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lies, and liturgy, but frequently has their very words, even where the sentiment would suffer no alteration from a change of language. The 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th and 14th articles of the Church of England, on the grand subjects of dispute between the Reformers and the Papists, contain the substance of his sentiments in a very condensed form. The statement of his opinion on Predestination we shall quote, that our readers may compare it with the 17th article.

In the ninth, tenth, and eleventh chapters, (of St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans) he treateth of God's predestination, whence it springeth altogether, whether we shall believe or not believe, be loosed from sin, or not be loosed. By which predestination our justifying and salvation, are clean taken out of our hands, and put in the hands of God only, which thing is most necessary of all. For we are so weak and so uncertain, that if it stood in us, there would of a truth no man be saved, the devil no doubt would deceive us. But now is God sure, that his predestination cannot deceive him, neither can any man withstand or let him, and therefore have we hope and trust against sin.

But here must a mark be set unto those unquiet, busy, and high climbing spirits, how far they shall go; which first of all bring hither their high reasons and pregnant wits, and begin first from on high to search the bottomless secrets of God's predestination, whether they be predestinate or not. These must needs either cast themselves down headlong into desperation, or else commit themselves to free chance careless. But follow thou the order of this epistle, and noosel thyself with Christ, and learn to understand what the law and the Gospel mean, and the office of both the two, that thou mayst in the one know thyself, and how that thou hast of thyself no strength but to sin, and in the other the grace of Christ, and then see thou fight against sin and the flesh, as the seven first chapters teach thee. After that when thou art come to the eighth chapter, and art under the cross and suffering of tribulation, the necessity of predestination will wax sweet, and thou shalt well feel how precious a thing it is. For except thou have borne the cross of adversity and temptation, and hast felt thyself brought unto the very brim of desperation, yea and unto hell gates, thou canst never meddle with the sentence of predestination, without thine own harm, and without secret wrath and grudging inwardly against God, for otherwise it shall not be possible for thee to think that God is righteous and just. Therefore must Adam be well mortified, and the fleshly wit brought utterly to nought, ere that thou mayest away with this thing, and drink so strong wine. Take heed therefore unto thyself, that thou drink not wine, while thou art yet but a suckling. For every learning hath ber time, measure, and age, and in Christ is there a certain childhood, in which a man must be content with milk for a season, until he wax strong and grow up, unto a perfect man in Christ, and be able to eat of more strong meat.' pp. 66, 67.

The characteristic excellences of Tindal are perspicuity of expression, familiar apposite illustration, and, what never long forsakes him even in the most abstruse subjects, copiousness of practical application.

(To be concluded in the next Number.)

Art. VIII. A Reply to a Letter, addressed to "John Scott Waring, Esq." in Refutation of the illiberal and unjust Observations and Strictures of the anonymous Writer of that Letter. By Major Scott Waring. 8vo. pp. 150. Ridgway. 1808.

Art. IX. The Dangers of British India, from French Invasion and Missionary Establishments. To which are added some Account of the Countries between the Caspian Sea and the Ganges; a Narrative of the Revolutions which they have experienced subsequent to the Expedition of Alexander the Great; and a few Hints respecting the Defence of the British Frontiers in Hindostan. By a late Resident at Bhagulpore. 8vo. pp. 153. Black, Parry, and Kingsbury. 1808. Art. X. An Apology for the late Christian Missions to India: Part the Secondl. Containing Remarks on Major Scott Waring's Letter to the Rev. Mr. Owen; and on a "Vindication of the Hindoos" by a "Bengal Officer." By Andrew Fuller, Secretary to the Baptist Missionary Society. 8vo. pp. 130. Price 2s. 6d. Burditt, Button, Williams and Co. Black and Co. 1808.

Art. XI. An Apology for the late Christian Missions to India Part the Third. Containing Strictures on Major Scott Waring's Third Pamphlet, on a Letter to the President of the Board of Controul; and on the Propriety of confining Missionary Undertakings to the Established - Church, in Answer to Dr. Barrow; with an Appendix, attesting the Veracity of the Missionaries. By Andrew Fuller, Secretary to the Baptist Missionary Society. 8vo. pp. 86. Price 2s. 6d. Burditt, &c.

1808.

A CLASS of saints in India, and it is the most sanctified class, commands the admiration of the natives, and excites the ridicule of foreigners, by the exhibition of limbs distorted and stiffened by a voluntary penance to please the gods. It must be amusing enough to the profane, to see the solemn gravity of countenance with which the yogi or fakeer comes along with his arms raised and crossed over his head for life, or with one arm sent bolt upright from the shoulder, never again to interfere in the concerns of its owner, and never to come in contact with his person, unless mischance or malice should happen to snap down the withered stick. It must be curious to consider, that while other men's limbs will perform an infinite number of optional movements, his will remain faithful to their religious" crook or poker fashion, and will be found cutting the air in just the same fi• gure, if the public should be favoured with the sight of them twenty years hence. Something analogous to this appears to have taken place in the mental faculties of our worthy acquaintance, Major Scott Waring. When in the preface to his "Observations" he first set himself forth in a disgusting posture, we could have no idea that he was, to the exactest nicety, to stiffen in that very predicament; from the evident

aversion to Christianity, we might indeed have expected performances not less true in their general spirit to paganism than the first; but it could not be foreseen that from the moment of finishing that first, the writer's mind should become incapable of altering; thenceforth, the action of its faculties, even in the smallest perceptible degree, and that, as a true intellectual fakeer, it should be cramped into one precise specific mode of inviolable deformity. Such however seems to be the case; two large pamphlets have quickly succeeded the first, and the three taken together form such an instance of hopeless iteration, of absolute dead sameness, as the English public never saw before; and it will happen contrary to all present probability, if this most unfortunate man do not continue to the very last day of his life repeating incessantly, without the chance of any variation, even of phrase, that the missionaries are mad Calvinistic sectaries, that the Indians never can bé converted, that it is madness to think of it, that there has never been one good couvert, &c. &c. &c.

It is certainly a hapless condition to have the mind thus set and shrivelled into one unalterable and degrading position of its faculties; but if we regret to see the spectacle, it is not on account of Christianity, as the object of the fixed enuity of such a mind; for no mode of hostility can be more innoxious than the pure insensate reiteration, without the possibility of a di versification or novelty, of a few false or futile propositions. Not, however, that the Christian religion could have had any thing to fear from the slender talents of our fakeer, even if this fatal arrest had not annihilated their free agency, by crook ing and clinching them into this one peculiar cramp of impiety.

In making a very few remarks on the assertions repeated in bur author's second and third pamphlets, it is not of the smallest consequence which of these assertions is noticed first. It is said over agam, a countless number of times, that the increase of missionaries, bibles, and tracts, had been represented to the mutinous troops at Vellore, and had greatly contributed to rouse their apprehensions that the Government intended to force them into Christianity. Now whether he did or did not receive this account from "gentlemen in India," we can imagine his anger and vexation on finding it proved an utter falsehood, in a recent and decisive publication*, attributed to a person of the very highest authority, who has informed the public, that in a very long and minute examination of a great number of the surviving sepoys, before a Commission of Inquiry at Madras, none of those troops, in assigning the causes of

Considerations on the Practicability, Policy and Obligation of communicating to the natives of India the knowledge of Christianity.

their anger and tumult, made any mention of missionaries or Christian books, which beyond all question they would eagerly have done in extenuation of their conduct, if that conduct had in any degree whatever been prompted by such a cause. For the truth of this statement, he appeals to the official Reports of that Commission, now deposited in the India House. It will take some considerable time, for the unfortunate Major to collect himself up from the splinters and fragments into which he is dashed by this demolishing blow.

A very favourite sentence in all the three pamphlets, and which is repeated beyond the patience of enumeration, is that unless the missionaries are recalled, or at least all their Christian operations suppressed, our Indian empire will be terminated within twelve months, by a general insurrection of the people. Now the only English missionaries who have as yet been able to make any very active exertions, are those in Bengal; and this same man says that these missionaries have been confined to a very narrow scope, and have produced but a slight effect of any kind on the minds of the people.

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He incessantly cites the expression of one of the missionaries, Mr. Marshman, that the appearance of one of them in a bigoted city would create universal alarm," and asks how there can be any safety for our empire and people if such men are permitted to remain. It is to be regretted that Mr. Marshman had not used a more precise term, or added some explanation, in speaking of the sensation caused in the popular mind by the appearance of the missionaries; but if he has used a term of a signification too little defined for so important a subject, is it not the last excess of absurdity for a man in England to assume to interpret this term by any other rule than that supplied by this missionary himself and his associates? Is it not a stupidity beyond example to talk and rant in a way which assumes that the missionary, in this single expression, must mean some other kind or degree of alarm than that which he and the others describe and illustrate, with so much simplicity, diversity, and particularity of narrative, in the substance of their communications? Does this man imagine that, in writing the expression in question, Mr. Marshman was betrayed for once into the acknowledgement of some quite different kind of alarm, which had been so carefully concealed, that not a hint of it had been suffered to transpire in the numerous letters and journals, till this unlucky sentence revealed the secret? Verily it was most marvellous, that after Mr. Marshman and his associates had with unequalled care and collusion kept this alarm a profound secret for a number of years, this identical and discreet Mr. Marshman should deliberately sit down to declare it in a paper which he had no

doubt would be printed in Europe. Or say that this dire secret was communicated in confidence to Mr. Fuller, the secretary of the Baptist Missionary Society (for the letter was addressed to him) and that it was through his simplicity that it was betrayed in England. No, no, it had been much more for the ease of the Major's galled feelings that Mr. Fuller had been a man simple enough to have been capable of falling, in such a case, into such an error. But it is quite ludicrous to see this unlucky phrase of Mr. Marshman reverted to so many score of times, with such an air of significance and solemnity, as if it had let out some portentous discovery, and as if this one solitary expression contained the sole and entire information to be found in all the ample statements of the missionaries, respecting the manner in which they are regarded and received by the natives. The kind of alarm to which Mr. Marshman referred, is illustrated through every sheet of the Periodical Accounts; every reader is competent from those documents to judge of its nature, extent, and probable result; and every reader whose glimmering of sense has not been extinguished in prejudice and irreligion, can see that an alarm which never excites the people to any thing more than occasional expressions of abuse, which never asks the missionary whether he is not commissioned by his government, nor ever expresses to him a suspicion that he is so, and which permits the unprotected itinerant to return with impunity and without the smallest apprehension, to the same place, and on the same errand, as often as he pleases, may fairly be allowed at least a few centu ries to grow into a desperation and a compact which shall threaten the safety of the English and their empire.

At the suggestion of the writer of the anonymous letter to which this third pamphlet is a reply, the Major has furnished himself with the Statement of the Baptist Missionary Society, which, by giving him a few facts not previously known to him, has for a few moments a little relieved him from the distress and durance of desperate sameness, and thrown one very transient gleam of something like novelty, over a wide tract of incomparably dull and stagnant composition. He charges the missionaries with having gone illegally to India, with violating the law of the country in itinerating without passports, and of having been "in open rebellion" at the time when two new missionaries, arriving at Calcutta, and being commanded by an order of council to return to Europe, pleaded the protection of the Danish Government at Serampore, where they had joined their brethren previously to the passing of this order. But little needs be said on any of these particulars. If, in 1793, Messrs. Carey and Thomas found the government so adverse to permit any attempt toward Christiani

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