himself and family, paying his household ex, penses, which are necessarily very great, as a President is required, on account of his position, to give a great many public and private receptions, official dinners, etc; besides, he is expected to give liberally to charitable enterprises, etc. There are scores of wealthy men whose private household and family expenses amount to more than four times that of a President of the United States. The only difference, is that a rich man spends his money willingly and of his own free will, while a President is in a great measure compelled to spend about so much for the dignity of the nation, whether he wishes to or not. Answer.-There are in the State of Illinois 842 cities, towns, and villages. Out of this number 645 were last year no-license places. The exact number voting no-license last spring is not definitely known, but it is estimated by the temperance people at three-fourths of the whole number. Nearly all of the towns hold their elections annually. -WEDDING ANNIVERSARIES. In what way should we celebrate the fortieth anniversary of our parents' wedding? L. M. C. Answer.-First anniversary, iron; fifth, wooden; tenth, tin; fifteenth, crystal; twentieth, china; twenty-fifth, silver; thirtieth, cotton; thirtyfifth, linen; fortieth, woolen; forty-fifth, silk; fiftieth, gold; seventy-fifth, diamond. -FIRST STEAM-ENGINE. LAPORTE CITY, Iowa, July 6, 1880. When was the power of steam first invented, and by whom? What has become of Lieutenant Slemmer, the hero of Fort Pickens at the time the war broke out? O. B. MOON. Answer.-1. The first idea of a steam engine was suggested by the Marquis of Worcester in his "Century of Inventions," as "a way to drive up water by fire," in 1663. It does not, however, appear that the noble inventor could ever interest the public in favor of this great discovery. 2. He died at Fort Laramie, Oct. 7, 1868. 1864.... Annual Total interest-bearing interest Total debt, less cash in debt. charge. Treasury. $31,762,761 $1,869,445 $10,965,953 28,460,958 1,672,767 9,998,621 44.700,838 2,446,670 37,900,191 64,640,838 3,443,687 59,964,402 90,380,873 5,092,630 87,718,660 365,304,826 22,048,509 505.312.752 58. 290,738 3,126,166 53,405,234 707,531,634 41,854,148 1,111,350,737 1,359.930,763 78.853,487 1,709,452,277 1865.. 2,221,311,918 137.742,617 2,674,815,856 1865, Aug. 31. 2,381,530,294 150,977,697 2,756,431,571 1866, July 1.. 2,332,331,207 146,068,196 2,636,036.163 1867. 2,248,067,387 138,892,451 2,508,151,211 1868.. 2,202,088,727 128,459.598 2,480,853,413 1869.. 2,162,060,522 125,523,998 2,432,771,873 1870.. 2,046,455,722 118,784,960/2,331,169,956 1,934,696,750 111,949.330 2,246,994,068 1,814,794,100 103,988,463 2,149,780,530 1.710,483,950 98,049,804 2,105,462,060 1,738,930,750 98,796,004 2,104,149,153 1,722,676.300 96,855,690 2,090,041,170 1,710,685,450 95,104,269 2,060.925,340 1,711,888,500 93,160,643 2,019,275,431 1,794,935,650 94,654,472 1,999,382,280 1,797,643,700 83,773,778 1.996,414,905 1,723,993,100 79,633,981 1,919,326,747 1871. 1872.. 1873.. 1874.. 1875.. 1876.. 1877.. 1878.. 1879.. 1880..... PACIFIC RAILWAY BONDS. DES MOINES, Iowa, July 13, 1880. What amount of money was furnished by the United States for the construction of the Union Pacific Railroad, and upon what terms? Has the road complied with the terms? Does the government pay interest on the bonds issued in the interest of the road? The idea is widespread that the road is now a burden to the government, and now is a good time to let the people know the facts in the case. ONE OF THE PEOPLE. Answer. The following Pacific railways have received bonds from the United States upon which interest is pavable by the six per cent per annum: $64,623,512 $47,589,861.39 $14,299,491.42 From the above table, which we have compiled at considerable labor and research, it will be seen that balance of interest paid by the United States after deducting the amount paid by the companies is $31,380,664.52. The United States has a lien on the road for the repayment of money expended. WASHINGTON TERRITORY. MACON, Neb., July 3, 1880. What portion of Washington Territory is good for agricultural purposes? What is the staple crop? Give what information your space will admit concerning the advantages of that country. D. K. CALKINS. Answer.-The forest trees of the western part of the Territory are unsurpassed in height and beauty, except by the giant redwoods and sequoia of California. The white, red, and yellow pine, the red, black, and yellow fir, and the Oregon cedar grow from 175 to 350 feet in height, and from 8 to 15 feet in diameter. The deciduous trees are principally maple, ash, laurel, and alder. There is less timber in Central and East-ern Washington: but wherever there is sufficient water the plains yield immense crops. In Walla Walla, Whitman, and Stevens Counties large tracts have yielded eighty-five bushels of wheat to the acre, the wheat weighing sixty-two pounds to the bushel. Flax, sugar beets, hops, and fruit of most kinds are raised in large quantities. The nutritious bunch grass is abundant, and most of Central and Eastern Washington is admirably adapted for graizing. In the north the nights are too cool for Indian corn. THADDEUS STEVENS. COAL CREEK, Iowa, July 10, 1880. 1. Please give a biography of Thaddeus Stevens. 2. Upon what does the fame of Joshua R. Giddings chiefly rest? Did he make any great speeches? 3. From where did that wonderful orator, Emery A. Storrs, spring all of a sudden? We never before heard of him. D. C. MOTT. Answer.-1. Thaddeus Stevens was born in Vermont in 1793, graduated at Dartmouth, and moved to Pennsylvania, where he studied law, and was admitted in 1816. After serving five terms in the State Legislature he was elected to ·Congress in 1848, and continued in Congress for seven successive re-elections, and was a member when he died in 1868. In all these Congresses he was a recognized leader. Thoroughly radical in his views, hating slavery with all the intensity of his nature; believing it just, right, and expedient, not only to emancipate, but to arm the negro and make him a soldier, and after the war to make him a citizen, and give him the ballot, he led off in all measures effecting these ends. The emancipation proclamation was urged upon the President by him on all grounds; the fourteenth amendment to the constitution was initiated and pressed by him. He advocated and carried, during the war, acts · of and proposed the *most rigid and stern measures against the Southern people to his last days. 2. In his memorable struggle with Mr. Adams to overthrow the obnoxious "gag law," enacted by Congress to prevent the agitation of the slavery question. He was one of the most distinguished leaders of the anti-slavery moveinent, on which he took a conspicuous part in the debates while a member of Congress. 3. Mr. Storrs is and has 'been for several years one of the leading and most eloquent members of the Chicago bar. confiscation, TAXATION OF NATIONAL BANKS. LONGTON, Kan., July 15, 1880. I wish to know the national banking law as it now stands. What the banks have to pay the government for striking their money, what revenue the government derives from the national banks, and the means of collecting it? GARDNER. Answer. The national banks do not have to pay anything for the printing of their notes. The expenses of the Bureau of the Comptroller of the Currency, together with the cost of printing the notes, are paid out of the taxes on the banks. The total amount of such expenses since the formation of the national banks has been about $5,000,000. The statutes provide that the national banks shall pay to the Treasurer the following taxes: One per cent annually upon the average amount of notes in circulation, and 42 per cent annually upon the average amount of deposits, and upon the average amount of capital stock not invested in United States bonds. The United States taxes paid by the national banks last year was as follows: On oirculation, $3,009,647.16; on deposits, $3,309,668.90: on capital, $401,920.61; total, $6,721,236.67. The aggregate amount of taxes received by the United States by the national banks since the commencement of the system in 1864: On circulation, $42,785,464.51; on deposits, $43,637,925.22; on capital, $6,331,401.34; total, $92.754,791.07. The collection of these taxes is done without expense to the government. The national banks also pay a State and local tax. FORTUNES OF PRESIDENTS. OMAHA, Iowa, July 15, 1880. Can you tell us how much the different Presidents were worth at their death. W. SCOTT. Answer.-Washington left an estate valued at over $800,000; John Adams died moderately well off, leaving about $75,000; Jefferson died so poor that if Congress had not purchased his library at $20,000, he would have been buried a pauper; Madison was frugal, and left about $150,000; Monroe died so poor that he was buried at the expense of his relatives; John Quincy Adams left about $55,000; Jackson died worth about $80,000; Van Buren left some $400,000. It is said he did not draw his salary while in office, but at the expiration of his term of service drew the whole $100,000: Polk left an estate valued at $150,000; Taylor had saved something from his pay while in the army, and died worth $150,000: Tyler married a lady of wealth; Fillmore was always frugal, and added to his savings by marrying a lady of wealth, and was worth about $200,000; Pierce's estate was valued at $50,000; Buchanan left $200,000; Lincoln about $75,000, and Johnson $50,000. THE ASSOCIATED PRESS. CASTALIA, Iowa, July 5, 1880. Will you describe the "Associated Press reports?" How is it sustained? How do they obtain reports? Are they non-partisan? A Democratic neighbor says they are Republican; that the association is a Republican institution. I think not. MORELL CLARK. Answer. It is an association of newspapers in the United States for the collection of news. Its principal centers are New York and Chicago, to which items of news are transmitted, to be there condensed and distributed to the various journals. Besides this there are rival associations which perform a similar work. The Associated Press is strictly non-partisan. In Europe the Baron Reuter has almost a monopoly of this kind of business, but American journals have always opposed the establishment of his system on this continent. BYRON'S PARISINA. BUTLER. MO. July 13, 1880. 1. In Byron's "Parisina," you will remember this: "As err'd the sire, so err'd the son. And thou must puuish both in one; My crime seems worst to human view, But God must judge between us two." In some editions I notice that the last word is spelled "too," in others "two." Which is correct? 2. Was W. H. English's father a slave-trader in Kentucky? and did he ever have any trouble in that State? O. D. AUSTIN. Answer.-It is very evident that either could be used with perfect grammatical propriety and sense, and that each represent different ideas, but the numerial word "two" probably expresses the meaning of the author. It is, however, impossible to say which Byron wrote. We have examined five different complete editions of the Answer.-The internal revenue receipts in 1879 were $113,561,610.58. The total cost of collecting the same was $4,206,830, or 37-10 per cent. 2. John Sherman was author of the bill. It passed the Senate by a vote of-yeas, 32; nays, 14; not voting, 27, on Dec. 22, 1874. The bill was made the special order of the House for Jan. 7, 1875, and resulted in the final passage of the bill-yeas, 136: nays, 98; not voting, 54. The bill was approved by President Grant, Jan. 14. OLEOMARGARINE. Please tell me sometning about oleomargarine, what it is made of, and the process of making. RACHEL. Answer.-It is an artificial butter made from the fat of animals, usually beef cattle. The oleomargarine having been extracted from the suet. is poured into a churn with about an equal quantity of fresh milk and as much water. A little coloring matter is then added, and a little water in which pieces of a cow's udder and milk glands have been soaked, and the whole churned. The mixture yields a sweet, palatable butter, which is salted as usual. As nothing unwholesome is used in the manufacture of this butter, its use in place of real butter is a mere matter of taste. It can be made at from one-fifth to one-third the cost of real butter, and does not readily become rancid. It is being largely manufactured. If the law compelled the manufacturers to label and sell it as oleomargarine it would be all right, but many attempt to pass it off upon customers as real butter, and this is what is raising the trouble, as it is a much cheaper article and should be sold as such. THE MARSHALS' BILL. STATE CENTER, Iowa, July 3, 1880. Do Republicans uphold President Hayes in vetoing that bill which was to do away with marshals and deputy marshals at the ballot-boxes? What reasons had Congress for passing such a bill? C. O. HOLLY. Answer.-They do. The bill was passed by the Democrats, who hoped to limit the power of United States officers at the polls on election days, as such officers are a hindrance and bar to frauds and bulldozing of all sorts, for which the Southern wing of the Democracy is noted. The President regarded it as an encroachment upon the Constitution of the United States, which makes it his duty to protect the polling places against fraud and intimidation. THE BASTILE. Will you please favor some of your readers with the many cells for prisoners. The inmates of this or only man to the Bastile was the lettre de cachet. Among the eminent men confined here were Voltaire, Bassompierre, and the Man in the Iron Mask. The prisoners were left in ignorance of the cause and duration of the punishment, and were completely debarred from intercourse with their friends. The first violent symptom of the French Revolution was the destruction of the Bastile, which the populace took by storm July 14, 1789. They killed the Governor, De Launay, and released the prisoners, who were only seven in number at the time. THE CARP. LONGMONT, Boulder County, July 12, 1880. Can you tell anything in regard to the requirements of the German carp? How long a time will they do well in same pond without addition of fresh water? What is the average growth per year-say weight at We have in this county a good many two years? small ponds filled by the irrigating ditches from February till November; balance of year no water to run in on account of freezing of ditches. INQUIRER. Answer.-Although a native of Europe and Asia, it is found in lakes and rivers in countries in which it is not indigenous. It prefers still waters, and feeds on aquatic plants, worms, insects, etc. We are unable to say whether you can make it live in your ponds or not; are rather inclined to think you could, if they are not too small. Its length in some cases is two feet or more, but it is generally less than a foot long. It is very tenacious of life, and is said to attain the age of 200 years. The flesh of the carp is highly esteemed as food, but it is not a very valuable fish to the angler, because it does not bite freely. It is remarkable for its fecundity, and 700,000 eggs have been found in a carp of moderate size. The gold-fish is a species of carp. NEW YORK FRAUDS. CHICAGO, Ill., July 18, 1880. Answer.-Probably not, but it has been lately hown that in 1868 Judges McCunn and Barnard, in the city of New York issued, we do not know the number in each ward, but an aggregate of 64,000 illegal naturalization papers. It was done for the purpose of "influencing" the Presidential election of that year. ROBIN HOOD. FRIEND, Saline Co., Neb., July 9, 1880. Can you give a sketch of Robin Hood, and why is What relation Little John so frequently attached? GEORGE GIBSON. was he to Robin? Answer.-Robin Hood, the hero of a great number of the most popular among the old English ballads, was an outlaw and a robber, who lived in the beginning of the fourteenth century in the depths of Sherwood Forest, England, with a company of similar fellows-some say 100and among them 'Little John and Friar Tuck, not to forget Maid Marian. Although a robber by profession, he had some gallant and magnanimous qualities, which won for him not only but the affection the admiration Answer.-It was a state prison or citadel, built at Paris by Charles V., about 1370. Additions were made to it by several successive kings, and it was surrounded by a wide ditch. Among its prominent features were eight large, round towers five stories high, having walls twelve feet thick or more. In these towers were of the lower classes. He was the best archer even in the world, his arrow never missing his aim. He was brave; a fight with four knights and a victory over two was a small matter to him. He was not cruel, and he never killed people when it was not necessary. He was jovial and goodhearted, and what he stole from the rich he often gave to the poor. Nevertheless, had he been nothing but a simple robber, he would never have attained that romantic glory which attached very early to his name. It is probable, therefore, that he was driven into this kind of life by some political misfortune, which naturally made him the knight of the lower classes. Mr. Hunter gives it as his opinion that he was one of those yeomen, who, under Edward II., joined the re 1 bellion of the Earl of Lancaster, but failed and were ruined. was who was? Were there any other massacres or assas sinations in his department. Give a history of them. M.C. Answer.-Forty-three Republican members of the State Constitutional Convention sent a petition to Congress, asking for Hancock's removal from the military command of Louisiana, but no massacre occurred in this or any other convention. The Hancock administration was marked by the return to power of ex-rebels in Louisana and Texas, and in the latter State it was officially reported that the homicides averaged fifty-five per month. THE SILVER BILL. LIBERTYVILLE, Iowa, July 9, 1880. Will you give the vote in Congress on remonetizing silver, and on the bill making the standard dollar? What proportion of Republicans voted for it, aud what Democrats? ICHABOD WARNER. Answer.-The bill referred to above was passed Feb. 28, 1878, over the President's veto. The vote on the bill on its final passage stood: In the House, 196 to 78; voting yea, Republicans, 78; Democrats, 118. Of those voting nay, 51 were Republicans and 22 Democrats. In the Senate, 21 Republicans voted for it and 25 Democrats; 10 Republicans voted against the bill, and 9 for it. ELECTORAL VOTE OF STATES. STEELE'S MILLS, Ill., July 14, 1880. How many electoral votes are there in each State? HERBERT STEELE. Answer.applied to by The Answer.-About 1850, just before the dissolution of the Whig party, it became divided into two factions, the one composed of the younger element of the party, the other by the older, under the lead of Mr. Fillmore, Mr. Granger, and others. This latter, being composed of elderly men. was called "The Silver Grays." The "Wooly Heads" was the name the former faction, and headed Mr. Seward, Thurlow Weed, and others. "Hunkers" were a political organization confined to the State of New York in 1847, and were an off-shoot of the Democratic party, and favored Mr. Cass for the Presidency. The "Barn-burners" were the other faction who opposed the extension of slavery, and favored the election of Van Buren. The Unionist was the party which held its convention in 1860 at Baltimore, and put in nomination Bell and Everett. HOUSE ELECTING THE PRESIDENT. MILK'S GROVE, Ill., July 12, 1880. Following the November election, when the electoral count has been sent in. has Congress the constitutional power to cast one party's vote in combination with another to defeat a third?-i. e., can the Republican electors be turned over to Greenback count to defeat the Democrats, or vice versa? J. C. STOCKTON. on Answer. "The person having the greatest number of electoral votes for President shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers, not exceeding three the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But, in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation of each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary for a choice." The above is from the Constitution of the United States. It will thus be seem that the Greenback members can vote with either the Democrats or Republicans in carrying a State. POLITICAL MURDERS IN TEXAS. MASON CITY. Ill., July 3, 1880. Was Hancock military commander at New Orleans at the time of the massacre of the convention? If not, Illinois........ 21 Colorado...... Kansas........ 5 Delaware 3 Florida... Massachusetts 13 Alabama.. 5 Georgia.. 25 Kentucky... 4 Louisiana. Vermont..... 5 Maryland. Wisconsin.... 10 Mississippi.. California.... 6 Missouri. VOTE FOR LINCOLN AND GRANT. HOODVILLE, Ill., July 13, 1880. Give the electoral vote that elected A. Lincoln: also popular vote, and same at time of Grant's first election. SUBSCRIBER. Answer.-In 1860 the popular Presidential vote stood: Lincoln (Rep.), 1,866,352; Douglas (Ind. Dem.), 1.375,157; J. C. Breckinridge (Dem.), 847,514; John Bell (Constitutional Union), 587,830. The electoral vote stood: Lincoln, 180; Breckinridge, 72; Bell, 39; Douglas, 12. General Grant received 3,015,071 votes on his first election, which was a majority of 305,458 over Seymour. Of the electoral votes he received 214. UNITED STATES FLAG. HOPEVILLE, Iowa, July 9, 1880. Please give the size and proportion of a United States flag, and size of stripes and field: B. RIZEL. Answer.-The United States flag has thirteen stripes, and one star for every State in the Union. Each stripe should be half as many inches wide as flag is feet long. The union or field should be one-third the length of the flag, and covering seven stripes in width. The infantry company flag is 6x612 feet. RESUMPTION. COLLINSVILLE, Texas, July 13, 1880. Is it the intention of the Republican party to redeem with coin the outstanding greenbacks. and, if so, will they be burned, or reissued and become a permanent part of our circulating medium? H. WELLS. Answer.-The government will redeem any of its outstanding greenback notes if presented for the same. Such notes, unless torn and worn out, are paid out again by the government. SOLDIERS' REUNION AT COLUMBUS. ARAGO, Neb., July 2, 1880. 1. Has Congress so amended the homestead law as to allow persons one year's time after date of filing their claims to settle thereon and commence improvements? 2. When does the soldiers' reunion take place at Columbus, Ohio? 3. Do you think it likely that railroads will sell round-trip tickets at reduced rates from Missouri River points? H. H. BRUNSTETER. Answer.--1. Yes. 2. The reunion of the exsoldiers and sailors of Ohio and adjoining States will be held at Columbus Aug. 10, 11, and 12, under the auspices of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Association of Franklin County. 3, The committee report that reduced Jates will be made on all railroads leading into the city, and on all connecting lines, and special excursion trains will be run by all of the roads upon application of parties desiring such accommodations. WILL WHEAT TURN TO CHEAT? TULLAHOMA, Tenn., July 14, 1880. "Will wheat turn to cheat?" is being much agitated at present. N. G. PRATHER. Answer.-Chess or cheat is a troublesome plant which often affects wheat-fields. Many farmers erroneously believe that wheat turns into cheat, which, of course, is not the case, STORMS FOLLOWING RIVERS. HAMILTON, Mo., July 9, 1880. In a dry season what is the reason it will rain on the creek when it will rain nowhere else? JAMES TATTERSHALL. Answer.-It is a noticeable fact that rainstorms have a tendency to follow the course of a river. The explanation is that it is on account of there being more moisture there than anywhere else, and this moisture forms a nucleus about which the other moisture of the air forms. PAYING FOR SLAVES. CHICAGO, Ill., July 16, 1880. A Democratic friend of mine insists on it that the owners of slaves in some of the so-called Confederate States received compensation for loss of said slaves by reason of the late war, and paid by the General Government. READER. Answer.-The only slaves for which the government ever allowed compensation was in the District of Columbia. V. It was unjust confined to one class of people. to the old States of the Union in many respects, as there was no good reason why old States should offer premiums to their own citizens to emigrate from them to the West, as the offer of free farms would probably have a powerful effect in encouraging emigration, and could not fail to reduce the price of property within the limits of the older States. VI. The bill would open one vast field for speculation. VII. The most perfect equality should be maintained between native and naturalized citizens, which it was claimed the bill did not do. VIII. It created an unjust distinction between persons claiming the benefit of the pre-emption laws. IX. The effect would be, Buchanan reasoned, to render illusory the expectation of future revenue from the sale of public lands, beyond the expenses of survey and management. 2. In August, 1854, Buchanan, Mason, and Soule, United States Ministers at London, Paris, and Madrid, respectively, held a conference at Ostend and Aix-la-Chapelle, and drew up a document in which they argued that Cuba ought to belong to the United States, that Spain would find the sale highly advantageous, and that in certain contingencies, such as the emancipation of the slaves by the Spanish Government, the United States ought to possees themseives of the island by force. In the United States Senate, in the session of 1858-9, Slidell, of Louisiana, introduced a bill to place $30,000,000 in the hands of the President (Buchanan), with a view to the acquisition of the island, but after debate the proposition was withdrawn by its author. 3. We have several times answered this question, but we give a few figures to show what States sent more troops to the front than the State of Missouri, and where it stands in the list: New York.. Pennsvlvania... Ohio... 467,047 .366,107 ..319,659 .259,147 Indiana. 197,174 SOLDIERS BY STATES. COTTONVILLE, Iowa, July 2, 1880. 1. Did President Buchanan veto the homestead bill? If so, what was his reason for so doing? 2. Did he also, in an annual message, recommend Congress to purchase Cuba in order to extend slavery? 3. Please give the number of Union soldiers furnished by each State during the late rebellion? Democratic journals say that the Democratic State of Missouri furnished more Union soldiers than any three or four Republican States. THOMAS CAHILL. Answer.-1. The opposition to the homestead bill of President Buchanan's administration was confined to the South. Buchanan vetoed it, and said in his veto message that his reasons were: I. The bill did not make an actual donation, but the price of land was so small that it could scarcely be called a sale, and this, he held, raised the question whether Congress, under the Constitution, had the power to give away public lands, either to States or individuals. II. It would prove unequal and unjust among the settlers themselves. III. The bill would do great injustice to the old soldiers who had received land warrants for their services in fighting the battles of their country. IV. The bill would prove unequal and unjust in its operations, because.from its nature,it was CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIANS-REFORMED EPIS COPALIANS. MAQUOKETA, Iowa, July 13, 1880. 1. What is the history, what the strength, and what are the doctrines of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church? 2. Is there a church of that denomination in Chicago? If so, what is its strength, where is it situated. and who is its pastor? 3. What are the nature and extent of the Bishop Gregg defection from the Reformed Episcopal Church? QUIZ. Answer.-1. The Cumberland Presbyterians are a denomination of Christians who took their rise during the religious revival in Kentucky and Tennessee in 1801-3. There was much excitement at that time, and vast numbers from all parts of the country went to the campmeetings, so that it was found to be impossible to supply the demand for ministers. Laymen were therefore appointed to preach by the Presbytery of Transylvania. They were refused ordination, and their reception was strenuously opposed by some of the clergy. A Presbytery, formed in 1803 in the Southern part of the State was named the Cumberland Presbytery, and this body later received and granted ordination to applicants, also taking on trial as licentiates others who were possessed of like qualifications. The Synod of Kentucky reviewed |