reverential love by his obedient flock. He was their friend, heir counsellor, their phyfician, their prote&or, their parent The joys and forrows of his neighbours were his own. If their diftreffes were fuch as it was beyond his ability to relieve, he could yet footh them with the tendereft pity. If they wished to have recourfe to fuperior wifdom and knowlege, he was always at hand to fuccour and affilt them. He was (alas, that he should be thus compelled to need it in return!) in the heft fenfe of the words, given to hofpitality. The ftranger did not lodge all night in the ftrees-he opened his doors to the traveller. When the ear heard him, then it bleffed him, and when the eye faw him, it gave witness unto him -it fparkled with joy, or it was moistened with a grateful tear. "For eight months have thefe helpless fojourners been refident amongst us→ -for eight months they have been fupported by the private munificence of individuals-by the laity-and by the clergy-who to their power, and in many cafes almost beyond their power, have exerted themfelves in behalf of their afflicted brethren." We have already far exceeded our ufual limits, and reluctantly close our extracts from this elegant Difcourfe. 170. Codex Theodori Reza Cantabrigienfis, Evangelia & Apoftolorum Alta complectens quadratis literis æco-Latinus. Academia aufpicante venerande bas vetuftatis reliquias fumma qua potuit file adumbravit, expreffit, edidit, cod cis bijiriam præfixit notafque adjecit Thomas Kipling, STP Coll Div. Joan. nuper Socius. Cantabrigiæ, e prelo Academico impenfis Academiæ. 1793. vol. folio. 2 THE merit of this MS. has been long admitted by the learned world, among whom it ranks next after the Alexan drine and the Vatican copies. For the honour of our own country, which pof feffes two of the three, they have been prefented to the publick in fac fimile. We would fain flatter ourselves that is Holiness, who has fhewn himself a patron of literature, will employ fo.ne of his many literati to do the fame juftice to the oldeft MS. of the New Teftament, perhaps, in the world. Several criticks aflign the date of the Cambridge MS. to the fifth, or certainly to the fixth, century. The learned editor inclines, with Wetstein and Michaeli, to think it of the fourth, and equal in antiquity with the MS. of the Acts among Archbishop Laud's at Oxford, published by Hearne, 1715, and even the Alexandrine MS. which Dr. Woide fuppofed of the fourth sentury. It is wonderful what ill. founded dubts have been entertained about it. Bengelius conceited it was written in Britain, becaufe of its conform ty with the Anglo-Saxon verfion; and Thomas Baker, from the Gathie ftructure of the letters, doubted its antiAroald detracted from its credit quiry. as if it had been a forgery, and contain-' ed particulars not in other copies; whereas Werftein an Gris fbach actually found them in others It agrees with the Syriac, Latin, Jerufalem, Sahidic, and Copric verfions, and with the remains of Irenæus, and with the Greek copies compared with the Syriac at Alexandria, A. D 616, by Thomas Heracle nfis. Dr. Harwood thinks it and the Clarmnt MS. come nearest the original reving; and fo do Mill, Wetftein. Whilton, and Michaelis; and Griefbach defen is it from th accufation of Latinizing, or confor ning too much to the Latin MSS. It goes alfo with the LXX. The Latin pa t of this MS. is older than Jeron's, and, on the whole, agrees with the Greek. Bentley and Semler prefer Latin verfions, and the former pays this particular one high compliments. The clofer the Latin keeps to the Greek, the ftronger proof of antiquity. The Latin tranflations, in the prefent inftance, were by different hands The MS. appears to have been the work of a pron unacquained both with the Latin and Greek languages, like th feribe of the Alexandrian and two Gue ferbytan MSS.; who a'l, fròm certain internal evitences, may be prefumed Egyptians, and made it for the ufe of fome church in that country. Thence it probably paffed into Irewas feen by Druthmar, land, and monk of Corby, in the ninth century. From Ireland it got into France, and was found in the monaftery of St. Irenæus at Lyons, 1562, by Beza, who, after collating it for the third edition of his New Teftament, prefented it, 1581, to the Univerity of Cambridge it came to England, it was collated by Patrick Young, Archbishop Ufher, and Mill; the latter's labours were puolifhed by Kuster; and his edition was again collated, 1733, by Mr. Dickenson, of St. John's College, Cambridge, whose labours are in Jefus College hbrary, and who detected 4000 errors of Mill and Kufter. Nor was Westein more carefu, having committed 20 criors in collating only the 14th and 15th chapters of St. Mark's golpel. The errors of Gricfbach, who publifhed the Greek After New 1793.] Review of New Publications. New Teftament, 1777, came from not having feen the original MS. Here Dr. Kipling modeftly obferves, that he is led to point out thefe errors in former editors purely by a defire to evince of how much confequence it is that dif ferent MSE of the New Teftament fhould be published. A copy of the Greek part of this MS. is in the library of Trinity College, Cambridge. Simon had another copy, and Wetflein one of both Greek and Latin. Dr. Bentley fent a third to Sabatier; and Mr. Crafter, of St. John's, transcribed the whole of the Latin for Dr. Kennicot, who fent it to Semler, who published from it the gofpel of St. John, at the end of his Parapbrahs Evangelii Joannis, 1778. The MS. itelf is written on parchment, and contained the four gospels and A&ts in Greck and Latin; but much of both verfions is wanting, or has been fupplied by late and different tranfcribers. All thefe, with their ages, are pointed out at the end. The letters of the first page have entirely failed, as have allo portions of others in different parts of the book. The editor concludes his preface with expreffing his grateful acknowledgments to the University, at whofe expence the whole work has been conducted. This fplendid work, which reflects honour on the University of Cambridge, and its Editor, is beautifully printed, on good raper, in 828 pages, exclufive of the preface 30, and 23 of notes explanatory of the various readings, expreffed by A; thofe in the Greek by antiquiffimae, for me antient; P for later pofteriores; V for antient vetuftiores; R for corrections, later, recentiores, than the 9th centur: in the Latin the earlier corrections are marked L; the later are too nume rous to be distinguished. 171. A Letter to the Rev. Mr. Percival Stockdale, on the Publication of his pretended Correfpondence with the Lord Bishop of Durham. HAD this fpirited letter appeared a little tooner, it would have fuperfeded the article in our Review for October laft, p. 934; in which, col. 2, 1. 27, for complimentary read completely. Mr. S's correfpondent has touched on an article we had not meddled with-his Letter to Granville Sharpe, on the Slave-trade. * We may add, and on the late excellent letter-founder, Mr. Jack fon (fee vol. LXII. P. 92), who cut the types for this handfome book, as well as for the Alexandrine MS. and for Domesday. EDIT. 733 172. A Word of Advice to the European Powers, being a Tranflation of a French Pamphlet written in May, 1792. "A PEN, which has never yet been employed but to facrifice to the Mufes, now dedicates fome minutes to the dull task of tranflating. Imagination, wit, fancy, taste, all things beautiful and enchanting, muft, at this ferious moment, vanish before the hor rid picture of the finest country in the world deluged in blood, and covered with all the ghaftly wounds that murder and facrilege can inflict. Dull and melancholy as the task is, I fhall be too happy if this first sad penance of my literary hours fhall be read in my beloved country, and if it can spare her fons the bitter regrets of ever having been misled from their political integrity, or fwerving one moment from thofe ideas which are dictated by honour, morality, and the focial duties." Tranflator's preface. This is an animated reprefentation, flating, with melancholy truth," the caufe of the corruption of the French nation, by the fuffering, from the most incomprehenfibie negligence, all forts of publications, under the falle title of philofopbical works, to appear; publications full of all that can corrupt opinions and morals. This was her greatest fault-a fault that has been committed by other When public opinion is governments. and, and, like them (unlefs Providence interpofes), they will have their Cromwell, who waits, perhaps, and watches for the moment (unhappily too near!) when the ftate fhall be diffolved, and its ruin complete; for the laft event in anarchy has been, at all times, and with every people, the unlooked-for tyranny of one villain more dark and enterprifing than the reft, or the tyranny of feveral, whom their common danger has confederated together" (pp. 15, 16)." These poliical difpures were not local. Let us reflect on the long feries of troubles that agitated Europe by the different fects, who preached up the fovereignty of the people, and played their parts, under the different names of Albigenfes, Vaudois, Huffites, Lutherans, Calvinifts, Anabap tifts, Prefbyterians, Puritans, Gracemaçons, and even Janfenifts, the last production of this numerous and turbulent family; and it will eafily be feen that there are few kingdoms in Europe which have not been, for feveral centuries, perplexed and difturbed by these popular incendiaries" (pp. 16, 17). The author expreffes himself ftrongly against that fashionable diffufion of knowledge among the people. "The common people formerly did not know how to read, and therefore the propaga tion of new doctrines was flow. Nations had then lefs communication with each other. The different characters and calls of nations had a ruder and more original ftamp. The intercourfe created by commerce did not exift. The great chain of arts and sciences was not formed. News papers and journals were not invented, or were very few in number, and, the readers of them very scarce; in fhort, all means of communication between nation and nation, and even province and province, city and city, were rare and difficult" (p. 17).. Now, when the whole universe thinks, as it were, in common, and that mifguided opinion in one fpot of the globe pervades to each extremity of the poles, one nation cannot fart up into power but all others will alpire to the fame power. Religious fanaticifm ferved for a pretext to fir up the people formerly; now its fubiitute is fanaticifm anti-religious the firft, without doubt, has caufed great exceffes; but, in its greateft, it had one check, it acted in the name of a God, of which it had con ceived a falfe idea; but, miflaken and depraved as was that idea, it did not deny that there exifted a Supreme Being. The laff, the anti-religious fanaticism, leaves wickednefs complete. All morality is centered in felf-intereft, and the fatisfying the paffions, it orders the confummation of every crime with the coolness of reflection and premeditation. When atheifm becomes the univerfal creed of a people, they will foon become man-eaters. It would then be a very falfe policy for all the powers of Europe to remain unmoved fpectators of the difafters in France. England, stained with the blood of her king, Cromwell feated in power, all the other courts stood motionlefs before the execrable deed. It is enough that fuch a fcene has paffed once in Europe. The indifference and inac tion of the 17th century has ferved to embolden the attempts of the 18th (p. 19-21). "The caufe is not only that of kings and minifters, it is that of all honeft people, of all countries, of all profefhons, of all men attached to principles of juftice and reafon, of all friends to older and humanity, of all who do not afpire to the execrable title of plunderers and propagandifis” (p. 22).—“Every thing confpites against this French epidemic. Kings, minifters, proprietors, traders, cultivators, all united, muft rife against this political ruin. Such a crufade can only fave Europe from devaftation, and preferve, in this fine part of the world, the precious relicks of civilization, which have been obtained only by the efforts of age, not the beneficence of religion" (p. 24).-The French author adds a poftfcript on the affaffination of the King of Sweden, and a repetition of the fame arguments. It is with no fmall pleasure that his tranflator reflects that it is not fo much the element that places an infurmountable barrier against the approach of foreign regicides, as the honeft indignation that fills the minds of every galiant foldier and failor in this country. Sure I am that there is not a generous countryman of mine that would not, unfolicited and unpaid, cxert himself in faving a King whole only crime is being the best and mott inoffenfive man in his kingdom." rope; and gives a clear and nervous statement of the different conduct of England towards her, compared with the treacherous and infidious conduct of France; and concludes with animating Britons to every exertion to reduce fuch a people to reason and order. 174. A Letter to the Rev. Chriftopher Wyvill, Late Chairman of the late Committee of Affociation in the County of York, on bis Defence of Dr. Price. By a Yorkshire Freebolder. A good vein of well-directed irony run through this little piece. 175, Anfwer to Dr. James Hamilton, jun. By Dr. Gregory. ac THE occafion of writing this pamphlet was briefly this: In OЯober last a pamphlet was published, intituled, A Guide for Gentlemen fludring Medicine at the Univerfiy of Edinburgb, by 7. Jobnion, Eq. (reviewed by an old corre fpondent, vol. LXII. p. 1027), which, from internal evidence, appeared to have been written by Dr. Alexander Hamilton, the profeffor of midwifery (or his fon, Dr. James Hamilton, junior), in order to induce the ftudents to attend his class. As the botanical and mathematical claffes were traduced, on count of the profeffor of the former having oppofed the admiffion of Dr. H. into the College of Phyficians; and the hour of teaching the latter interfering with that of Dr. H's clafs, it was thought proper, on thefe and other accounts, to bring the matter before the Senatus Academicus, before whom Dr. H. folemnly and vehemently difowned all knowledge of the publication of the pamphlet, and the affair was therefore dropped by that body. His fon alfo denied that he had any hand in the work in fome letters, to which Dr. Gregory's pamphlet is an anfwer, exhibiting, by a feries of frorg and convincing arguments, intermixed with the most cutting ftrokes of fatire, how little faith is to be given to thefe denials. This pamphlet is not fold, being only diftributed by Dr. G. to his friends. We have been favoured with a copy. 176. Important Facts, fubmitted to the Confide ration of the People of England; quith fome, • Thoughts on the prefent State of Public Affairs. By John Spencer Colepeper, MR. C, after painting the horrors of France in her prefent ftare, adverts to the Conftitution of England, and the attempts to fubvert it; gives a fhort 735 of thefe kingdoms, and the exertions, Sketch of the conftitutional government affembled fenate, to fave it from danger; not of the executive power, but of the they "faw and felt the impending dasger; party, for a time, loft its influence, and all concurred, heart and hand, to ftamp their deteftation of the poifon cnof the publick" (pp. 22, 23). deavoured to be infufed into the minds "Surrounding nations have marked and fhewn their public abhorrence of fuch meahowever, mankind might have looked on fures as the French have purfued. Perhaps, with forbearance, had they confined their prefs; but when Europe is pervaded with deeds to the limits of the kingdom they op principles fubverfive of every government, where France erests her unhallowed bagprotect the form of government under which ners, it is the duty and interest of all to refpectable, when time fhall have cleared each particular nation has grown great and reafon of thofe who have been led aftray by away the mist which at prefent blinds the doctrines fubverfive of every principle they pretend to protect, and which, to establish falfe and merely ideal rights of man, over❤ throw and destroy the reality, then shall the abettors of thefe doctrines fink into the contempt they fo juftly deferve; reafon and found policy will again affume their natural fway, and behold with abhorrence the acts of men who, trampling all order under their feet, have dragged from the throne of his and juft" (pp. 25, 26)." Murder has at ancestors a king compaffionate, merciful, laft put the finishing stroke to the preparalong as humanity forms part of the human tory actions of the National Convention. As heart, the fate of Louis XVI. will be indɛlible in the minds of mankind. His unmerited fufferings and his untimely end hold out an aweful leffon to the world, who muft neceffarily learn from it and the confequent dreadful acts which have followed, and, it is dangerous to the interests of bumamty is much to be feared, are ftill to follow, how giving the reins to the turbulent partions bring into action. which ambition prompts the human mind to It remained for the 18th century to be the perpetrators, in the kingvolution that ever difgraced the aimais of dom of France, of the most fanguinary remankind. The prefent age contemplates with horror, and pofterity hall read with whole people, in fo fhort a time, have fo wonder, the various gradations by which a fhortly changed the national character" (pp. 28, 29). If the author means a change of the love of monarchy to that of republicanifm, he is right; but if he thinks the and natural character of pride, cruelty, French have departed from their national and and ambition, he has the current of hif. tory against him. "Intoxicated with the fucce's which the forces of France have met with, univerfal empire seems to be the object at which they aim. No treaties can bind them; and policy, the guide of other nations, is laid afide to purfue the phantom of republican Quix otilm" (p. 29). Mr. C. is of opinion, from the rank which Britain holds among furrounding nations, in every convulfion of Europe her power and influence must ever be looked up to, and her whole force called into action to reprefs, and keep within bounds, the enterprifing efforts to derange the equipoife which alone preferves peace, and which is precifely the cafe at prefent (pp. 30, 31). 177. An Excurfion to the Peak of Teneriffe, in 1791, being the Subftance of a Letter to Jofeph Jekyll, Efq. M. P. F. R. S. and S. A. from Lieut. Rye, of the Royal Navy. (Reviewed by a Correfpondent; fee before, art. 97, pp. 254, 255). MR. R, being on-board the Gorgon, bound to New South Wales, when the put into Santa Cruz for refreshment, obtained leave of the governor to afcend the Peak, in which attempt fo many others, and, laftly, Sir George Staunton, had failed. Notwithstanding every argument to diffuade them at this feafon of the year, accompanied by Mr. Burton the botanif, our gallant lieutenant overcame all difficulties, and, on April 17, 1791, fetout, with guides and mules, for Oratava, the road from which, to Santa Cruz, fhewing proofs of the ftrong convulfions which Nature has here fuffered by eruptions from the peak. Here they hired two pealants for their guides, and laid-in a ftock of provifions, two or three falt fifh, two dozen of hard eggs, one dozen of Imall loaves, and two gallons of wine in a keg. At day-break on the 18th they were two miles from the town, among rocks and precipices covered with fern, heath, and Spanish broom. About ten they entered the plains, covered with lava and rocks, extending from seven to ten miles, where f many travellers have left their lives, and where they experienced a fudden tranfition from cold to heat, and an oppreffion on their lungs from the fulphureous particles with which the air was impregnated. noon they reached the first fight of rocks, called "The Englishman's Refting place," a mile from Oratava, and about half-way to the fugar loaf. By this time their shoes were worn out, and Ar their guides meditated a retreat. They were, however, urged on by threats, and the travellers preffed forward with renewed ardour, finking knee-deep into the lava, and affailed by a violent and piercing wind, fo that they were compelled, for fecurity, to plunge their arms alfo into the lava. The younger guide fainted, and was left behind till he recovered. At half paft two they entered a fillure between the rocks, probably occafioned by an eruption of lava, and next defcended into the crater, almoft fuffocated with fmoke. Mr. R, finding that a fudden and violent numbness had feized his fide nearest the ground, started up, and rushed to the fummit of the peak, where the intenfenefs of the cold drew blood from his pores, but his refpiration was free. They now flood on the fummit of the peak of Teneriffe, at an altitude tremendous to the imagination. This, for want of inftruments, could not be afcertained. In the circumference of the vertex they remained an hour and an half, collecting fpecimens of brimstone, calcined ftones, and nitre, of the finest quality, which are deposited in Mr. Parkinfon's muleum. The crater is nearly circular, from forty to fifty paces deep, its diameter at top from feventy to an hundred paces, furrounded by steep and rugged rocks, and its furface at bottom covered entirely with nitre over brimftone. The bottom is full of cracks and fiffures, whence, if you run a stick in, iffues a column of fmoke. "It was fo hot that we were obliged to be continually moving our feet, or they would have been burnt; and the rumbling, bubbling noise which affailed our ears I can compare to no thing but the found of an immenfe boil. ing cauldron." From the fummit they beheld the grand Canary, appearing as a part of Teneriffe; but the profpect of the other iflands was totally intercepted by.clouds. They returned with extraordi nary rapidity to the ipot where they had left the mules, and where Mr. B. found two roots of violets, whole flower refembled the hedge-violet, but the leaf was very different. Above this fpot were no marks of vegetation. They were welcomed by their landlord at Oratava, and, indeed, by the whole town, and by all on the road to whom the guides told their fuccefsful adventure; and arrived at Santa Cruz early in the evening of the 19th; and the gratuities they beftowed on their guides and muletears were most thankfully received. This |