further, what seems quite decisive is the fact that when our Lord was solemnly adjured by the high priest, i.e. put on His oath, He did not refuse to answer. See S. Matt. xxvi. 62–64, “And the high priest stood up, and said unto Him, Answerest Thou nothing ? What is it which these witness against Thee? But Jesus held His peace. And the high priest said unto Him, I adjure Thee by the living God (εξορκίζω σε κατά του Θεού του G@vtos) that Thou tell us whether Thou be the Christ, the Son of God ? Jesus said unto him, Thou hast said: nevertheless I say unto you, Henceforth ye shall see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of power, and coming on the clouds of heaven.” In this case, as in others, our Lord's actions form the best commentary upon the meaning of His words, and prove decisively that the reference in the Sermon on the Mount is, as the Article takes it, to "vain and rash swearing.” S. James' words are apparently directly founded on our Lord's, and there is nothing in them to lead us to think that he is contemplating anything more than ordinary conversation and the use of oaths in it. We conclude, therefore, that there is nothing in Holy Scripture which need raise any scruple in the minds of Christians as to the lawful. ness of acquiescing when solemnly put upon their oath. Whether the use of oaths by the Legislature is advisable is another matter, on which we are not called upon to offer an opinion. A man may regret the custom, and feel that it brings with it grave dangers of the profanation of sacred things, and encourages the false idea of a double standard of truthfulness, and yet hold that Christian religion doth not prohibit, but that a man may swear when the magistrate requireth, in a cause of faith and charity, so it be done according to

1 This is made very plain if the marginal rendering of the Revised Version be adopted.

the prophet's teaching, in justice, judgment, and truth. The “prophet,” whose“ teaching” is here referred to, is the prophet Jeremiah, who says (iv. 2), “Thou shalt swear, As the Lord liveth, in truth, in judgment, and in righteousness”;l and if judicial oaths are permissible at all, it can only be on these conditions.

1 "Et jurabis : Vivit Dominus in veritate, et in judicio, et in justitia” (Vulgate). The passage is quoted in the Homily “Against Swearing and Perjury" (p. 73, S.P.C.K.), where the whole question of the lawfulness of oaths is also argued.

INDEX

on, 786.

AACHEN, Council of, 222. Aristides, 140, 299.
Abbot, Archbishop, 48.

Arminianism, 470.
Abelard, 111.

Arnold, T., 490.
Addis and Arnold, 472, 553, 659. Artemon, heresy of, 105.
Admonition to Parliament, 53, 458, Arundel, Archbishop, Constitutions
747.

of, 561.
Adoration, Eucharistic, 667. Ascension of Christ, 189.
A Lasco, John, 28, 643.

Assembly of Divines, 370, 376.
Albertus Magnus, 149, 435, 692. Athanasian Creed, not the work of
Alexander, Archbishop, 591.

Athanasius, 329; a Latin Creed,
Alexander of Hales, 435.

329; origin of name, 330 ; con-
Alexandria, Church of, 507.

troversy on date, 331; internal
Alexandria, Council of, 109.

evidence of date, 332; external
Alley, Bishop, on the descent into evidence, 333; MSS. of, 336;

hell, 160; on the Old Testament, contained in early collections of
281.

canons, 338 ; commentaries on,
Almsgiving, teaching of Scripture 339; used by early writers, 340 ;

probable date of, 343; use made
Ambrose, 219, 314, 360, 426. of, by the Church of England,
Amphilochius, 249, 265.

344 ; contents of, 345 ; objections
Anabaptists, 22, 24, 125, 282, 358, to, 346; mistranslations in, 347;

386, 398, 441, 455, 574, 588, 616, text of, 353.
760, 783, 788.

Athanasius, of Hypostasis,
Ancyra, Council of, 700, 711.

use

on

157.

478;

on

123 ; on the divinity of Christ, 144, 172, 242, 244, 330, 465, 607,
129 ; on the descent into hell, 632, 660.
167, 171 ; on the presence of Bull, Bishop, 365, 413, 416.
Christ as

man, 196; the Burke, Edmund, 63.
Macedonians, 208 ; on the pro. Burnet, Bishop, 18, 47, 660.
cession of the Holy Spirit, 219; Butler, Bishop, on the Atonement,
on the sufficiency of Scripture,
242; on the Canon of Scripture,
250, 256 ; on the Creed, 300; CÆSAREA, Baptismal Creed of, 316.
coincidences with the Athanasian Cæsarius of Arles, 309, 342.
Creed, 332, 345 ; on original sin, Cajetan, Cardinal, 572.
360, 371 ; on grace, 383 ; on Calvin, 385, 446, 474, 590.
justification, 393; on good works, Canon of Scripture, meaning of the
410; on works before justifica- term, 248 ; method of determin-
tion, 423; on predestination, ing, 250; difference between

on ceremonies, 517; England and Rome on, 252;
purgatory, 545 ; on miracles, evidence on which the Canon of
558;

on invocation of saints, the New Testament rests, 261.
566 ; on sacraments, 596 ; on the Capital punishment, 780.
Eucharist, 671.

Carthage, Council of, 257, 699.
Augustine of Canterbury, 518. Cassian, 304.
Autun, Council of, 333.

Celibacy of the clergy, history of,

696.
BANCROFT, Bishop, 482.

Ceremonial Law of Moses not bind.
Baptism, effect of, in removing orig ing on Christians, 294.

on

Concupiscence, 375, 377.

lectures of, 207, 800; on the
Confessio Basiliensis, 9.

Canon, 255, 265; on the term
Confessio Belgica, 10.

Apocryphal, 276 ; creed of, 321 ;
Confessio Gallicana, 10, 376.

the administration of the
Confessio Hclvetica, 10, 369.

Eucharist, 677.
Confession of Augsburg, 8, 90, 120, Cyril Lucar, Confession of, 259.

198, 232, 358, 388, 445, 493, 573,
587, 592, 616, 642, 680, 692, DALE, R. W., 147, 148.
761.

Decentius of Eugubium, 606.
Confession of Würtemberg, 9, 120, Deity, properties of, 139.

198, 232, 378, 388, 410, 513, Denebert, Bishop, 341.
587.

Denny and Lacey, 749.
Confirmation, 604, 630.

Descent into hell, change in the
Constance, Council of, 431, 679. Article on, 160. See also Hell,
Constantine Porphyrogenitus, 559. descent into.
Constantinople, first Council of, Diaconate, origin of, 733.

215, 533; second Council of, Diatessaron of Tatian, 269.
533; third Council of, 533 ; Diocesan System, origin of, 738.
seventh Council of, 559; eighth Diogenes of Cyzicus, 322.
Council of, 559.

Dionysius of Alexandria, 107.
Constantinople, Creed of, 324. Dionysius of Rome, 107.
Convocation, were the Forty-Two Dionysius the Areopagite, 597.

Articles submitted to it? 15. Divinity of the Son, proved from
Corpus Christi, Festival of, 666. Scripture, 127; of the Spirit, 199.
Cosin, Bishop, 49.

Dixon, Canon R. W., 3, 5, 12, 13,
Councils. See General Councils. 14, 17, 29, 561.
Counsels and precepts, 437. Docetism, 145.
Cranmer, Archbishop, prepares the Donatism, 779.

Forty-Two Articles, 12; his ac- Double procession, the doctrine of,
counts of the title to them, 17 ; 211; objections to, 224.
on the Eucharist, 642-674 ; his Driver, Dr., 164, 286, 291, 292.
marriage, 702; on the Royal
Supremacy, 769. See also 5, 7, ELECTION, 466 seq.
28, 258.

Elvira, Council of, 558, 698.
Creeds, origin of, 297 ; indications Enoch, Book of, 164, 287.

of, in New Testament, 297 ; early Ephesus, seventh canon of the
forms of, 298 ; interrogative forms Council of, 225; ratifies the
of, 300; introduced into the Creed of Nicæa, 324. Cf. 530,
liturgy, 300; used as tests of 523.
orthodoxy, 301; difference be- Ephraem the Syrian, 565.

tween Eastern and Western, 302. Epiphanius, Bishop of Salamis, on
Creighton, Bishop, 435, 556.

Montanism, 205 ; creeds given by,
Cup, denial of, to the laity, 506 ; 319. Cf. 208, 215, 324, 557.

condemned by early writers, 677; Episcopacy, history of, 731 ; how far
gradual growth of the practice, necessary, 744.
679; rejected by the Church of Episcopal succession, Church of
England, 680 ; grounds of the England, Roman objections to,
rejection, 681.

748.
Curteis, Canon, 68.

Erasmus, 568.
Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage, 105, Estcourt, 750.
307, 360, 427, 453, 555, 595, 639, Eternal generation of the Son, 123.
711, 778.