Dismissal, 199. Address of the two Houses, 200. Motion for Impeachment,

201. Futility of the Charges, 201. Fury of the Commons, 201. General

Impeachment preferred, 202. Lords refuse to commit on this general Charge,

202. Quarrel between the two Houses, 203. Attempts to induce Clarendon

to fly, 203. Clarendon's undignified Letter to the King, 203. The King's

Advice that he should fly, 204. Advice of the Duke of York, 205. Clarendon

flies, 204. Embarks for France, 205. Impolicy of his Flight, 206. Claren-

don's Letter to the House of Lords, 206. Letter voted Scandalous and Sedi-

tious, 206. Ordered to be burnt by the Common Hangman, 207. Bill for the

Banishment of Clarendon, 207. Bill receives Royal Assent, 208.

CHAPTER LXXXIII.

CONCLUSION OF THE LIFE OF LORD CLARENDON.

Clarendon's Adventures after embarking for France, 208. At Rouen, 208. At

Calais, 209. Prevented by Illness from returning to England in time to prevent

his Banishment, he resolves to live at Avignon, 209. His great Peril from

English Sailors at Evereux, 210. He proceeds to Avignon, 211. Settles at

Montpellier, 212. His bodily Debility, 212. His literary Occupations, 212.

Conversion of his Daughter to Popery, 212. His Letter to her, 212. Her

Death, 213. He retires to Moulins, 213. Charles II. refuses Leave to Claren-

don to return to England, 214. Works written by him at Moulins, 214. Re-

moves to Rouen, 214. His renewed Applications to be allowed to return to die

in England refused, 214. His last Will, 214. His Death, 215. His Funeral,

215. His Character, 216. His laudable Conduct before his Elevation to

Power, 216. His Errors when in Power, 216. His Merits as Minister, 216.

As a Judge, 218. He made good Judges, 219. He encouraged Law Reform,

219. Illegal Proclamations issued by him, 219. Improper Prosecution of

Twyn, 220. Clarendon's Speeches, 220. His "History of the Rebellion," 220.

His Autobiography, 221. His other Writings, 222. His Letters, 222. He

assisted in the Formation of the Royal Society, 222. Chancellor of the Uni-

versity of Oxford, 222. His Manners, 222. His Mode of Living, 223. Cla-

rendon House, 223. Cornbury, 223. Glory of his Exile, 224. His Descend-

ants, 224.

CHAPTER LXXXIV.

LIFE OF LORD KEEPER BRIDGEMAN.

Sir Orlando Bridgeman, Lord Keeper, 224. His Birth and Education, 224.

Called to the Bar, 225. A strong Royalist, 225. His Services at Chester at

the breaking out of the Civil War, 225. He is expelled from the House of

Commons, 225. Attends the Convention at Oxford, 225. Titular Attorney

General to the Court of Wards, 225. Commissioner for the King at Uxbridge,

226. He practises as Chamber Counsel during the Commonwealth, 226. On

Restoration made Chief Baron of the Exchequer, 227. Presides at the Trial of

the Regicides, 227. Made a Baronet and Chief Justice of the Common Pleas,

228. His great Fame as a Common-law Judge, 228. His Hostility to Parlia-

mentary Privilege, 229. His Judgment that removing the Court of Common

Pleas to a Recess from Westminster Hall would be contrary to MAGNA CHARTA,

229. He abstains from Politics, 229. He is sworn in Lord Keeper, 230. His

Installation in Westminster Hall, 230. A bad Equity Judge, 231. His Con-

duct to Lord Clarendon, 231. Not implicated in the profligate Measures of the

CABAL, 232. He was prevailed upon to put the Great Seal to the " Declaration

of Indulgence," 232. Shutting up of the Exchequer, 232. Bankers apply for

Injunctions, 233. Shaftesbury and the King try to prevail on the Lord Keeper

to grant the Injunctions, 234. Lord Keeper refuses the Injunctions, 234. And

is dismissed from his Office, 234. Supposed additional Ground for Bridgeman's

Dismissal, 235. His Death, 235. His Character, 235. His Descendants, 235.

CHAPTER LXXXV.

LIFE OF LORD CHANCELLOR SHAFTESBURY FROM HIS BIRTH TILL THE RESTORATION OF

CHARLES II.

Sudden Transition from Bridgeman to Shaftesbury, 236. Shaftesbury's probable

Career, 236. His Birth, 236. His Education, 236. At Oxford, 237. At

Lincoln's Inn, 337. His Marriage, 237. Ingratiates himself with the Corpo-

ration of Tewkesbury, 237. He is elected a Member of Parliament, 238. A

warm Royalist, 238. Sits in the Short Parliament, 238. Not returned to the

Long Parliament, 238. He joins the Royal Standard, 238. Gets possession of

Weymouth for the King, 239. He is disgusted by Prince Maurice, 239. He

goes over to the Parliament, 239. His laudable Practice on changing Sides, 239.

He receives a military Command from the Parliament in the West, 240. He

storms Wareham, 240. His other Exploits in the Field, 240. He abandons

Arms, 240. His Obscurity during the Rise of Cromwell, 240. He associates

with the Presbyterians, 240. He coalesces with Cromwell, 240. He is a

Member of Barebones' Parliament, 241. His Conduct in this Parliament, 241.

His Difference with Cromwell, 242. Shaftesbury, a Member of Cromwell's se-

cond Parliament, 242. He is excluded, 242. He refuses a Seat in Cromwell's

Council of State, 243. Shaftesbury returned to Cromwell's third Parliament,

but not allowed to take his Seat, 243. Shaftesbury returned to Richard's Par-

liament, 243. He intrigues for the Restoration of Charles II., 243. His Speech

against Oliver's House of Peers, 244. His Policy to further the Restoration,

245. He is taken up on Suspicion, but released, 245. He is appointed a Com-

missioner for the Command of the Forces, 246. Supports Act to put an End to

the Long Parliament, 246. He is returned to the Convention Parliament, 246.

He is appointed a Commissioner to wait upon Charles II. at Breda, 246. He

meets with an Accident on his Journey, 246. His gracious Reception by the

King, 247.

CHAPTER LXXXVI.

CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF LORD SHAFTESBURY TILL HIS APPOINTMENT AS LORD

CHANCELLOR.

Shaftesbury's various Promotions on the Restoration, 247. Difficulty in accounting

for his quiet Conduct for seven Years, 247. He sits on the Trial of the Regi-

cides, 247. His profligate Manners, 247. He begins to intrigue against Cla-

rendon, 248. Appointment of Lord Keeper Bridgeman, 248. Shaftesbury

assists in the Banishment of Clarendon, 248. The Triple Alliance, broken by

Shaftesbury, 249. Shutting up of the Exchequer, 249. He is made an Earl,

249. He suggests the Injunctions in the Bankers' Suits, 250. Dismissal of

Sir O. Bridgeman, 250. Shaftesbury Chancellor, 250.

CHAPTER LXXXVII.

CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF LORD SHAFTESBURY TILL HIS DISMISSAL FROM THE

OFFICE OF LORD CHANCELLOR.

Fantastical Conduct of Shaftesbury on his Appointment as Chancellor, 250. His

Contempt for the Lawyers, 251. He is sworn in, 251. His grand equestrian

Procession on the first day of Term, 251. Description of the Procession by

Roger North, 251. Erroneous Opinion that Shaftesbury was a good Judge, 253.

Character in Absalom and Achitophel, 253. Purchased by a Favour to Dryden,

253. Shaftesbury's Ignorance and Incompetence as a Judge, 253. Course taken

by the Chancery Bar, 253. Proofs that Dryden was bribed by Shaftesbury,

253. His Decisions, 255. His Conduct in Injunctions, 255. Shaftesbury's

Advice to a Judge, 256. Speech in swearing in Clifford as Lord Treasurer,

256. A Parliament summoned, 256. The Chancellor of his own Authority

issues Writs for the new Election of Members of the House of Commons, 256.

Claims the Right to decide on the Validity of the Election of Members, 256.

Shaftesbury's Speech on opening the Parliament, 256. His Apology for it,

257. He suddenly intrigues with the Country Party, 257. He supports the

Test Act, 258. The Duke of York and Clifford resign, 258. The Recess, 259.

Shaftesbury stirs up the House of Commons against the Court, 259. Resolu-

tion to dissolve Parliament, 260. Parliament prorogued, 260. Time and Place

fixed for taking the Great Seal from Shaftesbury, 260. His farewell Interview

with Charles, 260. Alarm of the Courtiers, 260. Great Seal taken from

Shaftesbury and delivered to Sir Heneage Finch as Lord Keeper, 261. He

buckles on his Sword, 261.

CHAPTER LXXXVIII.

CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF LORD SHAFTESBURY TILL THE BREAKING OUT OF THE

POPISH PLOT.

The Ex-chancellor at the Head of the Opposition, 261. His Intrigues in the City,

261. Becomes Champion of the Protestant Faith, 261. His factious Conduct

in Parliament, 262. He is outbid by Danby, 262. The Test Bill proposed to

establish Passive Obedience, and to prevent the Proposal of any Change in the

Law, 262. Constitution saved by Shaftesbury, 262. His opposition to the Test

Bill, 262. Shaftesbury's Contest with the Lord Keeper, 263. His Repartee

to a Non-preaching Bishop, 263. He defeats the Test Bill by raising a Quarrel

between the two Houses on Privilege, 263. Question as to the Right of the

Lords to hear Appeals from Courts of Equity, 264. Shaftesbury maintains the

Right in the House of Lords, 264. And gets it denied in the House of Com-

mons, 264. Arrest, Discharge, and Recaption of the Four Barristers, 264. At-

tempt of the King to allay the Quarrel, 265. The two Houses are brought to

Extremities, 265. A Prorogation necessary, 265. Skill displayed by Shaftes-

bury in this affair, 266. A Pamphlet of Shaftesbury's voted a Libel, and ordered

to be burned by the common Hangman, 266. He revives the Question of Pri-

vilege, 267. His Speech to inflame the Lords, 267. Resolutions of the Com-

mons, 267. Parliament prorogued for Fifteen Months, 267. Shaftesbury

maintains that Parliament was dissolved by the long Prorogation, 268. Shaftes-

bury and other Lords committed to the Tower, 269. Shaftesbury brought by

Habeas Corpus before the Court of King's Bench, 269. His Argument against

the Validity of his Commitment, 269. Judgment, 269. He is remanded to Prison,

269. He is obliged to apologise to the Lords, 270. These Proceedings after-

wards vacated, 270. Shaftesbury's fallen and seemingly hopeless State, 270.

CHAPTER LXXXIX.

CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF LORD SHAFTESBURY TILL THE DISSOLUTION OF THE

OXFORD PARLIAMENT.

Origin of the Popish Plot, 271. Shaftesbury conducts all the proceedings in Par-
liament respecting it, 271. Act passed to disqualify Roman Catholics from
sitting in Parliament, 271. Duke of York excluded from Office, 272. Trials
for the Popish Plot, 273. Impeachment of Danby, 273. Dissolution of Par-
liament, 273. A new Parliament, 273. Impeachment of Danby, 273. Shaftes-
bury's Speech for a Committee on the State of the Nation, 273. Sir William
Temple's new Plan of Government by a Council of Thirty, 274. Shaftesbury
made President of the Council, 274. He is without Power, 275. He resolves
on the Exclusion of the Duke of York, and making the Duke of Monmouth
Heir to the Throne, 275. He still encourages the Popish Plot, 275. He takes
up his Residence in the City of London, 275. He is the Author of the Habeas
Corpus Act, 275. Mistake in telling the Numbers on the third Reading of the

Bill, 276. The Exclusion Bill, 277. The King orders a Proclamation for a Disso-

lution of Parliament, 277. Prorogation of the new Parliament ordered, 277.

Shaftesbury dismissed, 278. Origin of Whigs and Tories, 278. Shaftesbury's

Procession to inflame the public Mind, 278. He recalls Monmouth, 278.

Pamphlets, 278. Petitions for assembling Parliament, 279. King's Marriage

with Lucy Walters, 279. Shaftesbury prosecutes the Duke of York as a

Popish Recusant, 579. Grand Jury discharged, 279. A Session of Parliament,

279. Resolutions against the Duke of York, 280. Exclusion Bill passes the

Commons, 280. The King canvasses against it, 280. Shaftesbury's Speech

for the Bill, 280. Answered by Lord Halifax, 281. Bill lost, 281. Its character,

281. Shaftesbury's published Speech supposed to have been spoken against the

King in his presence in the House of Lords, 281. He brings in Bill to dissolve

King's Marriage, 282. Bills which Shaftesbury caused to be introduced in the

House of Commons, 283. Prosecution of Scroggs and Sir Geo. Jeffreys, 283.

Address for the Removal of Halifax, 283. Violent Resolutions of the House of

Commons prompted by Shaftesbury, 284. Dissolution of Westminster Parlia-

ment and new Parliament summoned to meet at Oxford, 284. Petitions against

Parliament meeting at Oxford, 284. Elections, 284. Instructions to the New

Members, 284. Secret Treaty with France, 285. Shaftesbury and his Par-

tisans repair to Oxford, 285. Proceedings of the Oxford Parliament, 285. Com-

plaint respecting Bill passed by both Houses in the last Parliament, 285. Ex-

clusion Bill and Impeachment of Fitzharris, 285. Plan of the Court to defeat

the Exclusion Bill, 285. Indiscretion of Shaftesbury on this Subject, 286.

Illegal Step in impeaching Fitzharris for High Treason before the Lords, 286.

Shaftesbury's Reasons in Support of the Impeachment, 286. The Lord Chan-

cellor contrà, 287. The Lords decide against the Impeachment, 287. Reso-

lutions of the Commons, 287. A Commoner cannot be tried before the Lords

on Impeachment by the Commons of a capital Offence, 287. King's Determi-

nation to dissolve the Parliament kept secret, 288. Dissolution, 288. The

King leaves Oxford, 288. General Dispersion, 288. Shaftesbury returns to

London, 288.

CHAPTER XC.

CONCLUSION OF THE LIFE OF LORD SHAFTESBURY.

Complete victory of the Court, 289. Execution of Fitzharris, and of College, 289.

Shaftesbury arrested for High Treason, 290. Evidence against him, 290. He

is committed to the Tower, 290. Difficulty to get an Indictment found against

him by a Grand Jury, 290. Refusal to bail him according to Habeas Corpus

Act, 291. Pamphlets published against him, 291. "Absalom and Achitophel,"

292. Proceedings at the Old Bailey when Bill of Indictment preferred, 292.

Indictment thrown out by the Grand Jury, 292. Shaftesbury's Demeanour on

hearing the News, 293. Saying of King Charles, 293. Dryden's Poem of

"The Medal," 293. Second Part of "Absalom and Achitophel," 294. Shaftes-

bury is discharged, 294. He prosecutes his Accusers for a Conspiracy, 295.

Revolution of the Government of the City of London, 295. Quo Warranto

Proceedings against the City of London, 295. Shaftesbury's Plan for an In-

surrection, 295. He conceals himself in the City, 295. He goes in Disguise to

Harwich, 296. His Danger of being detected there, 296. He escapes to Hol-

land, 296. He is admitted a Citizen of Amsterdam, 297. His splendid Mode of

Living at Amsterdam, 297. His last Illness and Death, 297. Honours paid to

his Remains, 297. His Epitaph, 297. His good Qualities, 297. Absurd

Attempts to prove his Consistency and his unmixed Virtues, 298. His Poli-

tical Career, 298. His Unfitness for the Office of Chancellor, 298. His public

Services, 298. The first "Great Debater" in England, 299. His Writings,

299. Loss of his Autobiography, 299. Agreeable in Society, 300. His En-

tertainments, 300. His licentious Morals, 301. His Compliment to Charles

II., 301. His Family, 301. His Person, 301. His Descendants, 302.

CHAPTER XCI.

LIFE OF LORD CHANCELLOR NOTTINGHAM FROM HIS BIRTH TILL HE WAS CREATED

LORD CHANCELLOR.

His Birth, 302. His Family, 302. His Steadiness at School and College, 302.

Entered at the Inner Temple, 303. A diligent Student of the Law, 303.

Called to the Bar, 303. Marries, 303. Obscurity of his Career till the Resto-

ration of Charles II., 303. He is returned to the Convention Parliament, 303.

He is made Solicitor General, 304. Motion for the King to marry a Protestant,

304. Impeachment of Drake, 305. Finch's Sentiment that Milton should be

hanged," 305. He conducts the Trial of the Regicides, 305. His grand Feast

when Reader" at the Inner Temple, 306. He is censured at Oxford for not

obtaining the Repeal of Hearth Money, 306. Unpopular for supporting free

Trade with Ireland, 306. He was true to Clarendon, 307. His Eloquence at

the Bar, 307. His Speech on the Trial of Lord Morley, 307. He is made

Attorney General, 308. Right of the Lords to alter Money Bills, 308. Finch's

Feelings and Demeanour on the Appointment of Shaftesbury to be Chancellor,

309. He maintains the King's absolute Power to dispense with all Laws, 309.

Contends that Supply should precede Consideration of Grievances, 309. He

is made Lord Keeper, 309. He seals a Pardon to Shaftesbury, 310. He takes

his Seat in the Court of Chancery, 310. Autobiography, 310. He is created

Lord Chancellor, and afterwards Earl of Nottingham, 311. Lord Finch Chan-

cellor, 311.

CHAPTER XCII.

CONTINUATION OF THE LIFE OF LORD NOTTINGHAM TILL HIS FIRST QUARREL WITH

LORD SHAFTESBURY.

His high Merits as a Judge, 311. His Preparation for the Performance of his judi-

cial Duties, 311. A great Common Lawyer, 312. Writes Law Treatises, 312.

His "Equity Practice" and Prolegomena of Equity," 312. His Habit of

writing his Judgments, 312. His able Despatch of Business in the Court of

Chancery, 313. Free from Bribery, 314. His unprincipled Conduct as a

Statesman, 314. His Speech to the two Houses in praise of the King, 315. He

outvies the Country Party in raising the Cry of "No Popery," 316. He pro-

poses the Passive Obedience Test Bill, 316. Is defeated by Shaftesbury, 316.

His triumph over Shaftesbury on the Question, whether Parliament was dis-

solved by long Prorogation, 316. Breaking out of the Popish Plot, 317. Not-

tingham supports the Popish Plot, 318. Nottingham's reprehensible Conduct

on the Trial of Lord Stafford, 319. His Speech in passing Sentence of Death

on the Prisoner, 319. Impeachment of Danby, 321. Q. whether a Pardon

could be pleaded in bar to an Impeachment? 321. Trick by which Danby's

Pardon was sealed by the King himself, 322. Nottingham and Shaftesbury sit

next each other in same Cabinet, 323. Final Quarrel between them, 323.

CHAPTER XCIII.

CONCLUSION OF THE LIFE OF LORD NOTTINGHAM.

Superiority of Shaftesbury over Nottingham in Debate, 323. Nottingham assists

in suppressing a Bill passed by the two Houses, 324. Parliament at Oxford,

324. Indiscreet Conduct of Shaftesbury, 324. Advantage gained by Notting-

ham respecting the Impeachment of Fitzharris, 324. Sudden Dissolution of

Oxford Parliament, 324. Trial of Earl of Pembroke, and Montgomery, 325.

Trial of Lord Cornwallis, 325. Improper Conduct of Nottingham after the

Dissolution of the Oxford Parliament, 326. His Illness, 327. His Death, 327.

His Funeral, 327. His Epitaph, 327. His Character as a Statesman, 327. His