The repeated and continued breach of faith with the Marattas, could not but renew every fenle of past or more diftant grievance, and increate the general odium of alarm, even with thole who had no interest in, or who were even adverse to that people. It was natural to others to conclude, that they might themselves experience a fimilar treatment. The extraordinary march of the army acroís India, excited a general alarm with respect to the ambitious defigns of the company, as the utter expulfion of the French did, with regard to the dangerous extent of its power. It would have required no small degree of prudence, moderation, and caution, to have obviated the effects of that event, independent of all other caufes of jealoufy and alarm. It seems scarcely credible, that both the fidelity and fecrecy of the court of Berar should have been fo fingularly eminent, as that the Nizam, Soubah of the Decan, fhould have received no manner of intelligence, either at, or after the time, that he was himfelf one of the facrifices propofed in the treaty with Moodajee Boofla. Yet, fingular as it is, neither in enumerating the caufes which induced him to become the founder of the league against the English, nor upon any other occafion, did the Nizam ever throw out a hint of this nature. His oftenfible caufes were, befides his fhare in the general apprehenfion, the close friendship, connection, and alliance between him and the Poonah government; the mortal animofity he bore to Ragoan invincinaut Row, whom he defcribed as "ble villain, and utterly incapable of faith;" the sense of injury and injuftice, in which he fo trongly regarded the conduct of the Bombay government, as to attribute the lofs of their army to the immediate interpofition of Providence, in condemning the unjult to fall into their own fnares; together with the immediate perfonal injurier, which he charged to the government of Madrals. It appears that Moodajee Boola bad early appiized the governor general, "that "the Nabob Nizam, and others alio, who were "ali alarmed at the encroachments of the Englih in the Decan, were waiting a favourable opportunity to repel them." The Marattas found themselves pretty early in the year reduced to the following, alternative, either to accommodate matters in the beft manner they could with the English, and to take a full vengeance of Hyder Ally for all their loffes, or, if that was found impracticable, to make peace with Hyder, and to join their forces with his against the former. Hyder himself opened this ground early to them, by an offer of paying a large fun of money to them as an indemnification, a confiderable tribute for the conquered countries, and his whole force to affift them against the common enemy. They were, how ever, so strongly inclined to the first part of the alternative, that no anfwer was returned to Hyder's propofitions; while the cfcape of Ragobah, with various other circumftances, continually threw new difficulties in the way of an accommodation with the English. The Nizam, at length, decided the conduct of all the parties. Peace was fuddenly concluded between the Marattas and Hyder, and the grand league of federation against the English formed. The principal parties were, the Nizam, Marattas, Hyder Ally, and Moodajce Boola; while Nudjiff Cawn, and other chiefs on the western fide of India, were invited to accede to the confederacy, and to make the confufion and danger general, by dire&ting their at tacks against Oude, Allahabad, and other provinces in that quaiter. The grand outline of warfare was laid in the following manner: Hyder and the Nizam were to attack the Carnatic and the Northern Circars; the Marattas were to direct their force on the fide of Surat and the Guzerat; and Moodajee Boofla, was to invade Bengal with the greatest army he could raife. It is not certain how far the latter was willing, or even a free agent in this confederacy. He has fince pleaded corpulfion. He faid, that his army being disbanded, he was threatened with immediate invafion, both by the Nizama and the Marattas; fo that he had no other means of faving his country from ruin than by an apparent compliance. It would almoft feern, indeed, that it was fo understood by the company. Certain it is, that the part he took in the war fhewed no marks either of zeal or vigour. He was, in the first instance, unaccountably flow in the outfet of his army; and the time was to oddly chofen, that it did not arrive near the borders of Bengal until the rainy feafon was just fetting in, which, however difpofed for action, must have rendered it for feveral months of neceffity inactive. And fo far was any hoftility afterwards from taking place between the parties, the the fuppofed invader would have been in danger of ftarving, if it had not been for the kind supply of provifions with which he was furnished from Bengal, and by which the kindnet's fhewn to general Goddard's army, on the Neibudda was returned. After much correspondence between Surat and Poonah, and fome peremptory meffages from the former, charging pait delay, and infifting upon immediate and decifive aniwers to the fpecified propofitions made by general Goddard, the negociations were at length abruptly broken off in the month of November, by a declaration from the Maratta agent, in the name of his mafter, that he would not accede to any proposals made, or conclude a peace with the English, unless the delivery of Ragonaut Row, and the restoration of Salfette to the Maratta government, were laid down as preliminaries. The preparations for war, already in forwardnef, were now every where quickened on the fide of the company. Bombay, which had stipulated with Goddard for the thare it was to poffels of the new conquests, supplied him with its whole force, excepting what was merely neceffary for the garriton defence of their own ifland; but that prefidency totally declined being in any degree refponfible, either for the intended meafures or their confequences; and at the fame time declared their inability to contribute in the mallett degree to the expences of the war. The government of Madrafs, who confidered this way at fraught with every degree of danger and ruin to all the fettlements, were notwithstanding obliged to fend a very valuable and effective part of that force which they were foon to experience the want of, to the vid of the Surat army. E 2 On ch the other fide, the governor-general and fupreme council, concluded an alliance offenfive and defenfive, between the company and the Ranna of Gohud, or Ghod, a petty prince, whose mountainous territories lie on the Maratta fide of the Jumna, and the greater part of which were then poffeffed by fome of their troops. The want of money operating along with their ufual internal divifions, rendered the preparations on the fide of the Marattas exceedingly flow, and their military operations languid and ineffective; whilft the great pecuniary refources which were yet in the hands of the company's fervants, could not fail to give great energy and effect to their enterprize. The Maratta family of Guiacawar, held fome confiderable poffeffions under the Paishwa, on the western borders of the Guzerat, and pointing from thence towards the Indus, the boundary of Hindoftan on that fide. In the first Bombay war, difputes then prevailing in that family with refpect to the fucceffion, the pretenfions of Futty Sing Guiacawar were favoured by the Englith, in oppofition to thofe of the other claimants. Such fort of fervices are feldom fuppofed to proceed from difinterested motives. The tranfactions are by no means clear; but ceffions of lands to a confiderable value in the Guzerat, were by fome means obtained from Futty Sing; and the claim, to fome of them at least, was fupported in the Poorunder treaty, and became the principal article in reference to future enquiry which was then Jeft undecided. Futty Sing afterwards declared, that his fignature was not only extorted by force, but that he had himself no right to the lands of which he was fuppofed to have inade a ceffion. Some further ufe was now, however, intended to be made of this chief, with respect to the propofed conqueft, or divifion of the Guzerat; but whether this related to the military affitance he might give, to the appearance of right that might be derived from his claims, or to both, does not perfc&tly appear. However that might be, Futty Sing was to little difpofed to accept of the advantageous conditions held out to him by the propofed treaty of alliance, that the first military movement made by general Goddard was the paffing of the Tappee, on the fecond day of the year 1780, in order that his approach might fimulate that prince to a fpeedy determination. The reduction of the fortrefs and territory of Dabhoy, appertaining to the Paifhwa, was the ettenfible motive of this movement, which otherwie mult have been confidered as directly hoftile to Futty Sing himself; as it was the highway to his capital of Brodera, where he immediately prefided. Dubhoy, with its diftrict, was reduced without much difficulty; but neither the fuccefs or vincinity of the army, nor the acknowledged talents of gen. Goddard in negociation, were tufficient to induce Futty Sing to accede with a good grace to the propofed alliance. His difficulties were, however, at length furmounted, and by the end of the month the treaty was figned, for the allotted divifion of the Cuzerat between the parties, and the perpetual exclufion of the Poonah government. The amy being reinforced by Futty Sing's 1780. cavalry, general Goddard marched Feb. 15th, to befiege the city of Ahmedabad, the capital of the Guzerat. This place, of so much importance, was taken by torm, in only five days after the appearance of the army before it. The reduction of the capital was immediately followed by that of the reft of the province; and Futty Sing being placed in the government at Ahmedabad, by the general, then proceeded to pafs grants to his creators, of thofe diftricts which they yet chofe to keep in their own hands. He likewife granted the pri vilege to the company of eftablishing a factory at Ahmedabad; a favour, from whatever caufe, which there was no great difpofition at prefent to receive at his hands. The policy intended to be obferved with refpect to this prince, feemed to be of the fame nature, with that which had of late been in the ufual courfe of practice with others. The general, who was by no means unfuccefsful, in grafting upon the character of the foldier that of the politician, recommended delay in the final fettlement of the province, until all the great objects of the war should be fecured, left any difputed claims fhould excite jealouly or apprehenfion in Futty Sing; for whole fervices at prefent they had much occafion. The prefidency of Bombay were more explicit. They complained to the governor-general and council of the diftribution of the province, the company's portion, in their opinion, being by no means adequate to her rights or pretenfions; they therefore advifed, from their own knowledge of Futty Sing's character, that the board would not give a halty or definitive ratification to the treaty, without at least a guarded referve, for a new and equitable fettlement to be hereafter provided. Before the immediate fettlement of the province had well taken place, Sindia and Holkar arrived with an army, and feemed to be directing their courie towards Surat. General Goddard, by feveral forced marches, prevented their defign, and having reached their encampment on the 8th of March, intended to attack them in the night. He was most unexpectedly diverted from this defign, by a letter which he received from Mr. Farmer, one of the gentlemen who was left a hoftage at Worgaum, and was now in the enemy's camp, informing him of the friendly profeffions made by both thote chiefs, and of their with to be on amicable terms with the English. Thele favourable difpofitions feemed confirmed on the following day, by the arrival of Mr. Farmer and captain Stewart, the two hoftages in the camp, who had been freely enlarged by Madajee Siodia, and difcharged from all obliga tions on account of the treaty of Worgaum. They were accompanied by a vackeel, or confidential meffenger, from that commander, who aflured general Goddard, that Sindia's enmity to Nana Furnele, the Maratta regent, was equal to that of the English, and defining an explana tion of their defigns with refpect to the Paithwa and himself, confidered diftinctly from that minifter; and at the fame time wishing to receive propofals from the general for an accommodation, on fuch terms as might be conducive to the PRETTY MAU D. Sung by Mr. O'REILLY and Mrs. HITCHCOCK in Peeping Tom: Mayor. By all that's great and grand, pretty Maud, Maud. For the needle, thimble, goofe, Mifter Mayor. Printed for the Gentleman's and London Magazine. 迷 "When I was a YoUNKER." Sung by Mr. RYDER, in Peeping Tom of Coventry. Smart and Tripping. When I was a younker and liv'd with my dad, The neighbours all li ela lad. My mammy the call'd me a white headed boy, Be-caufe with the girls I But fchool, fool, primmer, and Trimmer and Birch, But pig, jig, wicket, and cricket and ball, I'd give up to wrestle with Moggy of all; I flatter, &c. views and interefts of both parties. Goddard declined fending thefe propofals; but defired to be made acquainted with the fentiments of Sindia, who was the belt judge, in what manner a new fettlement of the government of Poonah might be effected with most eafe and advan Lage. After fome inexplicit letters of friendly pro feffion, Sindia at length commiffioned his vackeel to open and explain his propofitions, which, it is faid, were evidently calculated to get Ragobah and his fon into his own poffeffion, and thereby to aggrandize himself in the state without any regard to the interefts of the English. These were immediately rejected, and the vackeel dismissed with an affurance, that the Englifh would put no restraint upon Ragobah, nor rique the fafety of his fon, and before they put the power of the ftate into his mafter's hands, they would expect fome conditions in their own favour, though they were entirely difpofed to a fair accommodation. Upon the whole, the conduct of Sindia in this tranfaction, feems, in the prefent state of information, very inexplicable. The giving up of the hoftages, if it had been followed by no interested propofals, muft have been confidered as an act of generosity. But it is fcarcely credible, that Sindia could have expected Ragobah and his fon to be given up in the manner he propofed, and without his holding out any conditions adequate to fuch a conceflion, accompanied with to shameful a breach of faith. If that had been his object, it is to be fuppofed that he would have made the releafe of the holtages the price of Ragobah's furrender. However ineffective that fcheme was likely to prove, it would not, at any rate, have been fo vifionary as the idea, that mere gratitude for an unconditional obligation, should produce an act of so extraordinary a nature in return. However it was, general Goddard found, or supposed reason, for questioning Sindia's fincerity in every respect. He fufpected that mere delay was not his object in holding out thefe inconclufive terms of accommodation, as he difcovered that he was at the time holding a fecret correspondence with Govind Row, a refractory and difaffected brother of Futty Sing's; and had not only promised, him affiftance in the fupport of whatever his views were, but had actually received him in his camp. This, with fome other inftances of duplicity, rendered the general exceedingly alert in endeavouring to bring Sindia to action; but he found him fo watchfully upon his guard that furprize was impracticable, and fo cautious, that he would not voluntarily hazard a battle. Even this negociation with Govind Row, (which produced no manner of effect, and feemed capable of little) by no means affords a fatisfactory explanation, with respect to what we have obferved of Sindia's conduct. General Goddard, after various manœuvres and forced marches to bring the enemy to action, and fill convinced of the neceffity of the mealure, in order to curb their. rapid incurfions, by driving them to a guarded distance, as well as to wear away the memory and effects of the late miladventure at Worgaum, at length, leaving his tents ftanding, and all incumbrances behind, he advanced with fuch rapidity, with the cavalry, grenadiers, artillery, and other the most alert parts of the army, that the Maratta caution could no longer prevail, and they were compelled to ftand an engagement. Goddard, having paffed their prin cipal guards with great dexterity, fell April 3d, in without hesitation upon their camp. 1780. The artillery did excellent fervice, and made great havock among their numerous and crowded cavalry; at the fame time he conducted the numerous attacks with fuch boldness, rapidity, and judgment, that in about an hour they were thrown into the utmost disorder, and foon after obliged to retreat, and with very confiderable lofs totally to abandon their ground. The fuperiority of difcipline and a well-ferved artillery to courage and numbers, has feldom been better, exemplified. A ftrong fenfe of the late difgrace, and an eager defire to retrieve the honour, and to establish the fuperiority of the British arms, feemed at this time to operate very generally, and with great force, upon the British officers; and even the fepoys, though fighting against their countrymen, feemed fully fenfible of that pride of diftinction, which the French diftinguifh by the term of l'efprit de corps. On the other hand, the Marattas could not but be greatly difpirited by this defeat, which fo effectually tended to destroy all confidence in a fuperiority of numbers. Captain Campbell, on his retura foon after from a diftant foraging expedition, with two battalions of fepoys, four field pieces, and a large convoy of provifions, was either waylaid or overtaken by Sindia, at the head, it is faid, of twenty thousand men. It will not at all affect Campbell's reputation, nor leffen our opinion, any more than the real gallantry of his troops, to fuppofe that they had a fair choice of ground well fuited to their condition and calculated for defence. However that was, he formed his detachment and placed his artillery to fuch advantage, that he repulfed Sindia with the lofs of five or fix hundred of his men, and brought his convoy off unimpaired and in trinmph. It was obferved in this action, that the fire of the flank companies was peculiarly deftructive to the enemy; a circumftance which, in a great measure, must have depended upon some peculiarities of fituation. In the fame prevalent spirit of the time, lieutenant Walth being detached with a regiment of cavalry and a battalion of fepoys, to lurprize a camp of fix thouland Marattas, he found on his march, that if he waited for the infantry, the design must be entirely fruftrated, as it would be open day before he could reach the enemy's camp. Thus circumftanced, he, with that decifive turn of mind, which is the true fign of military genius, at once determined to put all to iffue. May 3d. Fortune, as ufual, befriended boldnef, when rightly directed. The Marattas were routed, and driven out of the ir camp, before they could well recollect their fituation; and their own cannon turned upon the fugitives, before they had an idea of their being holtile. No rout could be more compleat, or victory, fo far as it went, more decifive. The Maratte |