affections of the people, he should be able when they should know what they had to trust to, to carry on His Maj' affairs with much more success at this important and critical juncture - M' Walpole seemed lately, so convinced of the truth of these representations, that he was pleased to say, he could wish, Your Lord" would, to facilitate His Majty affairs, move His Grace the Duke of Newcastle in my fathers favour. Encouraged by this and by Your Lord's late favours, I most humbly presume to intreat your Lordship, that your Lord' would in consideration of what is above set forth be pleased to move His Grace the Duke of Newcastle on my Fathers behalf, that he may succeed your Lord' in that Govern'. This will greatly facilitate his Majty affairs, and as it will be some advantage to my father, and Your Lord" has been put to great charge in passing Your Commissions ettc. I shall upon such appointment immediately pay Your Lord" one thousand Guineas to indemnify Your Lord" from any loss, or expence occasioned thereby, which is all that the Govern' there under its present circumstances allows me to offer - I am

My Lord.

Your Lordships

London June 20th 1740.

(signed.)

most obedient and most humble servant GEORGE CLARKE JUN

E. B. O'Callaghan, editor, Documents relative to the Colonial History of the State of New-York (Albany, 1855), VI, 163–164.

57. A Governor's Perquisites (1743-1746)

BY GOVERNOR GEORGE CLINTON

Clinton was governor of New York from 1743 to 1753, at a time when the position had ceased to be financially desirable. — Bibliography: Winsor, Narrative and Critical History, V, 200-204.

S'

HORT heads to show the reasonableness of Governor Clinton's application for an allowance by way of equipage money. 1743.

1st Upon the apointment of Governors the Crown have frequently made an allowance by way of equipage money in order to assist 'em towards defraying the very considerable expence, the equipping and fitting them out for their own Govern" must necessarily occasion and this without any other reason;

Whereas in Governor Clinton's case there are many strong reason's, to be offered in support of this application, For:

2nd The Govern' of New York will not be near so valuable to Gov Clinton as it has been to his predecessors — The Province of New Jersey having always till now been united with New York, and under the same Government, and the salary paid by New Jersey has always been £1000 besides other considerable advantages, so that the making New Jersey a separate and distinct Govern' makes New York at least £1000 a year less in value to Gov' Clinton than it was to his predecessors.

3rd Former Governors had the advantage of one of the four companyes, besides the paying all the four Company's, which were together at least £2000 per annum, but which from the present method of paying those Company's Governor Clinton will be totally deprived of.

4th Former Governours have always had a mojety of their salary's from the date of their Commission to the time of their arrival in New York, but which from the different method the Assembly's of New York have lately fallen into in raising and paying this salary, Governor Clinton will have no advantage of, but from the time he shall actually arrive at New York, and get an act passed for that purpose.

5th Former Governors have likewise had considerable advantages from granting lands-But Governor Clinton can expect no benefit of this kind, there being now no vacant lands remaining to grant.

This Therefore hoped it will be thought reasonable to make Governor Clinton an allowance, by way of equipage money, towards assisting him, in defraying the expences of fitting himself out for his Government. . . My Lord.

[January 26, 1743/4.]

I take the liberty to acquaint your Grace that Lieut' Govern' Clark has told me he proposes going from hence in the spring with his family, and has strongly pressed me to trouble Your Grace in behalf of his son Hyde Clark who is a Lieut in my company here that you would be pleased to give consent to his being removed from hence into General Oglethorps Regim' to which the Lieut' Govern' has wrott to the General, whereby he hopes with the interest of his Friends he may rise in the service, I shall be highly obliged to your Grace for your concurrance and interest therein, for this reason, that if Lieut' Clark is removed there will be a vacancy, and as all my predecessors upon the occasion has claimed the nomination of a successor, as an emolument of this Govern', so I hope it will be considered by Your Grace to speak to S' Will" Young

that I should be indulged with the like privilidge, since so great a part of my income is curtailed by an appointment of a Governor of the Jersey, and several large perquisites take off, which before was always an appendix to this Govern' and without Your Grace will stand my friend for me to name the vacancy's here, I shall loose these little douceurs, which even the Lieut' Gov' has found the advantage off. . . .

My Lord.

New York 10th June 1746.

I must always acknowledge with a great many thanks the many favours I have received from your Grace and particular the last in obtaining for me this government, tho' it has fallen far short of what it was represented in regard to the support of a Governor, and to the climate, which has been fatal to one of my family, nor have I or any of the rest enjoyed any share of health since we have been in the Province. I am obliged to send my son out for change of air, he having had an ague & feaver for above this ten months, which has wore him to nothing. Therefore I am become a petitioner in behalf of my self and family, to beg of your Grace to get me his Majesty's leave to come to England for the recovery of my health, having very much empaired my hearing and eye sight.

As I offered my service to command the squadron to be appointed to go against Louisbourg, and took it for granted this present expedition would follow, and from some hint I had from home, I did not think I should have failed; but tho' I did not obtain it, I hope when I have leave to return to England that the Lords of the admiralty will appoint me some command to come home with from hence, as I take it for granted ships will be going home in the fall; as they appointed Commidore Knowles a command to bring him out to his government. This I must beg your Graces assistance in, as it may be a chance of making some little profit going home, which I have had no opportunity of doing here; but intirely submitt every thing to Your Grace . . .

E. B. O'Callaghan, editor, Documents relative to the Colonial History of the State of New-York (Albany, 1855), VI, 246-310 passim.

58. Recommendation for the Removal of a Governor

(1762)

BY THE LORDS COMMISSIONERS FOR TRADE AND PLANTATIONS This extract illustrates the remedy for persistent disobedience or corruption on the part of a governor.

COPY of Representation from the B: of Trade to the

King in Council, for removing M: Hardy from the Government of New Jersey, dated March 27th 1762 for his having appointed three Judges of that Province during their good behaviour, in Disobedience to his Majesty's Instructions.

To the Kings most Excellent Majesty,

May it please your Majesty...

We have already in Our humble Representation to your Majesty of the 11th of November last so fully set forth Our Opinion of the impropriety of the Judges in the Plantations holding their Offices during good behaviour and the operation, weh in the present state of those Plantations such a Constitution would have to lessen their just and proper dependance upon your Majesty's Government that it is unnecessary for Us to add any thing further upon that head, and your Majesty's General Instructions to all your Governors and those Instructions in particular which were grounded upon that Representation are so full and so positive that We cannot offer any thing that may in the least degree extenuate so premeditated and unprecedented an Act of disobedience of your Majesty's Governor of New Jersey, in a matter so essential to your Majesty's interest and Service, not only in that Province but in all other your Majesty's American Dominions.

The appointing Mr Morris to be Chief Justice after the Contempt he had shown of your Majesty's authority, by procuring a person who had been appointed to that Office in consequence of His late Majesty's Warrant, to be superseded by a Judgment of that Court, in which he claimed to preside by a bare authority of the Governor, is alone such an example of misconduct, as does, in our opinion, render the Governor unworthy of the Trust your Majesty has conferred upon him.

But aggravated as his Guilt is by the mode of the appointment and by the influence which it will necessary have in the neighbouring Provinces of Pensylvania and New York, and particularly in the latter, where the utmost zeal and efforts of the Lieut Governor has been hardly sufficient to restrain the intemperate zeal and indecent opposition of the Assembly to your Majesty's authority, and Royal Determination upon this point: It becomes, under these Circumstances, our indispensible duty to propose that this Gentleman may be forthwith Recalled from his Government, as a necessary example to deter others in the same situation from like Acts of Disobedience to your Majesty's Orders, and as a measure essentially necessary to support your Majesty's just Rights and authority in the Colonies and to enable Us to do Our duty in the station your Majesty has been graciously pleased to place Us in, and effectually to execute the Trust committed to Us.

F. W. Ricord and W. Nelson, editors, Documents relating to the Colonial History of the State of New Jersey (Newark, 1885), IX, 361–362 passim.

59. The Ground of Dispute over Salaries (1764)

BY LATE GOVERNOR THOMAS POWNALL

This question was the chief occasion of dispute between governors and their assemblies. Pownall had special opportunities for knowing the difficulties of the situation. - Bibliography as in No. 53 above.

TH

HE next general point yet undetermined, the determination of which very essentially imports the subordination and dependance of the colony governments on the government of the mother country, is, the manner of providing for the support of government, and for all the executive officers of the crown. The freedom and right efficiency of the constitution require, that the executive and judicial officers of government should be independent of the legislative; and more especially in popular governments, where the legislature itself is so much