military talents of a very fupe "rior nature; nor were they ever "able to take him prifoner during "the civil war. . "To return to Kofinfki, the man "who faved the king's life. About a week after Lukawiki and Stra"wenfki's execution, he was fent by his majefy out of Poland. He now refides at Semigallia in the papal territories, where he enjoys "an annual penfion from the king. "A circumftance almoft incredi"ble, and which feems to breathe "all the fanguinary bigotry of the 16th century, I cannot omit. It "is that the papal nuntio in Poland, infpired with a furious zeal against "the diffidents, whom he believed "to be protected by the king, not only approved the fcheme for affaflinating his majefty, but bleffed "the weapons of the confpirators at "Czetíchokow, previous to their fetting out on their expedition. "This is a trait indifputably true, "and fcarcely to be exceeded by any thing under the reign of "Charles IX. of France, and of his "mother Catharine of Medicis." 46 " the Red Ribband, was created by the fame fovereign, but never conferred until the reign of Catharine 1. in 1725 + The order of St. Anne of Hol ftein was inftituted, in 1735, by Charles Frederick duke of Holftein, in memory of his wife Anne, daugh ter of Peter the Great, and introduced into Ruffia by her fon Peter III. It is in the difpofal of the greatduke, as fovereign of Holftein. The knights wear a red ribband bordered with yellow. The military order of St. George, called alfo the order of Merit, and which has the precedence over that of St. Anne, was created by the prefent emprefs in 1769. It is appropriated to perfons ferving by land or by fea, and is never bestowed in time of peace. The knights wear a ribband with black and orange ftripes. This order is divided into four claffes; The knights of the firft clafs, called the Great Cross, wear the ribband over the right shoulder, and the ftar upon the left fide. Each receives an annual falary of 700 rubles 140. The knights of the fecond clafs wear the ftar upon their left breaft, the ribband with the cross pendant round their neck. Each receives 400 roubles 80 per ann The knights of the third clafs wear the mail cross pendant round their = neck. Each receives 200 roubles, or 40 £ per ann. This clafs admits 50. The knights of the fourth clafs wear the fmall cross faftened by a ribband to the button-hole, like the French Croix de St. Louis Each receives 100 roubles, or £20 per ann. The fund of this order, affigned by the emprefs for the payment of their falaries and other expences is 40,000 roubles 8,000 per ann. Of this 1680 is destined for the firft class; and 2000 for each of the remaining three. The number of knights is unlimited. In 1778, the first clafs, which is confined to commanders in chief, contained only four ; namely, Marshal Romanzof, for his victories over the Turks; Count Alexéy Orlof, for burning the Turkish fleet at Tchefme; Count Panin, for the taking of Bender; and Prince Dolgorucki, for his conquefts in the Crimea. The fecond clafs com. prifed only eight knights; the third 48; and the fourth 237. No perfon can obtain this order without having performed fome gallant exploit, or having ferved with credit in the rank of officer 25 years by land, or 18 by fea*. There is alfo the order of St. Catharine, appropriated to the ladies: it was inftituted in 1714 by Peter, in honour of his wife Catharine. The motto of "Love and fidelity" was intended to commemorate the difplay of thofe virtues in her behaviour on the banks of the Pruth. This order is extremely honourable, as, befide the emprefs, the greatduchefs, and a few foreign princeffes, only five Ruffian ladies were decorated with it. orders of the White Eagle and of St. Stanislaus. The order of St Andrew is the first and most diftinguifhed of thefe, which, befide the fovereign princes and foreigners, comprifed, in 1778, 26 Ruffians; that of St. Alexander Neviki 109; and that of St. Anne 208. The emprefs may alfo be faid to have the difpofal of the Polish Since our departure from Ruffia her majefty inftituted, on the 4th of October, 1782, a new order, called St. Vladimir, in favour of those who ferve in civil employments; and it is nearly on the fame footing as that of St. George with refpect to the falaries annexed to the different claffes. There are to be ten great croffes, twenty of the fecond clafs, thirty of the third, and fixty of the fourth, befide a fifth for those who have ferved 35 years, which gives them a right to wear it." "A feparate edifice of brick ftuccoed white, called the Hermitage, communicates with the palace by means of a covered gallery. It takes its appellation from its be. ing the fcene of Imperial retirement, but bears no other refemblance to an hermitage, except in its name, the apartments being extremely fpacious, and decorated in a fuperb ftyle of regal magnificence. To this favourite fpot the empress ufually repairs for an hour or two every day; and on a Thursday evening the gives a private ball and fupper to the principal perfons who form her court; foreign ministers and foreign noblemen being feldom invited. At this entertainment all ceremony is faid to be banished, as far as is confiftent with that refpect which is paid to a great fovereign. The attendance of fervants is excluded, while the fupper and various refreshments are prefented on fmall tables, which emerge through trap-doors. Many directions for the regulation of this felect fociety are difpofed in the various apait *See Ukafe ueber die Stiftung des St. Georg's-Ordens, in Schmidts Bey trage. ments This hermitage contains a numerous aflemblage of pictures, chiefly purchafed by her prefent majefty. Its principal ornament was the celebrated collection of Crozat, which devolved by heritage to the Baron de Thieres, upon whofe death the emprefs purchafed it from his heirs. The Houghton collection, the lofs of which every lover of the arts in England must fincerely regret, will form a moft valuable acceflion. being contrafted with the dismal and dreary feafon of the year. The ordinary tribution of the emprefs's time at Petersburgh, as far as I could colle& from inquiries which I had many opportunities of making, as it concerns fo great a princefs, cannot be unacceptable to the reader. Her majefty ufually rifes about fix, and is engaged till eight or nine in public bufinefs with her fecretary. At ten the generally begins her toilet; and while her hair is dreffing, the minifters of ftate, and her aid-de-camps in waiting, pay their respects, and receive their orders. Being dreffed about eleven, the fends for her grandchildren, the young princes Alex ander and Conftantine, or vifits them in their own apartment. Before dinner the receives a visit from the great-duke and duchefs; and fits down to table rather before one. She has always company at dinner, ufually about nine perfons, confifling of the generals and lords in waiting, a lady of the bed chamber, a maid of honour, and two or three of the Ruffian nobility, whom the invites. Their Imperial highnefes dine with her three times in the week, on which days the party is encreased to eighteen perfons. The lord of the bed.chamber in waiting, who always fits oppofite to the emprefs, carves one dith and prefents it to her; an attention which, after having once politely accepted, the afterwards difpenfes with. Her majefty is remarkably temperate, and is feldom at table more than an hour. From thence the retires to her own apartment; and about three fre A winter and fummer garden, comprited within the fite of the building, are fingular curiofities, and fuch as do not perhaps, occur in any other palace in Europe. The fummer garden, in the true Afatic ftyle occupies the whole level top of the edifice at this feafon of the year it was entirely buried under the fnow, which prevented our viewing it. The winter garden is entirely roofed and furrounded with glafs frames; it is an high and fpacious hot-house, laid out in gravel walks, ornamented with parterres of flowers, orange trees, and other fhrubs; and peopled with feveral birds of fundry forts and various climates, which flitted from tree to tree. The whole exhibited a pleafing effe&t, and was the more delightful as * Sit down where you chufe, and when you pleafe, without its being repeated to you a thoufand times.. ཐ་ quently quently repairs to her library in the Hermitage. At five fhe goes to the theatre, or to a private concert; and, when there is no court in the evening, has a private party at cards. She feldom fups, generally retires at half paft ten, and is ufually in bed before eleven." Curious Account of the Diftreffes and Ffcape of the Pretender, Prince Charles Edward, after the Battle of Culloden, in the Year 1745. From the Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides with Dr. Johnson, by James Bofwell, Efq. Mr. Bofwell introduces the following Account, with thefe words. FRO ROM what fhet told us, and from what I was told by others perfonally concerned, and from a paper of information which Rafay was fo good as to fend me, at my defire, I have compiled the following abftract, which, as it contains fome curious anecdotes, will, I imagine, not be uninterefting to my readers, and even, perhaps, be of fome ufe to future hiftorians. "Prince Charles Edward, after the battle of Culloden, was convey. ed to what is called the Long Island, where he lay for fome time concealed. But intelligence having been obtained where he was, and a number of troops having come in queft of him, it became abfolutely neceffary for him to quit that country, without delay, Mifs Flora Macdonald, then a young lady, animated by what the thought the facred princi ple of loyalty, offered, with the magnanimity of a heroine, to accompany him in an open boat to Sky, though the coaft they were to quit was guarded by fhips. He dreffed himself in women's clothes, and paffed as her fuppofed maid, by the name of Betty Bourke, an Irith girl. They got off undifcovered, though feveral fhots were fired to bring them to, and landed at Mugtot, the feat of Sir Alexander Sir Alexander was Macdonald. then at Fort Auguftus, with the duke of Cumberland; but his lady was at home. Prince Charles took his poft upon a hill near the house. Flora Macdonald waited on lady Margaret, and acquainted her of the enterprize in which the was en. gaged. Her ladyfhip, whofe active benevolence was ever feconded by fuperior talents, thewed a perfect prefence of mind, and readiness of invention, and at once fettled that Prince Charles fhould be conducted to old Rafay, who was himself concealed with fome felect friends.— The plan was inftantly communicated to Kingfburgh, who was difpatched to the hill to inform the Wanderer, and carry him refreshments. When Kingfburgh ap proached, he started up, and advanced, holding a large knotted ftick, and in appearance ready to knock him down, till he faid, "I am Macdonald of Kingfburgh, come to ferve your highnets" The Wanderer anfwered, "It is well," and was fatisfied with the plan. Flora Macdonald dined with-lady Margaret, at whofe table there fat an officer of the army, ftationed * An Italian opera, a fet of Ruffian, and another of French players, were, imas 1778, maintained at her majefty's expence, at which the fpectators were admit ted gratis. + Flora Macdona kl. here here with a party of foldiers, to watch for prince Charles, in cafe of his flying to the ifle of Sky. She afterwards often laughed in good humour with this gentleman, on her having fo well deceived him. After dinner, Flora Macdonald on horseback, and her fuppofed maid and Kingsburgh, with a fervant carrying fome linen, all on foot, proceeded towards that gentleman's houfe. Upon the road was a fmall rivulet, which they were obliged to crofs. The Wanderer, forgetting his affumed fex, that his clothes might not be wet, held them up a great deal too high. Kingfburgh mentioned this to him, obferving it might make a discovery. He faid, he would be more careful for the future. He was as good as his word; for the next, brook they croffed, he did not hold up his clothes at all, but let them float upon the water. He was very aukward in his female drefs. His fize was fo large, and his ftrides fo great, that fome women whom they met reported that they had feen a very big woman, who looked like a man in woman's clothes, and that perhaps it was (as they expreffed themfelves) the Prince, after whom fo much fearch was making. At Kingburgh he met with a moft cordial reception; feemed gay at fupper, and after it indulged himfelf in a cheerful glafs with his worthy hoft. As he had not had his clothes off for a long time, the comfort of a good bed was highly relished by him, and he flept foundly till next day at one o'clock. The miftrefs of Corrichatachin told me, that in the forenoon the went into her father's room, who was alfo in bed, and fuggefted to him her apprehenfions that a party of the military might come up, and that his gueft and he had better not remain here too long. Her father faid, "Let the poor man repose himself after his fatigues; and as for me, I care not, though they take off this old grey head ten or eleven years fooner than I should die in the courfe of nature." He then wrapped himself in the bed-clothes, and again fell fast asleep. On the afternoon of that day, the Wanderer, ftill in the fame drefs, fet out for Portree with Flora Macdonald and a man fervant. His fhoes being very bad, Kingburgh provided him with a new pair, and taking up the old ones, faid, “I will faithfully keep them till you are fafely fettled at St. James's.I will then introduce myself, by thaking them at you, to put you in mind of your night's entertainment and protection under my roof."He fmiled, and said, "Be as good as your word!"-Kingsburgh kept the fhoes as long as he lived. After his death, a zealous Jacobite gentleman gave twenty guineas for thèm. Old Mrs. Macdonald, after her gueft had left the house, took the theets in which he had lain, folded them carefully, and charged her daughter that they thould be kept unwashed, and that, when she died. her body thould be wrapped in them as a winding-fheet. Her will was religiously obferved. Upon the road to Portree, Prince Charles changed his dress, and put on man's clothes again; a tartan fhort coat and waistcoat, with philibeg and thort hose, a plaid, and a wig and bonnet. Mr. Donald McDonald, called Donald Roy, had been fent exprefs to the prefent Rafay, then the young |