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try, gained a victory and took his Lordship prifoner. He married the hereditary Couniefs of Naffau, by whom he left two fons; whereof,

(3d Earl.) Godert-Adrian the eldest, was the 3d Earl; but dying at Marbourge in Heffe, 8th October, 1736, by the finall-pox, at the age of 20 years and eight months, was buried in the vault of his ancestors at Ame rongen, and fucceeded by his brother

(4th Earl.), the fourth Earl, who was born in the year 1717, and educated with his brother in the University of Marbourge; but died unmarried in November, 1747, being a Nobleman of fine qualities; and, tho' only 30 years of age, had a feat in feveral Colleges of the Generality, in behalf of the province of Utrecht,

(5th Earl.) Frederick William, descended from Heer Harvelt; the 2d fon of the 1ft Earl fucceeded, and had iffue.

(6th Earl.) Frederick, the 6th and prefent Earl.

Titles.) Frederick Christian, Rynhart de Ginkell, Earl of Athlone, and Baron of Aghrim.

Creations.) Baron of Aghrim, in the county of Galway; and Earl of Athlone, in the county of Rofcommon, 4th March, 1691. 4th of Wm. and Mary.

Arms.) Pearl, two barrs dancette, diamond,

Creft.) On a wreath, a pair of wings erect, topaz.

Supporters.) Two gryphons, with wings expanded, topaz.

Motto.) Malo mori quam fædari.prefer death to treachery.

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Seat.) The Caftle of Amerongen, in the Province of Utrecht, &c.

ERRATUM, in Mag. for Dec. 1784, page 688, in the creations of the Earl of Waterford and Wexford; read 17th July 1447, inftead of 1747.

Account of the Afcenfion of Mr. Crosbie's Air

Balloon.

(With an elegant engraving.) THE Seavy rain and other unfavourable "appearances of the weather, on the night preceding the experiment, 19th January 1785, prevented the commencement of the inflation fo foon as had been originally propofed; however, the process began at fuch an hour as Mr. Crosbie, and the gentlemen who affifted him, had reafon to think, would enable them to gratify the public about noon. Mr. Crofbie's eager defire to give the curiofity of the fpectators the most immediate fatisfaction, induced him to hazard the experiment, as soon as he thought his afcent practicable, even without ballaft; but upon trying the buoyancy of the machine, it was found neceffary to continue the process for fome time longer. This dif

appointment put his firmness to the most fevere trial. Satisfied, however, with his own determined purpose of making the experiment fucceed, he calmly renewed, whilft the public, with that patience and good-nature which characterize Lifhmen, far from interrupting the process, feemed less anxious for their own entertainment than his honour. At half after two, all things being in readinefs, our adventurer mounted his car with that intrepidity and coolness which cannot be too much admired; when we consider the latenefs of the hour, the variableness of the wind, which scarcely continued for two minutes in the fame point, and the proximity of the fea. At feventeen minutes before three, with the utmost compofure he gave orders by the speaking trumpet, for the rockets to be fired. As foon as the rope was cut, he afcended with majestic folemnity, when, being aware of the circumstances which generally attend the afcent of Balloons, that they become stationary, or sometimes defcend again; and animated with a zeal for the fuccefs of the experiment, he threw out a large quantity of ballaft, when he rapidly hot up into the wide expanfe At this moment, his appearance was awful and glorious; when he ftood up in his car to falute the public, which now broke the most profound filence with loud acclamations; with inexpressible delight, which it has hitherto been the lot of few men to experience, he beheld the multitude and the varied fcene below, gradually contracting to his view. In three minutes and fifty feconds from the firit moment of his afcent, he entered a white cloud, and instantly vanished from the eyes of the fpectators; a few seconds previous to this he had ftooped down to adjuft the Barometer, which having, as he imagined, completed, he found the Mercury ftand at twenty-fix inches, by which it appeared to have fallen three inches and fiftythree hundredths. Whilft he was examining this, he heard the explofion of a cannon, a fignal agreed upon to inform him when he vanished from the eyes of the spectators, and on looking out, the earth was loft; and the glorious object that ftruck his view was the fun, of an oval form, through the refracting clouds. After emerging from this, he defcried another range of clouds far above.

In this interval it occurred to him to try the effect of his own voice, having seen Mr. Harper's account of a temporary deafness, which was faid to have affected him; when, to his surprise and delight, it was re-echoed from all the furrounding clouds. Determin ed now to foar above this fecond range, he still preserved his gas undiminished, and accordingly in a few feconds his ambition was gratified. The scene was now attonithing and glorious, the fun in unknown splendour

in the expanfe of deepeft blue, and the clouds rolling beneath his feet. He now examined the Barometer again, and found the fcrew of the bafon not fufficiently releafed: this being corrected, the mercury fell in ftantly to near fixteen inches; which fufficiently informed him that he was at a vaft height, and had afcended with great rapidity, owing, as it is most probable, to the expanfion which had now fenfibly taken place through the effect of the diminished preilure. In compliance with the wifhes and advice of his friends, who had requested of him not to push his experiment too far, on account of the latenefs of the hour, he opened the valve, the Balloon ftill continued to afcend, as was indicated by the barometer; at length the mercury became flationary, and he marked it at fifteen inches ninety-nine hundredths, equivalent nearly to two rifh niles in height.

At length the force of afcent was overcome, and he defcended for fome time flowly, and repaffed the upper range of clouds; foon after which, he met with a current which carried him to the eastward, as he feemed to be perfuaded from the relative pofition of the fun, and his progrefs over the furface of the lower cloud; which opinion feerns to be verified from hence, that upon his approaching the edge of the cloud, a chafm opened to his view, which difcovered the Bay of Dublin beneath. It was not long before he repaffed this range of clouds alfo, and heard the noife of fhip-carpenters, and the barking of a fhip-dog; he was at this time in a contrary current of air to the weftward, and was carried over the Strand near lord Charlemont's feat at Marino; where defcending faft, the tide being low, he threw out his grappling, the fluke of which being badly wrought, broke with the ftrain: prefently a prodigious concourfe of people crouded around him, and laying hold of the rope, he was landed in perfect fafety. Thofe, who were prefent at his defcent, teftified their applaufe by carrying him in his car, with the Balloon floating over it, on their fhoulders, to lord Charlemont's house in Dublin, whilft all ranks vied with each other in congratulation on his fafety, and admiration of his intrepidity. Extracts of a Letter from Banks Moreton, Dated 20th August, 1784.

Quebec, 20th Auguft, 1784.

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complaint, fea-ficknefs. What a beautiful and furprifing ftructure is a well-built fhip! it is always a pleafing fatisfaction to me, when in the midft of feeming danger, in one of thefe floating habitations, juft on the point of being overturned, to find her fteadily return to her original pofition, and force her way thro feas foaming with madnefs, in almoft oppofite direction to the winds:-to fink, unhurt, twixt faline rolling hills, and rife triumphant over the tops of raging mountains.--In a few days we got fight of Canada, and tho' it was then the 20th of May, the hills on both fides, were white with fnow, the fteril dreary appearance of thofe parts, together with the dreadful monfters of the deep, innumerable, tumbling and blowing, and the grandeur and beauty of the scene around, thew the wifdom and power of the hand which formed them; ftrack with fuch awful profpects, and melancholy reflections, I then wrote an Elegy, which I fubmit to your perufal.

Where, now, are all my flattering dreams of

joy?'

Ah, where the pleafing hopes once fill'd my breaft!

Or why does trouble all my mind annoy, Why can't my foul, that bufy fomething,

reft!

Since first I left Jamaica's friendly ifle,
Where ev'ry blefling focially unite,
From fickle fortune I've not gain'd a smile,
The adverse jade, to me has thewn her spite !
Here now, I'm rolling on wild boiftrous feas,
Tols'd by each fwelling billow to and fro,
Whilft difmal lands on ev'ry fide amaze,
Sad barren plains! or hills of ice and fnow!
Inftead of fteady breezes, which I love,
Here veering winds, or stormy gales;
Instead of Dolphins, fporting as we move,
Here clumfy Porpoifes, or monftrous Whales.
What woful fcenes are thefe, I now behold!
What dreary profpects, and what fad contrasts:
Can man furvive the Winter's chilling blafts,
In fuch ftrange climes, fo piereg cold?
Farewell Carolina's warm genial clime,
My few Charlestown friends a while adieu!
Tho' I be abfent ever fo long atime,
In the coldest regions I fhall think of you.
Nor fhall my grateful heart forget the days,
I gayly spent whilft in Jamaica dear!
Swet fertile ifle, where healthful failing rays,
And verdure, crown eternally the year!
Deareft favourite of the torrid Zone,
Whom Nature, bounteous, sheds her bles-
fings o'er,

Where chilling blafs, are never, never known,

And clothes, for ornament, are only wore!

Ah,

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During the voyage, the meanmefs and abfurd behaviour of a certain medical gentleman, who came passenger with us, continually boafting of his appointment to fucceed the phyfician general of Canada, and of his importance and great connections &c. renderhowever, I ipent my time as agreeable as my cd his company and converfation infipid; fituation would admit, 'till the 30th of May, which day we came to anchor oppofite Quebec.

Having been here more than two months, I fhall trouble you with my remarks, as far as I have been capable to afcertain.—Quebec, the capital of the province, lies about 150 leagues from the fea, is fituate in about 47 N. latitude and 69 W. longitude. The town is divided into an upper and low

Meeting with contrary winds, we came to anchor at Bic, a very small inland at the entrance of the River St. Laurence, where I went ahore, with a gun, traverfing thro' the houfes are about two ftories high, that little defolate place, my mind was not a little elevated contemplating on the beauties of nature: there, without the affiftance of any labouring hand, cherry-trees, currant, goofeberry, juniper and other fruitful fhrubs and vines, grow fpontaneous.

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"Full many a flow'r is born to blufh unfeen, "And wafte it's fweetnefs on the defart air." The black uncultured wilderness of Bic is inhabited by an old Scotchman, his wife (a favage) and their children, only; they fubfift on feals, porpoifes and wild-fowl, which are there in great plenty, and tho' the cattle tafte ftrong of fifh, thefe uncouth beings, in human forms, make delicious meals of them: they fubftitute a wild plant or herb, which grows there for tea, and the oil of feals

for butter.

After fome converfation with the old man, he told me that he had lived there many years, very content and happy with his fituation, faving-"Now my boys are grown up, broa lifty lods, I intend to tak them “huom to my ein country, where they wool

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get log cheap; and as foon as they "peak English or Earfe, I worl get them "places under Government, as I have fome "Scotch lairds my guid friends.”

On our paffage from Bic, up the river, ftili as we drew near Quebec, every thing appeared more pleafant, the country on both fides, divided into finall farms or lots, by railed fences, interfperfed with innumerable white-washed little houfes, feem'd fertile and beautiful, and had an agreeable effect on the eye.

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built moftly of flaty or rotten ftones; the freets, are paved, but rather uneven and narrow: both towns contain, I fuppofe about 2500 houfes and 8 or 9 thousand inhabitants.

The fortifications are ftrong, and have coft Great-Britain immenfe fums: more money, in my opinion, than this frigid quarter of the Globe will be worth to that country for many years to come.-Here are two comfortable hofpitals.-In the upper town there is an elegant and regular built citadel, in which the governor refides, but this not being fufficient, after fo advantageous a war, for the kind, vaftly more fuperb, now carrying fo great a man, there is another ftructure of o, which will fhortly be finished at a confiexpence to Government.

derable

ble elegant appearance; the Cathedral is a The Catholic Bishop's palace has a toleragothic building, rather mean; here is a College of Jefuits, and two or three Convents.

rifhed here at government's expence; moft During the war, trade was brisk and floupeople in bufinefs then, were in a thriving tate; but fince the peace numbers have been reduced confiderably, feveral of the most capital merchants have failed, owing to their of goods in their ftores and ware-houfts at fpeculating high, and having large quantities the conclusion of the war; notwithstanding, trade being at prefent greatly ftagnated and that the markets are at the worft now, European goods at a low rate, it is to be hoped and that commerce will again refume her priftine channels, and flourish once more.

the English, the inhabitants were allow'd the At the time Canada was conquered by free excrcife of their religion, and permitted to enjoy all the privileges of the British conftitution; but notwithflanding the most facred promifes to fulfil this agreement, civil law and liberty have been, long fince, tram

* A rural retreat, where I spent fome pled on by military government. General happy hours.

Haldimand, tho' a German, is commander

in chief of the province, and has, during his
refidence here, practifed the moft unwarrant-
ed, fervile, mercenary ftratagems to enrich
himfelf, abolished trials by juries, perverted
the ftreams of juftice, and is an abfolute ty-
rant amongst the people.

Whilft a jumble of war phrafes,
Puzzle all their ferious caufes,
Their laws are unjuft, fluctuating,
Inconfiftent plans for cheating.

The people grievoufly complain of this military bafhaw, many of whom, good fubjects, are now in England petitioning his majefty to have him called home to answer for his unprecedented proceedings towards them; there are feveral indictments againft him, his crimes are glaring and the damages fo confiderable that if ever he goes to England, notwithstanding all he has acquired by the fpoils of this country a goal moft certainly muft

terminate his career.

The lieutenant governor, (Mr. Hamilton) and lieutenant clerk, tho' divefted of power to difpenfe juftice or alleviate the grievances of the people, are amiable characters.

As for the fubordinate officers, they are in general, a fet of infignificant military wild-geefe.

Whims of vanity, idle tools,
Pedantic fops, or filly fools.

A number of these crimson butterflies fome time ago propofed to perform plays by fubfeription for the benefit of the poor of Quebec; their plan, as gentlemen officers, that none but gentlemen fhould be admitted to fubfcribe: while bankrupt pedlars, quacks, highland lairds, pedagogues, and their flippant wives, fuch tiny gentry, anxious to diftinguifh themfelves from the vulgar herd, were admitted, honeft fubftantial tradefmen and many other worthy citizens were rejected: -fay they

Since tradefmen are a vulgar tribe,
None but gentlemen fhall fubfcribe,
Tradefinen!-hang them, we hate'em,
Greedy dogs, we all must cheat them:
If for our plays they are inclined,
There's places fit for them behind.

Notwithstanding this prefumptive manœuvre, which gave offence to many, thefe bufkined ranters were tolerable fuccefsful for fome time: 'till at length their chief managers, and fome of their beft performers were ordered home: ever since, the few remaining have conducted their theatre with impunity, and converted the profits to their own private ufe, instead of relieving the poor, as they at firft propofed; but the failure of many of their fuperficial fubfcribers of late, has been a fevere ftroke to their pride and extravagance, and has humbled them to fuch a degree, that they have invited all ranks, who

have money, to partake of their entertain
ments: this alteration, of course, is lucra-
tive and much to their advantage, so that
The fporting heroes better dine,
And now drink more and better wine.

I have gone fometimes out of curiofity to fee
their plays, and tho' their performance was
by no means entertaining, I could not help
laughing at their prefumption. Their ridi-
culous attempts at the School for Scandal, and
Orphan induced me to publifh their epigram.
Had Sheridan known when he gave birth
To moral fcenes, and scenes for mirth,
That fuch wou'd attempt to handle,
Or murder his School for Scandal,
I'm fure the bright ingenious lad
Wou'd write no more, but run stark mad.
Had Otway feen the fair Monimia,
Transform'd to a mere duenna,
Of fifty three,-a clumfy jade,

With all her fex's foftnefs made';
Chamont, a crazy frantic brother,
Serina foft,-an awkward mother,
He'd never more attempt to write,
But hang himself, at once, thro' spite.

Popery is the established religion of these extenfive territories, and French the current language; the natives feem formed by nature to undergo hardfhips, are of an indolent flothful difpofition, and ridiculously fuperftitious; their greatest trouble is to provide for their clergy, and to furnish them with their exorbitant dues, and these they never fail to procure, tho' they deprive themselves of the neceffaries of life thereby.-Thefe deluded wretches think the tolling of bells, (which eternally alarm one's ears, all hours of the day, in town and country here,) together with the influence of their artful overbearing paftors, can waft the fouls of their dead thro' purgatory to heaven; buoyed up with this belief, careless of life, and content ́and chearful in their homely habitations, they linger out their days.

Here a number of young women are cruelly cheated, hindered from marriage, and fhut up prifoners in convents all their lives. What pity that fine girls fhould weather out their days in fuch inglorious dens of folitude! to be fo deluded to think their prayers cannot reach heaven if not offered in goals. I am grieved when ever I fee any of them peeping thro' their iron grates, or traverfing the bounds of their prifons.-I fuppofe it's a sentence in St. Paul that induces them to chuse this reclufe life, where he recommends marriage, but fays, that a fingle life is better' :-if it is fo, they are fadly deceived, for the sense of that cafe is plain, from many other parts, and is to this purport, that single chriftians, during perfecution, can travel thro' life better, than those who have mates.

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Colle&ion

Colletion of Voyages and Travels. The Voyage of Captain Cook round the World. (Continued from Dec. Mag. P. 692.)

Omoe. He was then building a house, and was very earnest to purchase a hatchet; but the gentlemen had not one left. He would not trade for nails, and they embarked, the chief, however, following them in his canoe

they left the place, the chief with his wife. They were afterwards taken

piloted them over the fhoals. In the evening they opened the bay on the northweft fide of the inland, which answered to that on the fouth-eaft in such a manner as to

interfect it at the ifthmus. Several canoes, cime off here, and fome beautiful women giving tokens that they should be glad to see them on here, they readily accepted the invitation. Of their adventures during the reft of their journey we have the following

account.

"They met with a very friendly reception from the chief whofe name was Wiverou, who gave directions to fome of his people to affift them in dreffing their provifions which were now very plentiful, and they fupped at Wiverou's house in company with Mathiaso. Part of the house was allotted for them to fleep in, and foon after fupper they retired to reft. Mathiabo having borrowed a cloak of Mr. Banks, under the notion of using it as a coverlet when he lay down, made off with it without being perceived either by that gentleman or his companions. However, news of the robbery being prefently brought them by one of the natives, they fet out in purfuit of Mathiabo, but had proceeded only a very little way, before they were met by a perfon bringing back the cloak, which this chief had given up rather through fear, than from any principle of honesty. On their return, they found the house entirely deferted; and, about four in the morning, the centinel gave the alarm that the boat was miffing. Captain Cook and Mr. Banks were greatly aftonished at this account, and ran to the water-fide; but though it was a clear, ftar-light morning, no boat was to be feen. Their fituation was now extremely difagreeable. The party confifted of no more than four, having with them only one mufquet and two pocket piftols, without a fpare ball or a charge of powder. After having remained fome time in a state of anxiety arifing from these circumstances, of which they feared the Indians might take advantage, the boat which had been driven away by the tide, returned; and Mr. Banks and his companions had no fooner break fafted than they departed. This place is fituated on the north fide of Tiarrabou, the fouth-east peninfula of the island, about five miles east from the isthmus, with a harbour equal to any in thofe parts. It was fertile and populous, and the inhabitants every where behaved with great civility.

The laft diftrict in Tiarrabou, in which they landed was governed by a chief named Gent. Mag. Jan. 1785.

on board, but when they had failed about a league, defired to be put on fhore. Their request was complied with, when the captain met with fome of Omoe's people, who brought with them a very large hog. The chief agreed to exchange the hog for an axe and a nail, and to bring the beaft to the fort. As the hog was a very fine one, Mr. Banks accepted the offer. They faw at this place one of the Indian Eatuas, a fort of image, made of wicker-work, which refembled a man in figure; it was near seven feet in height, and was covered with black and white feathers; on the head were four protuberances, called by the natives Tate-ete, that is little men. Having taken their leave of Omoe, the gentlemen fet out on their return. They went on fhore again, after they had rowed a few miles, but faw nothing, except a fepulchral building, which was ornamented in an extraordinary manner. The pavement, on which was erected a pyramid, was very neat; at a small diftance there was a tone image, very uncouthly carved, but which the natives feemed to hold in high eftimation. They passed through the harbour, which was the only one fit for fhip. ping on the fouth of Opoureonou, fituate about five miles to the weftward of the ifth mus, between two fmall islands, not far from the fhore, and within a mile of each other. They were now near the district called Paparra, which was that where Oama and Oberea governed, and where the travellers intended to spend the night. But when Mr. Banks and his company landed, about an hour before it was dark, it appeared they were both fet out to pay them a vifit at the fort. However, they flept at Oberea's house, which was neat, though not large, and of which there was no inhabitant but her father, who fhewed them much civility.

"They took this opportunity of walking out upon a point upon which they had ob ferved at a diftance fome trees called Etoa, which ufually grow upon the burial places of thefe iflanders. They call those burying grounds Morai. And here Mr. Banks faw a vast building, which he found to be the Morai of Oama and Oberea, which was the most confiderable piece of architecture in the ifland. It confifted of an enormous pile of tone-work, raised in the form of a pyramid, with a flight of fteps on one fide. It was near 270 feet long, about one third as wide, and between 40 and 50 feet high. The foundation confifted of rock ftones; the fteps were of coral, and the upper part was of

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