Principles of Political Economy: With Some of Their Applications to Social PhilosophyLongmans, Green and Company, 1885 - 591 страници |
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Често срещани думи и фрази
accumulation Adam Smith advantage agricultural amount capital capitalist cattle causes circulating capital condition consumed consumption crease cultivation degree demand diminished division of labour duce duction ductive effect employment England equivalent exertion exist expenditure expense farmer favourable flax France funds greater gross produce human hundred quarters improvement increase individual industry instruments kind labour employed labouring classes land less limited machinery maintain mankind manufacture manure material means ment metayer mode nations natural agents necessary objects obtained occupation operations paid peasant persons plough ployed political economy population portion possession principle productive consumers productive labourers productive power profit proportion proprietors purpose quantity racter remuneration render require saving small farms society soil subsistence sufficient sumed sumers sumption supply suppose surplus tained taxes things thousand tical tion tivation tive unproductive vated velvet wages wants wealth whole workmen
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Страница 481 - The subjects of every State ought to contribute to the support of the Government as nearly as possible in proportion to their respective abilities; that is, in proportion to the revenue which they respectively enjoy under the protection of the State.
Страница 481 - The tax which each individual is bound to pay ought to be certain, and not arbitrary. The time of payment, the manner of payment, the quantity to be paid, ought all to be clear and plain to the contributor, and to every other person.
Страница 571 - Letting alone, in short, should be the general practice: every departure from it, unless required by some great good, is a certain evil.
Страница 195 - I cordially subscribe to the remark of one of the greatest thinkers of our time, who says of the supposed differences of race, "of all vulgar modes of escaping from the consideration of the effect of social and moral influences on the human mind, the most vulgar is that of attributing the diversities of conduct and character to inherent natural differences.
Страница 481 - Every tax ought to be levied at the time, or in the manner, in which it is most likely to be convenient for the contributor to pay it.
Страница 453 - Hitherto it is questionable if all the mechanical inventions yet made have lightened the day's toil of any human being. They have enabled a greater population to live the same life of drudgery and imprisonment, and an increased number of manufacturers and others to make large fortunes.
Страница 482 - Thirdly, by the forfeitures and other penalties which those unfortunate individuals incur who attempt unsuccessfully to evade the tax, it may frequently ruin them, and thereby put an end to the benefit which the community might have received from the employment of their capitals.
Страница 121 - The laws and conditions of the Production of wealth partake of the character of physical truths. There is nothing optional or arbitrary in them.
Страница 573 - Now any well-intentioned and tolerably civilized government may think without presumption that it does or ought to possess a degree of cultivation above the average of the community which it rules, and that it should, therefore, be capable of offering better education and better instruction to the people, than the greater number of them would spontaneously select. Education, therefore, is one of those things which it is admissible in principle that a government should provide for the people.
Страница 376 - Gold and silver having been chosen for the general medium of circulation, they are, by the competition of commerce, distributed in such proportions amongst the different countries of the world, as to accommodate themselves to the natural traffic which would take place if no such metals existed, and the trade between countries were purely a trade of barter.