peag* Bay below Norfolk. To the westward they went up Albemarle Sound and Chowan River about forty leagues, to a nation called Chowanogs, whose king, Menatonona,† amused them with a story of a copper mine and a pearl fishery; in search of which they spent much time, and so exhausted their provisions that they were glad to eat their dogs before they returned to Roanoke.

During this excursion their friend Granganimeo died, and his brother Wingina§ discovered his hostile disposition towards the colony. The return of Mr. Lane and his party from their excursion gave a check to his malice for a while; but he secretly laid a plot for their destruction, which being 'betrayed to the English, they seized all the boats on * [The word Chesepeak is said to signify in the Indian tongue "Mother of Waters."-Bosman's Maryland, 77, note.— H.]

was,

"for a

It [Lane calls him Menatonon, and says that he savage, a very grave and wise man, and of a very singular good discourse in matters concerning the state." He writes the name of the province Chawanook, and adds that the town itself, in addition to the forces of the province, was able to send 700 fighting men into the field.-H.]

[Lane calls it "Dogge's Porredge." After they had finished that dish, they had for one or two days "nothing in the world to eat but pottage of sassafras leaves."-H.]

[Wingina had now changed his name to Pemisapan, and the conspiracy is commonly spoken of as Pemisapan's.--H.]

the island. This brought on a skirmish, in which five or six Indians were killed, and the rest fled to the woods. After much jealousy and dissimulation on both sides, Wingina was drawn into a snare, and, with eight of his men, fell a sacrifice to the resentment of the English.*

In a few days after Wingina's death, Sir Francis Drake, who had been cruising against the Spaniards in the West Indies, and had received orders from the queen to visit this colony, arrived with his fleet on the coast, and, by the unanimous desire of the people, took them all off and carried them to England, where they arrived in July, 1586.†

Within a fortnight after the departure of this unfortunate colony, Sir Richard Gren

* [This was on the first of June, 1586.-H.]

† [Hakluyt, iii., 265, mentions a voyage made in 1586, by a ship fitted out by Sir Walter at his own charge, for the relief of his colony in Virginia, which arrived at Cape Hatteras between the departure of Drake and the arrival of Grenville, and which, after an unsuccessful search, returned to England.

He was now rapidly growing in favour with the queen, and about this time was appointed by her seneschal of the duches of Cornwall and Exeter, and lord-warden of the stannaries in Devonshire and Cornwall. He was also a partner in a voyage undertaken by the Duke of Cumberland to the South Sea, and sent two pinnaces to the Azores, which took several prizes.Hakluyt, ii., 120.-H.]

ville arrived with three ships for their relief. Finding their habitation abandoned, and being unable to gain any intelligence of them, he landed fifty* men on the Island of Roanoke, plentifully supplied with provisions for two years, and then returned to England.

The next year (1587†) three ships‡ were sent, under the command of John White,s who was appointed governor of the colony, with twelve counsellors. To them Raleigh gave a charter of incorporation for the city of Raleigh, which he ordered them to build on the River Chesepeag, the northern extent of the discovery. After narrowly escaping shipwreck on Cape Fear, they arrived at Hatteras on the 22d of July, and sent a party to Roanoke to look for the second colony of * [Hakluyt says fifteen men, iii., 265, and again 282, 3, 4 Smith, p. 13, says "fiftie."-H.]

[This year Sir Walter was made captain of the guard to her majesty, and lieutenant-general of the county of Cornwall. He was also a member of the Parliament which met March 23d, 1587, and received from the queen a grant of the lands of Anthony Babington, which had been forfeited on account of his connexion with the conspiracy in favour of Mary Queen of Scots. -H.]

[They carried one hundred and fifty colonists.-Hakluyt, iii., 280, 281.-H.]

[White sailed from Plymouth May 8th. His fleet consisted of "the Admiral, a shippe of 120 tunnes, a flie-boat, and a pinnesse."-Hakluyt, iii., 280, 281.-H.]

fifty men. They found no person living, and the bones of but one dead. The huts were standing, but were overgrown with bushes and weeds. In conversation with some of the natives, they were informed that the colony had been destroyed by Wingina's people in revenge of his death.

Mr. White endeavoured to renew a friend. ly intercourse with those natives, but their jealousy rendered them implacable. He therefore went across the water to the main with a party of twenty-five men, and came suddenly on a company of friendly Indians, who were seated round a fire, one of whom they killed before they discovered the mistake.

Two remarkable events are mentioned as happening at this time: one was the baptism of Manteo, the faithful Indian guide; the other was the birth of a female child, daughter of Ananias Dare,* one of the council, which, being the first child born in the colony, was named Virginia.

By this time (August 21) the ships had unloaded their stores, and were preparing to return to England. It was evident that a

* [Dare had married Eleanor, daughter of Governor White. The birth took place Aug. 18th.-H.]

farther supply was necessary, and that some person must go home to solicit it. A dispute arose in the council on this point, and, after much altercation, it was determined that the governor was the most proper person to be sent on this errand. The whole colony joined in requesting him to proceed, promising to take care of his interest in his absence. With much reluctance he consented, on their subscribing a testimonial of his unwillingness to quit the plantation. He accordingly sailed on the 27th of August, and arrived in England the following November. The nation was in a state of alarm and apprehension on account of the war with Spain, and of the invincible armada, which had threatened it with an invasion. Sir Walter Raleigh was one of the queen's council of war,* as were also Sir Richard Grenville and Mr. Lane. Their time was wholly taken up with public consultations, and Governor White was obliged to wait till the plan of operations against the enemy could be adjusted and carried into execution.

* [Raleigh was at this time one of the gentlemen of her majesty's privy chamber, and his wine-patent seems to have been enlarged. This was continued to him till the close of Elizabeth's reign.-H.]

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