"Of all the leffons," fays he," which a young man, entering upon our profeffion, needs to learn, this is perhaps the firft, that he fhould refift the fafcinations of doctrines and hypothefis, till he have won the privilege of fuch studies by honeft labor, and a faithful purfuit of real and ufeful knowledge. Of this knowledge, anatomy furely forms the greater fhare. Anatomy, even while it is neglected, is univerfally acknowledged to be the very bafis of medicinal skill. It is by anatomy that the phyfician gucffes at the feat, or caufes, or confequences, of internal difeafe. Without anatomy, the furgeon could not move one step in his great operations; and thofe theories could not even be conceived, which fo often ufurp the place of that very fcience, from which they fhould flow as probabilities and conjectures only, drawn from its store of facts." The author, therefore, instead of amufing himself or his reader with vain fpeculations, has invariably directed his view to practice, and marked with dif cernment and care thofe points, on which a ftudent's attention ought to be chiefly fixed. Surgical remarks are every where interfperfed, giving the reader an intereft in the ftudy, which fyftems of mere anatomy feldom excite; and fuch fpeculative doctrines alone are advanced as kalto fome useful and pratical conclufion. His doctrine concerning the feveral forms of the cellular fubftance, or dead part of the body, is clearly expreffed, and bas, perhaps, more originality than any other part of the work; for it must be confelfed, that novelty in anatomical details is not to be looked for, and that the only fervice which a man can render to fuch a fcience is in giving an orderly arrange ment, and a clear defcription, of the various parts of which it confifts. In this our author's Tuccefs has been fuch as has enabled him to defcend to the very minutie of anatomy, without exhibiting the appearance of minutenefs, or dwelling too long on tifling defcriptions. Such is our general view of the work before us; but it is our bufinefs to furDifh the reader with an opportunity of judging for himfelf, from extracts taken from the different parts of it. Treating of the formation of bones, and having mentioned the experiments by which Du Hamel endeavoured to prove that this was effected by layers from the periofreum, an hypothefis which our author warmly oppofes, he proceeds thus: "Yet, by these experiments with madder, one moft important fact is proved to es; that the arteries and abforbents, acting in concert, alternately depofite and re-abforb the earthy particles, as faft as can be conceived, of the foft parts, or even of the most moveable and fluctuating humours of the body. The abforption of the hardest bones is proved by daily obfervation; when a carious boge disappears before the integuments are opened; when a tumour preffing upon a bone de ftroys it; when an aneurism of the temporal artery destroys the skull; when an aneuriím of the heart beats open the thorax, defro7ing the sternum and ribs; when an aneuritm of the ham deftroys the thigh bone, tibia, and joint of the knee; when a tumour coming from within the head forces its way through the bones of the skull; in all these cafes, fince the bone cannot be annihilated, what can happen but that it must be absorbed and conveyed away? If we should need any ftronger proofs than thefe, we have malities offium, a difeafe by which, in a few months, the bony fyftem is entirely broken up, al conveyed away, by a high action of the abforbents, with continual and deep-feated pain; a difcharge of the earthy matter by the using; a gradual foftening of the bones, fo that they bend under the weight of the body; the heels are turned up behind the head; the breaft is cruthed and bent in; and the fpine is crooked; the pelvis distorted; the functions beginning to fall low, the patient, after a flow hectic fever, long and much fuffering of pain and mifery, expires, with all the bones diftorted in a fhocking degree, gelatinous, or nearly fo, robbed of all their earthy parts, and fo thoroughly foftened as to be cut with the knife. "Thus every bone has, like the foft part, its arteries, veins, and abforbent veff-ls; and every bone has its nerves too. We fee them entering into its fubftance in fmall thread, as on the furfaces of the frontal and parietal bones: we fee them entering for particular purpofes, by a large and peculiar hole, as the teeth we find delicate nerves going into nerves which go into the jaws to reach the each bone along with its nutritious veffels; and yet we dare hardly believe the demonftration, fince bones feem quite infenfible and dead: we have no feeling when bones are cut in amputation; or when, in a broken limb, we cut off with pincers the protrading end of a bone: we feel no pain when a boce is trepanned, or when cauftics are applied to it; and it has been always known, that the heated irons, which the old furgeons used fo much, made no other impresion than to excite a peculiar titillation and heat, rather pleafant than painful, running along the in all this. A bone may be exquifitely fenfible, course of the bone. But there is a deception and yet give no pain; a paradox which is very easily explained. A bone may fid acutely, and yet not fend its fenfation to the brain. It is not fit that parts fhould feel in this fenfe, which are fo continually expofed to fhocks and blows, and all the accidents of Life, which have to fuffer all the motions, which the other parts require. In this fenfe, the bones, the cartilages, ligaments, hurfæ, and all the parts that relate to joints, are quite infenfible and dead. A bone does not feel, or its feelings are not conveyed to the brain; but, except in the abfence of pain, it thews every mark of life. Scrape a bones and its veffels bleed; cut or boré a bone, and its granulations fprout up; break a bone, and it will heal; or cut a piece of it away, and more bone will be readily produced; hurt it any way, and it in Aames; burn it, and it dies: Take any proof of fenfibility, but the mere feeling of pain, and it will answer to the proof. In short, these parts have a fenfibility which belongs to themfelves, but have no feelings in correfpondence with the general system." That the author's meaning may here be catily discovered no candid critic will be difpofed to deny; and ver, with refpect to compofition, the passage is extremely reprehenfible. Senpbility, fenfa tion, and feeling, are words appropriated to the Icience of mind; and their fignifi cation has long been fixed by Locke, Hartley, Reid, and other eminent wris ters of metaphyfics. Our author confounds them with irritability, or with that principle of vegetable life, which in a greater or lefs degree actuates every organized body; and by this very im proper ufe of the terms he will appear, o every metaphyficat reader of his work, to have fallen into the most palpable contradictions. To fav that a bone is exquifitely fenfible, and yet gives no pain in amputation, is as abfurd, if the words be taken in their proper fenfe, as to fay that a bone is tapable of giving pain, and at the fame time infenfible of this feeling. We are indeed inclined to think, from the next paragraph, that the author has fome belief of bones being fenfible in the proper acceptation of the word, and that the only difference, between their fenfibility and that of the flethy parts of the body, confits in the difficulty of exciting the fenfation of a bone, and in the flownefs with which that fenfation is conveyed to the brain.. "A bone," fays he, "feels fimuli, and is excited to re-act; injuries produce inflame mation in the bones as in the foft parts; and then fwelling and frongy loofenefs, and a funefs of blood, fuppuration, ulcer, and the death and difcharge of the diseased bone enfue. When the texture of a bone is thus loofened by inflammation, its feeling is roufed; and the hidden fenfibility of the bone rifes up like a new property of its nature: and as the eye, the skin, and all feeling parts, have GENT. MAG. December, 1793. their fenfibility increased by disease, the bones, ligaments, burfæ, and all the parts whofe feeling, during health, is obfcure and hardly known, are roufed to a degree of fenfibility far furpaffing the foft parts." All this may be true; but it is not, if the words feeling and fenfibility be lite all interpreted, very confiftent with the former paragraph. If it is fo cfficult to route the 1 nubility of a bone, how can a bone be exquifitely fenfile? In རྣ word, highly a we think of this work, we must confefs that there is a contufion in the author's terms, whenever he approaches to the fcience of mind; and we cannot plead, in excufe for this confufion, his ignorance of that fcience, for he appears to be confciaus of the impropriety of his language, by attempting an apology for it, and acknowledging that his expretions may appear paradoxical. Mr. Bel will not, we hope, do us fo much injuftice as to fuppofe that these remarks are dictated by malevolence to him. Had we entertained a meaner opinion of the value of his work, we fhould not have given ourselves the trouble to make them. We are forry when we fee an author of eminence deviating from the analogy of the language in which he writes; and we trust that the candour of the author before us will attend to our hints in the Subfequent editions of his book. That fo useful a book will go through many editions, the good fente of the pubick will not permit us to doubt; for, though we may teem to have cenfured it with fome feverity in the prefent extract, we thall have enough to praife when we lay before our readers the author's doctrines, which are purely anatomical. (To be continued.) 111. The Hiflory, Civil and Commercial, of the British Colonies in the Weft Indies. By Bryan Edwards, Efq. of the Island of Jamaica. (Continued from p. 1017.) IT is with great fatisfaction we refume our obfervations refpecting this Colonial Hiftor; at the fame time we have to regret, that it would take us far beyond the limits of our plan, to render adequate juftice to the merits of all parts of this valuable and extenfive work. We can do little more, there ore for the gratification of our readers, than to felect fome detached fpecimens, and re-. commend the work itself to their per ufa!; in which there are, in both volumes, upwards of a thoufand pages, abounding with ufeful information for the statelman and the philofopher, as well as for the plantes planter and the merchant, and others concerned in the affans of the Weft Indie... We have already prefented our readers with the profpectus of the undertaking, as fet forth by the author; and we now can allure them that Mr. Elwards has faithfully fulfilled, the arduous talk in which he engaged. In regard to the original inhabitants of the Weft Indian iflands, fubdued by the Spaniards, there has long fince ceased to be any other veft ges of those unhappy people than their ones, occafionally difcovered in dreary caverns." To the islands of St. Domingo, Cuba, Jamaica, and Porto Rico, Mr. Edwards computes the number of the aborigines to have been about three millions; differing on this point from Les Calas, who Mates it at fix millions; 1,200,000 of which inhabited St, Domingo. The fate of theft mild, unoffending, and harmless people, is related by our author in the following ftrains of pathetic ele gance: into the water, and, after administering to them the rite of baptifm, cut their throats to prevent their apoftacy Others made a vow to hang, or burn, thirteen every morn ing in honour of our Saviour and the twelve Apoitles! Nor were thefe the excelles only of a blind and remorfeless fanaticism, which, pity; the Spaniards were actuated in many exciting our abhorrence, excites alfo our inftances by fuch wantonnefs of malice as is wholly unexampled in the wide hiftory of human depravity. P. Martyr relates, that it was a frequent practice among them to murder the Indians in Hifpaniola in fparts or merely, he obferves, to keep their hands in They had an emulation which of them could most dextrously ftrike off the head of a man at a blow; and wagers frequently depended on this hellifh exereife, To fill up the measure of this iniquity, and demonftrate to the world that the nation at large participated in the guilt of individuals, the Court of Spain not only neglected to punish these enormities in its fubjects; but, when rapacity and avarice had nearly defeated their own purposes, by the utter extirpation of the natives of Hifpaniola, the king gave permiffion to feize on the unfa(pecting inhabi"All the murders and defolations of the tants of the neighbouring iflands, and tranf moft pitiless tyrants, that ever diverted them- port them to perish in the mines of that felves with the pangs and convulfions of their inland. After reading thefe accounts, who fellow-creatures, fall infinitely fhort of the can help forming an indignant with, that the bloody enormities committed by the Spanish hand of Heaven, by fome miraculous innation, in the conqueft of the new world; a terpofition, had swept thefe, European ty conqueft, on a low eftimate, effected by the rants from the face of the earth? On the murder of ten millions of the species! But, whole, if we confider of how little benefit although the accounts which are tranfmitted the acquifition of these islands has fince down to us of this dreadful outrage are au- proved to the Spanish nation, and count thenticated beyond the poflibility of difpute, over the cost of the conqueft, we muft find the mind, fhrinking from the contemplation, it extremely difficult to include fuch an wishes to refift conviction, and to relieve event as the malfacre of ten millions of initfelf by incredulity fuch, at least, is the nocent people (comprehending the butcheapology which I would frame for the author ries in Mexico and Peru) amongst the of the American History (Dr. Robertfon), number of thofe partial evils, which ultiwhen I find him attempting, in contradiction mately terminate in general good. Nor to the voice and feelings of all mankind, to can we poffibly reconcile its permition to palliate fuch horrible wickedness. Yet the our limited ideas of infinite wisdom and fame author admits, that, in the short inter- goodness! Divines therefore justly concluse, val of fifteen years fubfequent to the difco- that ho stronger proof than that which very of the West Indies, the Spaniards had arifes from hence need be given of the exreduced the natives of Hifpaniola from a mil- iftence of a future ftate, wherein the unlion to fixty thoufard. It is in vain that he re-equal distribution of mifery and happiness marks on the bodily feebleness of thefe poor in this life thall be adjufted; when the Indiaus, and their natural incapacity for la- crooked shall be made ftraight, and the rough bour. Such a conftitutional defect, if it places plain*,” exifled, entitled them to greater lenity; but the Spaniards diftribute them into lots, and compelled them to dig in the mines, without reft or intermiffion, until death, their only refuge, put a period to their fuffering. Such as attempted refiftance, or to efcape, their mercileis tyrants hunted down with dogs, which were fed on their fleth. They difregarded fex and age, and with impious and trantic bigotry even called in religion to fanctify their cruelties. Some, more zealous than the reft, forced their miferable captives LITERARY INTELLIGENCE. We understand that the Editors of the Hiftory of Cumberland have just publähed the first part of their work (fome-account of which shall be hereafter given); and regset the communications of the earned in the various departments of county history, addrefied to F. Jollie, the publiher, Carlisle, BIOGRAPHICus will be obliged by any anecdotes of John Smith, efq. formerly of Gray's Inn; ferjeant at law, 1700; a baron of the Exchequer, 1714; and afterwards (Q. when ?) chief baron of the Exchequer in Scotland. He died June 24, 1726, aged 70. He wifhes alfo to know when the Rev. W. Mufgrave, M. A. died; who was rector of St. Peter's, at Aldwindle, Nor thamptonshire, and a prebendary of Lincoln. It was between 1730 and 1740. In addition to the account of Bishop Chandler, pp. 974, 1000, H. K.'informs us, that "the Bishop was the fon of Samuel Chandler, efq. of the city of Dublin, in Ireland (who died in Dec. 1669) by Eliza beth his wife, whose maiden or former name was Calvert. The Bishop died July 20, 11750, having furvived his wife. Wadham Chandler, the Bishop's fecond fon, died Nov. 21, 1769, without iffue; leaving his wife fole executrix and devifee of his real and perfonal cftates. His widow died in Auguft 1770, leaving the Duke of Devonshire her heir at law, and Lord Camden her executor. Of the Bishop's three daughters; r. Anne, married the Rev. Thomas Brotherton, and died a widow, in Jan. 1761, without flue; having, by her will, appointed her fifters, Catharine and Barbara, her executrixes. . Catharine married Wadham Wyndham, *efq; became his widow and fole executrix; and died Feb. ro, 1784, without iffue, leaving the Rev. Richard Huntley her executor. 3. Barbara married, 1ft, William Cavendith, efq. by whom the had no iffue; and, 2dly, the hon. John Fitzwilliam, a general in his Majefty's army. She died in March, 1786, without iffue; and the General died about two years afterwards.-The Bishop had an only fifter, named Joyce, who married, ift, Richard Warren, efq. by whom the had ore daughter, named Elizabeth; and, 2dly, Thomas Lyfter, efq by whom the had no iffue. Her daughter Elizabeth married Anthony Lyfter, efq, who both died, leaving one fon, Thomas, and one daughter, Joyce. Thomas married, and died without iffue, leaving a widow, who was lately living. Joyce married the Rev. James Leflie, who was after -wards made Bishop of Limerick. She fur-vived him, and died in 1773, having had by her faid husband eight children, viz, Edward (now Sir Edward Leflie, Bart. of the king dom of Ireland); Richard (a clergyman); Elizabeth, Joyce, and Barbara (wo all died. infants, and unmarried, in their mother's life-time); Marianna (who married Francis Warren Bonham, efq. and is fince dead); Catharine Elizabeth (now the wife of James Scott, efq.) and Martha (now the widow of the late Rev, Mr. James Lowry)." FEAD STANLEY will be glad to fee the book W. F. W. offers to lend him. We are much obliged to our kind correpondent at Coleshill for his offer; but the Plan" would be too extensive for our use. In anfwer to an enquiry, p. 781, after the manor of Southchurch, and the Drew family, C. E. informs us, "that Thomas Drew, Esq. is now living at Datchet, co. Bucks; and that he will fhorily fend us the particulars of the manor of Southchure, and of the Drew family.” A CONSTANT READER'S question about the abbreviations in TANNER will be eas fily anfwered by any literary neighbour. Not from the feverity of N. Y's admi rable "Remarks on Mr. Bofwell (which might eafily be converted into a pleasant pamphlet), but from the certainty that they would occafion along and unpleasant difcuffion, are they withheld from the prefs. Fo: precafely the fame reafon, the, not lefs pertinent remarks of T. are alfo omitted, We are very willing to allow the Rafticated CANTAB's claim to wit and humour; but the publick has also a claim on us for decency. This cenfure applies equally to an Epigram on lighting a Pipe by the Sun's Rays with a convex Glafs," and to m, whole letters will be delivered to his order, though one of them was nor postpaid. If we were to plead Not Guilty to his charge, we are apprehenfive, he would not be fatisfied; yet, were he in our útuation, he would, in fpite of his wishes to be polite, be under the neceffity of being rude." A Conftant Reader would be obliged to any correspondent to inform him of the nature of the game of SCIOPE, which the Brillotine party are faid to have amused themfelves with on the night previous to their execution... W. F. fays, on the covers of "Regimen Sanitatis, Paris, 1524." are the fame ftamps as mentioned by EXPLORATOR, p. 897.The question this correfpondent afks would lead to a tedious and unending difcuffion. The arguments of PLAIN TRUTH are incontrovertible; and we shall avail ourfelves of his kind hint. AMICUS,-A. M-INEDUCATUS, CLERICU-Causinicu, &c. &c. are returned to the Poft-office; as in general are, and will be, all fuch UNPAID anonymous letters as are merely trifling, or rather wholly useless. King John's Palace at OLD FORD; the Plan of PORT ROYAL; the Hospital at ARUNDEL, N. FOR BLAND old and new Lighthouse; and Ca.CRARTH CASTLE, are all engraved; and fhall appear in pur SUPPLEMENT; when M. E. (inclofing a benevolent guinea) fhall alfo be printed. In the Supplement we hope to pay off a large portion of our literary arrears. We must request indulgence from our Poetical Correfpondents. The monument of Lord ROBERT MANNERS; a View of COWDRAY HOUSE; CHESTERFIELD Monuments, &c. &c. are engraving for the January Magazine. Mr. J. S's View of BISHOPS TEIGNTON fhall appear as foon as it can be engraved. And, oh forgive the wild-enanguish'd tear! Forgive the thoughts, that gave this forrow birth! {earth! Forgive the grief, that finks me down to Pardon, dear Saint! if thus, at times, I 'mourn, turn! If the big drop ftill bathes thine honour'd Oh! I've no caufe!--no cause, I know it well; [rell, 1 feel what all would fay-what each would That the's releas'd from every care and pain, That our poor lofs is her tranfcendent gain! Religion's paths her early foot-steps trod, The bloffom of her youth was spent with God: Her mid-day powers increasing ardour-gain'd; What her youth caught her riper years main. 'tain'd. [faid, I know I know-what farther might be But 'twas my mother! and that mother's **dead! fveal, Ah! chide me not, whilft I my griefs reI bow, fubmiffive!-but her child must feel! Soft ye, my friends!—I would retire awhile; A few fond tears my fadnefs may beguile! My recent anguifh will betray a groan, And modeft forrow feeks to weep alone. "Tis well!Here, bent before thy awful throne, Maker fupreme! I may each feeling own! Father benign! who doft each thought controul, Who feeft each fecret movement of my foul! Thou know ft with humble deference 1 bow, And kifs the hand that dealt the friendly blow. I would not could a wish recal her here! 'Tis not fuch thoughts feud down the trickling tear. 'Scap'd from all pains, all fublunary things, Her feat the heav'nsi her friend the King of kings! [earth? And, do I with thee here?-here on this Ah! nos I hail the hours that gave new birth, (ftar'd, That burst thy prifon-bonds, and thee re Thumphant, to thy Saviour, and thy Lord! These are my thoughts, though yet, at times, Those books, Itrust, shallbemy constant guide, Prefs'd by thine hand in many a folded fidel Oh! my full heart here breathes her daily prayer, + Face That Providence should make our paths his Dim the dear page, by frequent servicetora; And mark'd the leaf by her lov'd figur .. worn! Yes, I will ki's them, fold them to my heart, Dear preci uus tre..fure, n ver fhall we part!. Can I forget the hours of anxious toil ? Wakeful, for me, thou'st watch'd the midnight oil! Heedlefs of fleep, my little cries diftreâ, Lent on thine arm, and wrangling at tiry breaft! Now rock'd, with gentlest motion, t› and frol My lifted eye, yet gli'ning with a tear, Mark'd thy lov'd kifs, which banish'd ev'ry fear! I felt thy arms enfold me to thy breast ; › Then, fmiling, murin'ring, gently, funk to reft! ftruth! Oh! thou, from whom I learn'd unerring From dawning reafon to maturer youth, With whom I pafs'd whole years of fond de light, Bafk'd in thy fainthine-gambol'd in thy ing fcene, Why should droop, and forrow intervene ! When active Fancy takes her erial flight, Burfts from this world, to join the realms of |