tees on Public Lands and Roads and Canals. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Ways and Means, Mines and Mining, and Expenses in the Interior Department. Reelected to the Fortieth Congress.

Alsop, John.-He was a Delegate from New York to the Continental Congress, from 1774 to 1776.

Alston, Lemuel J.-He was a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1807 to 1811.

Alston, William J.-He was born in Georgia, and removing to Alabama, was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1851, and was a member of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads.

Alston, Willis. - Born in Halifax County, North Carolina. He appeared in public life as early as 1794, serving in the State Legislature for several years, and was a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1799 to 1803. Died, April 10, 1837.

Alston, Willis, Jr.-Born in North Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1803 to 1815, and from 1825 to 1831. During the war of 1812 he was Chairman of the Committee of Ways and Means.

Alvord, James C.-He was a native of Massachusetts; received a liberal education; adopted the profession of law; served one term in each branch of the State Legislature; and was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Twenty-sixth Congress, but died before taking his seat, in the latter part of 1839.

Ames, Fisher.-He was born in Dedham, Massachusetts, April 9, 1758; graduated at Harvard University in 1774; studied law in Boston, and commenced the practice of it in his native town. He distinguished himself as a member of the Massachusetts Convention for ratifying the Constitution in 1788; from that body he passed into the State Legislature; and was soon afterwards elected a Representative in Congress, where he served from 1789 to 1797, and gained great reputation for his eloquence and exalted patriotism. He was devotedly attached to Washington, and was the author of the "Address" from the House of Representatives to the President prior to his retirement from office. After leaving Congress, he devoted himself for a few years to the practice of his profession; but, giving that up, he devoted himself exclusively to farming. He was elected President of Harvard University in 1804, but declined the honor, and received from that institution

the degree of LL.D. He wrote much for the papers on the public affairs of America, England, and France, and both as a writer and orator he attained a very prominent position, and exerted an extensive influence. He died in Dedham, July 4, 1808; in 1809 a collection of his writings and his life were published by Rev. Dr. Kirkham; and in 1854 a more complete edition was issued, edited by his son.

Ames, Oakes.-He was born in Easton, Bristol County, Massachusetts, January 10, 1804; has ever been a manufacturer by profession; was a member, for two years, of the Executive Council of the State, and in 1862 he was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims and Manufactures. Re-elected to the Thirtyninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Pacific Railroad and Manufactures; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866; and re-elected to the Fortieth Congress.

Ancona, Sydenham E.-He was born in Warwick, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, November 20, 1824, and, removing to Berks County, was for several years connected with the Reading Railroad Company. He was elected in 1860 a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on the Militia and on Manufactures. In 1862 he was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as a member of the Committees on Manufactures and on the Militia. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Military Affairs; and he was one of the Representatives designated by the House to attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866. In March, 1867, he was appointed by President Johnson Navy Agent at Philadelphia, but was not confirmed by the Senate.

Anderson, Alexander.-He was a Senator in Congress, from the Knoxville District, Tennessee, during the years 1840 and 1841, a part of a term, and served as a member of the Committee on the Militia.

Anderson, George W.-Born in Jefferson County, Tennessee, May 22, 1832; received a liberal education; adopted the profession of law; settled in Missouri in 1853; in 1854 became the editor of the "North East Missourian" newspaper; was elected, in 1858, to the State Legislature, after a previous defeat; in 1862 he was chosen a State Senator, remaining in that capacity until 1865, when he resigned, having been elected a Representative from Missouri to the Thirtyninth Congress, serving on the Commit

tee on Public Lands, and as Chairman of the Committee on Mileage. Early in 1861 he organized a Home Guard, and was chosen Colonel thereof, and was subsequently commissioned a Colonel of Militia, and had command of the Forty-ninth Regiment of his State. He was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866, and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress.

Anderson, Hugh J.-Born in 1801, in Maine, and was Clerk of the Waldo County Courts from 1827 to 1837, and a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1837 to 1841, and a member of the Committee on Naval Affairs. He was a lawyer by profession; Governor of Maine from 1844 to 1847; a Presidential Elector in 1849; and Commissioner of Customs in Washington, from 1853 to 1858. In October, 1866, he was appointed by President Johnson Sixth Auditor of the Treasury.

Anderson, Isaac.-He was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1803 to 1807.

Anderson, John.-He was born in Cumberland, Maine; was a graduate of Bowdoin College in 1813; studied law and admitted to the bar in 1816; a member of the Maine Senate in 1824, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from Cumberland County, Maine, from 1825 to 1833, serving as a member of the Committees on Elections and Naval Affairs. He was also Mayor of Portland in 1833 and 1842; United States District Attorney from 1833 to 1837; and Collector of Customs at Portland from 1837 to 1841, and from 1843 to 1848. He died August 21, 1853, aged sixty-one years.

Anderson, Joseph.-He was born near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, November 5, 1757; enjoyed what was called at the time a good education; studied law; was appointed an Ensign in the New Jersey line in 1775; was promoted to an Adjutancy; as a Captain fought at the battle of Monmouth; he also went, in 1779, with Sullivan against the Six Nations; in 1780 he was at Valley Forge; in 1781 at the siege of York; and after the war he retired with the rank of Brevet Major. He practised law in Delaware for seven years. In 1791 was appointed by Washington Judge of the territory south of the Ohio River; remained in that position until the first Constitution of Tennessee was formed, which he aided in forming in convention; and he was an influential member of the United States Senate, from Tennessee, from 1797 to 1815, serving at all times upon important committees, and acting on two occasions as President pro tempore of the Senate. He was appointed, in 1815, First Comptroller of the Treasury, where he remained

Anderson, J. P.-He was born in Tennessee, and was elected a Delegate to the Thirty-fourth Congress from the Territory of Washington.

Anderson, Lucien.-Was born in Mayfield, Kentucky, in June, 1824; received a good English education; adopted the profession of the law; was a Presidential Elector in 1852; and served for two terms as a member of the Kentucky Legislature. In 1863 he was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on the District of Columbia. During the month of November, 1863, he was taken prisoner by a party of "Confederates," and retained in custody until just before the meeting of Congress, when he was exchanged. He was a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention of 1864, a Presidential Elector in 1853, and a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866.

Anderson, Richard C., Jr.-Born in Jefferson County, Kentucky; was elected a Representative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1817 to 1821, and was Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands during the Sixteenth Congress. In 1823 he was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Colombia, and in 1827 Envoy Extraordinary to Panama; but died November 6, 1826.

Anderson, Samuel.-Born in 1774. in Pennsylvania. He served repeatedly in the Legislature of that State; was Speaker of its House during two sessions; and elected a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1827 to 1839, and was a member of the Committee on the Boundary Line of Missouri. He died in Chester, Pennsylvania, January 17, 1850.

Anderson, Simeon H.-Born in Garrard County, Kentucky, March 2, 1832; studied law and practised with success; served frequently in the Kentucky Legislature; was elected a Representative in

Congress from the Fifth Congressional District of Kentucky, from 1839 to 1841, and served as a member of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. He died at his residence near Lancaster, Kentucky, August 11, 1840, before the expiration of his term of service. He had the reputation of being a remarkably industrious, useful, and amiable man.

Anderson, Thos. L.-Born in Greene County, Kentucky, December 8, 1808. He was self-educated, and removed to Missouri in 1830, where he commenced the practice of law at twenty-one years of age. He was elected to the Legislature of that State in 1840; was a Presidential Elector in 1844, 1848, 1852, and 1856; and a member of the Convention for remodelling the State Constitution in 1845, and was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Invalid Pensions. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims.

Anderson, William.-Born in Chester County, Pennsylvania, in 1763, and served throughout the Revolutionary War with credit, taking a prominent part at the siege of Yorktown. After the war he returned to Delaware County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1809 to 1815, and from 1817 to 1819. He was afterwards a Judge of Deleware County Court, and a Custom-house officer at Chester, in that county, where he died, December 13, 1829.

Anderson, William C.- Born in Lancaster, Garrard County, Kentucky, December 6, 1826; educated at the College of Danville; adopted the profession of law; served in the Kentucky Legislature in 1851 and 1853; was a Presidential Elector in 1856; and in 1859 was elected a Representative, from Kentucky, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on the District of Columbia. Died at Frankfort, Kentucky, December 23, 1861.

Andrews, Charles.-Born in Paris, Maine, in 1814; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1837; was Clerk of the County Court of Oxford County; was a member of the State Legislature from 1839 to 1843, a portion of the time Speaker of the House; and a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1851 to the time of his death, which occurred in Paris Hill, Maine, April 30, 1852.

Andrews, George R.-He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from the Fourteenth Congressional District in that State, from 1849 to 1851, and was a member of the Committee on Elections.

Andrews, John T.-He was born in New York, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839, serving as a member of the Committee on Expenditures in the State Department.

Andrews, Landaff W.-Born in Fleming County, Kentucky, February 12, 1803; graduated at Transylvania University in 1824; and commenced the practice of law in 1826, in which profession he has since been actively engaged. He was a member of the Kentucky Legislature in 1834, and in 1838 was elected a Representative in Congress, serving from 1839 to 1843, and acted on the Committees on Kevolutionary Pensions and Accounts. He was also a member of the Kentucky Senate.

Andrews, Samuel G.-He was born in Derby, New Haven County, Connecticut, October 16, 1799; received an academical education, and removed with his father to Rochester, New York, in 1816. He was occupied chiefly in mercantile and manufacturing pursuits; was for several years Mayor of Rochester; was a member of the New York Legislature in 1831 and 1832, from Monroe County, New York; Clerk of the Monroe County Court; Secretary of the State Senate of New York for four years; Clerk of the Court of Dernier Resort for four years; and was Postmaster of Rochester. He was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirtyfifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Roads and Canals. Died in Rochester, New York, in 1863.

Andrews, Sherlock J.- Born in Wallingford, Connecticut, in 1801; graduated at Union College, settled in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1825, and practised law; was Judge of the Superior Court of that State, and elected a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1841 to 1843, and was a member of the Committee on Commerce.

Angel, William G.-He was a native of Newshoreham, Rhode Island; was elected a Representative in Congress, from Burlington, Otsego County, New York, from 1825 to 1827, and again from 1829 to 1833, and was a member of the Committees on Indian Affairs and on Territories.

Anthony, Henry B.-He was born in Coventry, Rhode Island, April 1, 1815, of Quaker ancestry; graduated at Brown University in 1833, and in 1838 he assumed the editorial charge of the "Providence Journal," which he retained until called to a seat in the United States Senate. He was elected Governor of Rhode Island in 1849, re-elected in 1850, and declined a reelection. He was elected a Senator in Congress from Rhode Island for the term commencing in 1859 and ending in 1865,

serving as Chairman of the Committee on Printing; and he was re-elected to the Senate for the term ending in 1871, again serving at the head of the Printing Committee and as a member of the Committees on Claims, Naval Affairs, Mines and Mining, and Post Offices and Post Roads. He was a member of the National Committee appointed to accompany the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois; and was one of the Senators designated by the Senate to attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866.

Anthony, Joseph B.-Born in Pennsylvania; was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1838, serving as a member of the Committees on Territories and Military Affairs. He died at Williamsport, Pennsylvania, January 17, 1851.

Appleton, John.-Born in Beverly, Massachusetts, February 11, 1815; graduated at Bowdoin College, Maine, in 1834; was admitted to practise law at Portland, Maine, in 1837. In the winter of 1838-'39 he became editor of a Democratic newspaper in that city, "The Eastern Argus," and continued to be its editor for the next four or five years, during a part of which time he was also Register of Probate for the County of Cumberland. In 1845 he accepted an invitation from Mr. Bancroft, the Secretary of the Navy, to become Chief Clerk of the Navy Department; subsequently he succeeded Mr. Trist as Chief Clerk of the State Department, which was then presided over by Mr. Buchanan. In 1848 he was appointed, by President Polk, Chargé d'Affaires of the United States to Bolivia. On his return from that mission, which he resigned after the election of General Taylor, he resumed the practice of law at Portland, in partnership with Nathan Clifford, now one of the judges of the Supreme Court of the United States; but soon afterwards, in September, 1850, he was elected, from the Portland District, a member of the Thirty-second Congress. In 1855 he joined Mr. Buchanan, at London, as Secretary of Legation, but returned home in time for the Presidential canvass of 1856. In 1857, having been obliged from ill health to decline the position to which he had been invited, of editor of the "Washington Union," he was appointed, by President Buchanan, Assistant Secretary of State. In May, 1860, he was appointed Minister to Russia. He died in Portland, Maine, August 22, 1864.

Appleton, Nathan.-Born at New Ipswich, New Hampshire, October 6, 1779. He entered Dartmouth College in 1794, but left his studies there, after being invited by his brother to join him in the mercantile business in Boston. He became interested

in the cotton manufacture, and in 1821 was one of the three original founders of Lowell. He was at different periods a member of the Legislature of Massachusetts, and from 1831 to 1833, and again in 1842, was elected a Representative of that State in Congress, serving on important committees; but soon resigned his seat, and has since taken no part in public affairs. He published pamphlets and essays on Currency, Banking, and the Tariff. He died in Boston, July 14, 1861. A memoir of his life was published by Robert C. Winthrop.

Appleton, William. Born in Brookfield, Massachusetts, November, 1786, and was educated for mercantile pursuits, in which he was engaged extensively and successfully for more than fifty years. He ever took a prominent part in various public enterprises and benevolent objects; gave much attention to banking and financial operations, and was for some years, and until the close of the institution, President of the Branch Bank of the United States in Boston. In 1850 he was elected a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, and reelected in 1852. He was also elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, but died in February, 1862, in Boston.

Archer, John. - He was born in Harford County, Maryland, in 1741, and graduated at Nassau Hall in 1760. He studied divinity, but, on account of a throat affection, turned his attention to medicine, and went through a course of study at the Philadelphia Medical College, having received the first medical diploma ever issued in the New World. At the commencement of the Revolution he had command of a military company; was a member of the State Legislature; and after the war he practised his profession; was a Presidential Elector in 1797; was a Representative in Congress from Maryland, from 1801 to 1807; and died in 1810. As a medical man he commanded great influence, and several discoveries were made by him, which have been adopted by the profession.

Archer Stevenson.-He was born in Harford County, Maryland; graduated at Princeton College in 1805; was a Judge of the Court of Appeals; and elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1811 to 1817, when he was appointed Judge in Mississippi Territory. He was chosen a Representative in Congress again, from 1819 to 1821, and was a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. He was the son of John Archer.

Archer, Stevenson.-He was born in Harford County, Maryland, 1827; graduated at Princeton College, in 1846; adopted the profession of law; was a member of the Maryland Legislature in.

1854, and in 1866 he was elected a Representative from Maryland to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Naval Affairs, Expenditures on Public Buildings, and Education in the District of Columbia. His father, bearing his own name, and his grandfather, named John, were both Representatives in Congress from the same district which he now represents.

Archer, William S.-Born in Amelia County, Virginia, March 5, 1789. He came of a Welsh family, a number of whom acquitted themselves with honor in the Revolutionary war. He obtained the rudiments of his education at the best grammar schools of the day; graduated at the College of William and Mary; and studied law. In 1812 he was elected to the State Legislature, where he served, excepting one year, until 1819. In 1820 he was elected a Representative in Congress from Virginia, where he remained until 1835, taking an active part in all matters of national importance, and exerting a paramount influence, especially as Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations, and member of the Committee on the Missouri Compromise. In 1841 he was elected to the United States Senate, where he remained until 1847, having, from the start, been placed at the head of the Committee on Foreign Relations in that body. By his public acts, he commanded the respect of the country; and by the charms of his private character, won the friendship of many of the leading men of his day. On his retirement from public life, he devoted himself to the improvement of his paternal estate; and died March 28, 1855, of neuralgia, with which he had been afflicted for twenty years.

Armstrong, James.-A native of Pennsylvania; distinguished himself in the Indian wars, and was consulted by the proprietors of Pennsylvania on all matters connected with Indian affairs. In 1776, Congress promoted him from the rank of Colonel to that of Brigadier-General, and he assisted in the defence of Fort Moultrie, and in the battle of Germantown; in 1777 he resigned his commission in consequence of dissatisfaction as to rank. was subsequently elected a Representative to Congress from Pennsylvania, serving from 1793 to 1795, and sustained a number of other honorable offices. He died at Carlisle, Pennsylvania, March 9, 1795, a few days after the expiration of his term in Congress. Was brother of John.

He

Armstrong, John.-He was born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, November 25, 1755, and served as an officer in the Revolutionary war. At the close of the war, in order to obtain redress for the griev

ances sustained by the officers of the army, he prepared the celebrated "Newburgh Letters." He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1778 and 1787, from Pennsylvania, where he was made Secretary of State and AdjutantGeneral of the State; and to him was intrusted the direction of the last Pennsylvania war against the Connecticut settlers of Wyoming. Returning to New York, he was sent to the Senate of the United States, serving from 1800 to 1804, when he resigned. On the return of Chancellor Livingston from the French embassy, he was commissioned Minister in his place in 1804; and was also appointed a Commissioner Plenipotentiary to Spain. Returning to his own country, he was appointed a Brigadier-General in 1812; in 1813, Secretary of War, by President Madison, which position he resigned in consequence of difficulties growing out of the capture of Washington. From that time he lived in retirement upon his estate at Red Hook, but passed a few years in Maryland. He published a brief history of the last war with England. He died at Red Hook, New York, April 1, 1843.

Armstrong, William.

--

He was

born in Lisburn, Antrim County, Ireland, December 23, 1782. He came to this country in 1792; had a limited education; studied law in Winchester, Virginia; devoted himself to mercantile pursuits. In 1813 he was appointed, by President Madison, Collector for the Sixth District of Virginia; in 1818 and 1819 he was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates; in 1822 and 1823, a member of the Board of Public Works; and in 1820 and 1824 he was a Presidential Elector; for many years a Justice of the Peace; one year High Sheriff of Hampshire County; and he was a Representative in Congress from 1825 to 1833. Since that time he has lived in retirement in the pleasant valley of the South Branch of the Potomac.

Arnell, Samuel M.-He was born in Maury County, Tennessee, May 3, 1833; his grandfather having been a soldier in the Revolution, and acquitted himself with credit at " 'King's Mountain." He was educated for the Church, but taught a classic school and studied law; in 1859 he went into the business of manufacturing leather; in 1861 he took an active interest in putting down the Rebellion, and suffered in person and property from the Confederate Army; was elected to the Tennessee Legislature and advocated the passage of the Constitutional Amendment in 1865 and he was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Thirty-ninth Congress taking his seat near the close of the first session and serving on the Committee on Public Expenditures. Reelected to the Fortieth Congress; serving