all the officers were dead, the enemy by their approaches had cut off his wells, and his balis was fo far expended, that he was obliged to melt the pewter dishes of the garrifon into balls. The garrifon then capitulated, and obtained not only the common honours of war, and security for the property of the company, but, as if they had been conquerors, exacted hoftages for performance of the conditions. Captain Campbell alone defired to be excepted from the capitulation, faying, he was fure the Spaniards could not forgive him the mischief which he fo lately had done them. The brave, by their courage, often efcape that death which they seem to provoke: Captain Campbell made his escape in his veffel, and, flopping nowhere, arrived fafely at New York, and from thence to Scotland, where the company presented him with a gold medal, in which his virtue was commemorated, to inflame his family with the love of heroic actions. And the Lord Lyon King at Arms, whofe office it is in Scotland (and fuch offices fhould be every where) to confer badges of diftinction according to the rules of heraldry upon honourable actions, gave him a Highlander and an Indian for fuppor ters to his coat of arms. A harder fate attended thofe whom Captain Campbell left at Darien. They were fo weak in their health as not to be able to weigh up the anchors of the Rifing Sun, one of their fhips, which carried 60 guns: But the generous Spaniards affifted them. In going out of the harbour fhe ran aground: The prey was tempting; and to obtain it, the Spaniards had ónly to ftand by and look on: but fhowed that mercy to the Scots in distress, which one of the countrymen of thofe Scots, General Elliot, returned to the pofterity of the Spaniards, at the end of the late conflagration at the fiege of Gibraltar. The Darien fhips being leaky and weakly manned, were obliged in their voyage to take shelter in different ports belonging to Spain and England. The Spaniards in the new world fhowed them kindnefs; the English governments fhewed them none; and in one place one of their fhips was feized and detained. Of thefe only Captain Campbell's fhip and another fmall one were faved: The Rifing Sun was loft on the bar of Charlestown; and of the colony, not more than 50, faved from war, thipwreck, or difcafe, ever faw their country a gain. Paterfon, who had ftood the blow, could not ftand the reflection of misfortune. He was feized with a lunacy in his paflage home after the ruin of the first colony; but he recovered in his own country, where his fpirit, ftill ardent and un

broken

broken, prefented a new plan to the company, founded on the idea of king William, that England should have the joint dominion of the fettlement with Scotland. He furvived many years in Scotland, pitied, respected, but neglected. Af ter the union of the two kingdoms, he claimed reparation of his loffes from the equivalent money given by England to the Darien Company, but got nothing; because a grant to him from a public fund would have been only an act of humanity, not a political job. Thus ended the colony of Darien."

fmugglers, caft them into a dungeon and threatens ed them with death. The company deputed Lord Bafil Hamilton from Scotland to implore King William's protection for the prifoners. The king at first refufed to fee him, because he had not ap peared at court when he was last in London. But when that difficulty was removed by explanation, an expreffion fell from the king which fhewed his fenfe of the generous conduct of another, although influenced by the English and Dutch Eaft India' Companies, he could not refolve to imitate it in his own for Lord Bafil's audience having been put off from time to time, but at last fixed to be in the council chamber after a council was overj the king, who had forgot the appointment, was paffing into another room, when Lord Bafil placed himself in the paffage, and faid, "That he came commiffioned by a great body of his majesty's fubjects to lay their misfortunes at his feet; that he, had a right to be heard, and would be head:" The king returned, liftened with patience, gave inftant orders to apply to Spain for redreis; and then turning to thofe near him faid, "This young man is too bold, if any man can be too bold in his country's caufe," I had this anecdote from the prefent Earl of Selkirk, grandfon to Lord Balil, King William's defertion of a company erected u pon the faith of his own charter, and the Englishy oppreffions of it, were the reafons why folmany of the Scots, during four facceffive reigns, difliked the caufe of the Revolution and of the Union, And that diflike, joined to English discontents, brought upon both countries two rebellions, the expenditure of many millions of money, and (which is a far greater lofs) the downfal of many of their nobleft and moft ancient families." Sir John Dalrymple's Memoirs of Great Bitain and Ireland, vol. ii.

(5.) DARIEN, REFLECTIONS ON THE RUIN OF THE SETTLEMENT AT. Baron Sir J. Dalrymple concludes his account of thefe difgraceful tranf actions of the English court, with the follow. ing judicious reflections. "Men look into the works of poets for fubjects of fatire; but they are more often to be found in the records of hiftory. The application of the Dutch to king William against the Darien Company, affords the fureft of proofs, that it was the interest of the British iflands to fupport it. England, by the imprudence of ruining that fettlement, loft the opportunity of gaining and continuing to herfelf the greatest commercial empire that probably ever will be upon earth. Had the treated with Scotland, in the hour of the diftrefs of the company, for a joint poffeffion of the fettlement, or adopted the union of the kingdoms, which the fovereign of both proposed to them, that poffeffion could certainly have been obtained. Had fhe treated with Spain to relinquish an imaginary right, or at least to give a paffage across the ifthmus, upon receiving duties to high as to overbalance all the chance of lofs by contraband trade, fhe had probably obtained either the one or the other. Had the broke with Spain for the fake of gaining by force one of thole favours, fhe would have loft far lefs than fhe afterwards did by carrying a war into that country for many years, to force a king upon the Spaniards against their will. Even a rupture with Spain for Darien, if it had proved fuccefsful, would have knit the two nations together by the moft folid of ties, their mutual interest: for the English muft then have depended upon Spain for the fafety of their caravans by land, and the Spaniards upon England for the fafety of their fleets by fea. Spain and England would have been bound together as Portugal and England have long been: and the Spanish treafures failed under the wings of English navies, from the Spanish main to Cadiz, in the fame manner as the treasures of Portugal have failed under the fame protection, facred and untouched, from the Brazils to Lisbon. It has been made a queftion, whether K. William behaved with his ordinary fincerity and fteadiness, in the affurances of favour which he gave more than once to the company during their diftreffes. The following anecdote makes it probable, that there was a struggle in his breaft between the part which he was obliged to act, to pleafe his English, and Dutch at the expence of his Scots, fubjects, and his own feelings. A provifion flip of the first colony, in which were 30 gentlemen paffengers, and fome of them of noble birth, having, been fhipwrecked at Carthagena, the Spaniards' believing, or pretending to believe, that they were VOL. VII. PART I.

(ii.) DARIEN, a river in the above Ifthmus, (No 1.) which falls into the gulf, (N° ‘iji.) where its mouth is not fo deep, in proportion to its breadth, as the river is farther up.

(ii) DARIEN, GULF OF, an arm of the fea at the mouth of the river (N° ii,) running eastward into the Ifthmus, on the W. fide of St Sebastian.

(iv.) DARIEN, INHABITANTS OF. The abori ginal natives of the ifthmus. or province of Darien, (N° 1.) have several peculiar cuftoms. Although they go naked, like most of the other American Indians, yet they wear nofe jewels. The men have filver plates in the form of a crefcent, faftened to their nofes, and hanging over their mouths The women have rings pailing through their nofes and hanging down in the fame manner. They alfo have feveral chains, compofed of teeth; fhells, beads, &c. hanging down from the neck to the pit of the ftomach. Their houfes are scattered by the fides of rivers, and have plantations around them. They are built with fam pofts fet upright, about 7 feet high, hurdled with flicks, and daubed over with earth. The men clear the plantations, and the women cultivate them. The girls pick and pin cotton, which the women weave into cloths, for their hammocks. The men make bafkets very neatly with canes, reeds and pa!metto leaves, dyed of different colours. Each man has feveral wives who live together in great harmony. They dance to the found of a pipe or G

drum,

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