A Practical Treatise on Coal, Petroleum, and Other Distilled OilsBaillière Brothers, 1865 - 181 страници |
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agitated Albert coal alkalies ammonia aniline applied asphaltum barrels per day Baumé benzole bitumen Boghead coal boiler boiling points bottom burns cannel coal carbolic acid carbonic acid cent charge chemical chemists clay coal gas coal oil coal tar coke colorless compounds condensed contain creasote crude oil cylinder degree of heat diameter distillation of coal distilled from coals employed eupion feet fire flow formed furnace gases Gesner heavy oil hydro-carbon oils hydrogen hydrometer impurities inches Kerosene lamp oil light lighter oils lime liquid lubricating manufacture of oils material mixed mode naphtha naphthalin nitric acid nitrobenzole obtained odor oil and paraffin oil region oils distilled oils from coals oily oxidation oxygen patents Pennsylvania petroleum potash purification quantity Refinery refining removed shales specific gravity substances sulphuric acid superheated steam superheater tank temperature tion tube valve vapor vessel volatile matter wood worm yield York
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Страница 11 - ... which was not so well understood at that time as at present ; and as many variations of pressure are easily seen in this barometer, which would escape notice in the mercurial one, and, if not attended to, give rise to error, I think it will prove a valuable addition to a standard barometer, though never a substitute for one. In hopes of getting rid of the air, and...
Страница 132 - The specification proceeds to describe the invention aa consisting in treating bituminous coals in such a manner as to obtain therefrom an oil which the patentee calls paraffine oil, and from which he obtains paraffine. The specification continues : — " The coals which I deem best for this purpose are such as are usually called parrot coal, cannel coal...
Страница 176 - ... decrease. It was flowing until the 1st of February, 1865, at the rate of 150 to 200 barrels per day, when an accident stopped it. This well is said to have netted its owners over $3,000,000. . year. In the summer of 1864, an air-pump was applied, which caused the well to resume flowing lightly — five or six barrels per day. The flow then slowly increased to 140 barrels. The well is now yielding 110 barrels per day. The " McKinley" flowing well, on Oil Creek, is remarkable for the permanence...
Страница 49 - Albert coal, so-called, is extremely brilliant, breaks with a conchoidal fracture, does not soil the fingers, and is strongly electric. It melts, and drops in the flame of a candle, and dissolves in naphtha and other solvents, forming a varnish. It has all the essential properties of asphaltum, while it is void of those which constitute true coal. Like the mineral of Torbane Hill, it has been the subject of disputes and lawsuits, the total cost of which has exceeded $30,000.
Страница 128 - ... earth 200°C. THE PRODUCTION OF ASPHALT BY THE OXIDATION OF PETROLEUM In 1865, Gesner stated4 that "organic substances are oxidated by the atmosphere, and its action promoted by a high temperature. Hot air has therefore been forced through hydrocarbon oil during the process of purification, and, in some instances, with advantage." However, Jenney6 was the first to report on the formation of solid oxidized hydrocarbons resembling natural asphalts by the action of air on petroleum. In conducting...
Страница 41 - The surface of the bitumen is occupied by small ponds of water — clear and transparent, in which there are several kinds of beautiful fishes. The sea, near the shore, sends up considerable quantities of naphtha from submarine JT J springs, and the water is often covered with oil, which reflects the colors of the rainbow.
Страница 175 - well, alluded to above, was originally a 1,500 barrel well. Its yield began to decrease in 1863, and finally ceased. Being resuscitated, it is now pumping 50 barrels per day. The ' ' Jones " well, put down in the latter part of 1862, within 30 feet of the " Woodford," tapped the same vein, flowing 400 barrels per day. Its flow decreased gradually until the well had to be pumped. It is now doing nothing. The " Noble "well struck oil in April 1863.
Страница 41 - At the time of the author's visit to the place, the bitumen, of the consistence of thin mortar, was flowing out from the side of a hill, and making its way outwards over more compact layers towards the sea. As the semi-solid and sulphureous mineral advances, and is exposed to the atmosphere, it becomes more solid ; but ever continues to advance and encroach upon the water of the harbor.
Страница 174 - struck oil" in the fall of 1861, at a depth of about 500 feet, and first flowed at the rate of 600 barrels per day. It also gave out in about a year and a half. The " Big Phillips " well struck oil in October, 1861, at a depth of 480 feet. The estimated quantity of the original flow was from 3,000 to 4,000 barrels per day.
Страница 42 - ... made, by firing masses of this chapapote, whose dense columns of smoke could be recognized at great distances, and served as signals to vessels at sea. It is matter of history that Havana was originally named, by the early visitors and settlers, CARINE; — "for there we careened our ships, and we pitched them with the natural tar which we found lying in abundance upon the shores of this beautiful bay...