Tax-exempt Status of Private Schools: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Oversight of the Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives, Ninety-sixth Congress, First Session ....U.S. Government Printing Office, 1979 - 1366 страници |
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Academy action administrative admissions policy affirmative application black students Board Bob Jones Bob Jones University Chairman charitable Christian Schools church Civil Rights Act Commissioner KURTZ committee Congress Connally constitutional County decision deduction defendant denied desegregation order determination District Court enforcement expanded F.Supp fact Federal courts FEDERAL SUPPLEMENT FORD Fourteenth Amendment GIBBONS GRADISON granted Green independent schools institutions Internal Revenue Code Internal Revenue Service issue legislative litigation MCCRARY ment minority enrollment Negro Norwood operated organization percent plaintiff private schools programs proposed revenue procedure public school desegregation purposes question racial discrimination racially discriminatory racially nondiscriminatory policy racially segregated regulations religion religious schools reviewable school Revised Guidelines rule S.Ct school district school system segregated private schools segregation academies statement substantial Supp supra Supreme Court tax benefits tax exempt status textbooks Thirteenth Amendment tion U.S. Supreme Court United violation WOLFMAN
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Страница 61 - To separate them from others of similar age and qualifications solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be undone.
Страница 62 - We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of "separate but equal" has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.
Страница 72 - ... Corporations, and any community chest, fund, or foundation, organized and operated exclusively for religious, charitable, scientific, testing for public safety, literary, or educational purposes, or for the prevention of cruelty to children or animals, no part of the net earnings of which inures to the benefit of any private shareholder or individual, no substantial part of the activities of which is carrying on propaganda, or otherwise attempting, to influence legislation, and which does not...
Страница 109 - All persons within the jurisdiction of the United States shall have the same right in every State and Territory to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, give evidence, and to the full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of persons and property as is enjoyed by white citizens, and shall be subject to like punishment, pains, penalties, taxes, licenses, and exactions of every kind, and to no other.
Страница 60 - Court relied in large part on "those qualities which are incapable of objective measurement but which make for greatness in a law school.
Страница 141 - That all persons born in the United States and not subject to any foreign power, excluding Indians not taxed, are hereby declared to be citizens of the United States...
Страница 60 - We must consider public education in the light of its full development and its present place in American life throughout the Nation. Only in this way can it be determined if segregation in public schools deprives these plaintiffs of the equal protection of the laws. Today, education is perhaps the most important function of state and local governments.
Страница 53 - Court. These cases come to us from the States of Kansas, South Carolina, Virginia, and Delaware. They are premised on different facts and different local conditions, but a common legal question justifies their consideration together in this consolidated opinion. In each of the cases, minors of the Negro race, through their legal representatives, seek the aid of the courts in obtaining admission to the public schools of their community on a nonsegregated basis. In each instance, they...
Страница 141 - That law, as re-enacted, after declaring that all persons within the jurisdiction of the United States shall have the same right in every State and Territory to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, give evidence, and to the full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of persons and property as is enjoyed by white citizens, and shall be subject to like punishment, pains, penalties, taxes, licenses and exactions of every kind, and none other, any law, statute, ordinance,...
Страница 141 - States, to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, and give evidence, to inherit, purchase, lease, sell, hold, and convey real and personal property...