been their escort, killed befide them. We took both the living and the dead with us to this houfe, where we found only a boy, and enquiring of him for the people of the houfe, he faid they were gone to a fair fixty werfts off, and were not to come home that night. As we conceived ourselves in a very dangerous place, we barricaded the courtyard belonging to the house, and kept a very ftrict watch, placing a centry at each corner; having our fire arms in readiness, we kept ourselves very quiet. One of our company, whofe appointment it was to watch the motions of the boy, obferved him at three o'clock in the morning, go to the back door and open it, but being clofe behind him, found the boy talking to a man without, in a very low voice; two others of our company getting behind him, pulled the fellow into the house, and fastened the door; the tripped tra ellers no fooner faw him, than they unanimously agreed that this fel. low was one of the gang who had robbed them; upon this we tied him neck and heels, and upon our looking out at the back-door, we difcovered a number of men at a fmall distance, upon the fnow, waiting as we imagined, for intelligence, but on our firing a few shot among them, they retired into the wood. We then proceeded to examine the fellow we had taken, who faid he was the landlord of the house, and was well known to be an honest man, and had no connection with thieves or robbers, and threatened that he would make us repent the injury we had done him in his own houfe; but as all thofe who had been robbed averred that he was the chief of the gang, and had himself killed one of the foldiers, we determined to carry him and all that were in the house, with us; and accordingly fet out. "On the 4th travelling fixty-four werfts, we came to Pense, a fortified town, with a ftrong garrifon, where we delivered up our prifoner to the governor; and the plundered merchants, on their examination declared that he was actually the ringleader of the gang; upon which the governor ordered him to be put to the torture, to make him confefs where the rest of his companions were to be found; but he was fo obftinate, that he would not answer any of the questions that were put to him. On which two of the robbed merchants propofed to go in search of them, if the governor would fend a fufficient force to take them, if found, alledging they might be eafily traced by the track they had rade through the fnow, in going into the wood: the governor readily confented, and ordered fifty dragoons, and as many Coffacks, to mount and attend them. The next day in the evening, they returned with twenty-three robbers, and the fledges and horfes belonging to the merchants; they were found in hutts in a thicket of the wood, not above three miles from the before mentioned house, This wood runs eat and weft feveral hundred werfts in length, and its narrowelt breadth, where we croffed, is one hundred and fixty werfts, without any inhabitants." A Town discovered in the Woods, with an Account of it. "I was here informed by the governor, that about fix months ago, a large village, or town, had been discovered by its own inhabitants, who fent a deputation to the Emperor for that purpose. This town lies two hundred miles weft from Penfe, and at the fame distance from any other inhabited place; it is fituated on the fide of a lake in the middle of this great wood, and consists of above two thousand families; they gave the following account of themselves :—In the very troublesome times, after the death of czar Iwan Wafilewitz, the tyrant, to the reign of czar Michael Feodorewitz (his prefent Majesty's grandfather), a great number of robbers had affociated themselves and committed great ravages over all the country; their leader, or commander in chief, was a degraded colonel, and an experienced officer: their depredations were fo audacious, that czar Michael Feodorewitz found it neceffary to fend large detachments of the military against them, but the robbers commonly attacked thofe parties by furprize and defeated them. The czar on this offered a very high reward for the heads of their leaders, and a free pardon to all the rett. The chiefs being apprehenfive that they should one day or other be betrayed by their followers, came to a resolution to make a general plunder, once for all; which they did, and carried off large quantities of corn, horfes, cattle, all forts of labouring utenfils, and all the women they could meet with, and retirEd into thefe inacceflible woods, where they fettled, cleared, and manured the ground, and lived ever fince, governed by their own laws, without ever after molefling, or having the fmalleft intercourse with any of their remote neighbours." A Wild Girl Difcovered. "I was also informed that a wild girl, about eighteen years of age, had been lately taken in the neighbourhood of this town.A woman who lived here, alledged, the was her child, faying that about eighteen years ago, he was going though the wood to fee a fick fifter of ber's: being then big with child, fhe was feized with her labour-pains, and was delivered; and as fhe was then in extreme agony, fhe did not perceive by what means her child was conveyed from her; but hearing the common report that a wild girl was frequently feen in the wood, he always faid it could be no other than the child the had loft. "Many attempts had been made to catch ber, but to no purpofe, the being fo nimble fouted that none could overtake her. When the Emperor heard of it, be fent orders to the governor to raife the people of the country and furround that part of the wood where she had been obferved to frequent, and fet up their nets with which they used to catch the deer, and in this manner he was taken without receiving any hurt; the girl was immediately fent to Mofcow, under the care of her supposed mother, where I after wards faw her. She was of a fwarthy complexion, and I was told was much over grown with hair; the was very thy of being feen, and always fitting in a dark corner, trembling with fear when any body ap proached her, It was generally fuppofed The had been fuckled by a bear, but how he fubfited all the time afterwards, mut remain a fecret till he learns to speak and gives the account herfelt." That fame year he continued earnestly to folicit his discharge, which was peremptori ly refused him, and a regiment offered him, which he declined accepting. The duke of Heltein folicited for him without effect; but the Emperor gave him a furlough to go and fee his friends, and fettle his affairs. However, the war-office obliged him to fign an obligation to return in a twelve-month. He left Mofcow the 20th of May, arrived at Riga the 17th of June, and on the 30th failed for Montrofe in Scotland. After touching at different places in Sweden and Denmark, and after a voyage of 50 days, he Janded at Aberdeen, and next morning fet out for Fife, where he had the pleasure to find his mother, brother, and fifter, well at Coupar on the 20th of Auguft, after an abfence of 20 years. He got poffeffion of the fmall eftate left him by his grand uncle, fettled on it, turned faimer and married. Six-, teen years after, when the Spanish war broke out, he was appointed an engineer in chief at 20s. a day, and sent to fortify Providence, one of the Bahama's. His family, which was now pretty numerous, was his induce ment to launch into the world again. He left Scotland the 8th of Auguft 1740, and after his arrival at Providence, remained there until the 5th of January, 1745, on which day he failed for Charlestown in South Carolina. While there, Captain Frankland, now Admiral Sir Thomas Frankland, brought in his rich prize the Conception. The following is Captain Bruce's account. Captain Frankland, now Admiral Sir Thomas Frankland. "Captain Thomas Frankland brought in here a very rich French prize, whofe princi pal loading confifted in piftoles, a few chefts of dollars, and a great deal of wrought gold and fileer; the quantity was fo great, that the fhares were delivered by weight, to fave the trouble of counting it; fo that pittoles were now seen in Charlestown in greater plenty than the dollars had been in Providence, which could not but be very mortifying to governor Tinker, who was thereby deprived of the profits accruing from her condemnation confidering captain Frankland was ftationed there; but he met with this mortification in general, as no privateer would ever enter with their prizes into the harbour of Providence after the treatment that Sibbald and Dowall had met with. After all the cargo was taken out of this prize, and the vessel was to be put up to fale, the French captain told captain Frankland, that if he would engage to reward him hardfemely he would difcover a hidden treafure to him, which no one knew of but himself. Captain Frankland engaged to reward him very generoufly, and he did difcover thirty thoufand piftoles in a place, where no one could have thought of finding any thing. The French captain afterwards told governor Gien, that captain Frankland's generofity connitted only in one thousand pittoles; a poor reward, he said, for fo great a discovery.Captain Frankland made another very accidental difcovery: he had taken into his own fervice a brisk little French boy, who had belonged to the French captain, who, having a walking tick of no value, one of the failors had taken it from him; the boy lamented his lofs fo much, that captain Frankland ordered fearch to be made for it, to return it to the boy the flick was brought to the captain, who feeing it of no value, afked the boy, how he could make so much ado about fuch a trifle. The boy rephed brifkly, he could not walk like a gentleman, and how his airs without a flick in his hand; upon the captain's going to return him the tick, he gave him a tap on the fhoulder with it, and finding fomething rattle in the infide of it, withdrew to a room by himself, and taking off the head of it, he found jewels (ac-. cording to the French captain's report) worth sawenty thousand piftoles; who had given the stick to the boy when he furrendered, in hopes of faving it, as no body would take notice of fuch a trifle in a boy's hand. Upon the whole, the was a confiderable prize to captain Frankland." The 27th of July 1745, he arrived at Dover, and was fent into the north of England, to join marthal Wade; after which he was employed in fortifying Berwick. The quick transition from a hot to a cold climate and a winter campaign, entirely ruined his health, being attacked at the fame time with a rupture and an asthma, he retired to his house in the country, where he died in the year 3757. Ilis memoirs were published in 1782, for the benefit of his widow, and we can truly fay, we never read a work fo full of information and entertainment. INDIA AFFAIRS. Board of Controul. Court of Directors. Nabob of Arcot. Rajab of Tanjore. Mr. Haflings. Refolves of Court of Directors. Civil and Military Servants in Bengal. SINCERE friend to the prefent admi Anitration, cannot avoid expreffing his " "and in the conclusion of the late war." How different are these fentiments from the opinion of a majority of the late House of Commons, who acquiefced in the abuse heaped upon the proprietors, for coming to the refolution, which is now justly approved of? The new board have alfo approved of the following refolutions, which the Court of Directors came to, unanimously, on the 28th of October. be restored to the Nabob, on the terms prefcribed by Mr. Haftings. They have approved of the Court of Directors sending to Mr. Hattings, and the fupreme council the thanks of the general court of proprietors, which paffed laft November, and flopped in fo extraordinary manner by Lord North, 'just as Mr. Fox was bringing in this bill of rapine and injuftice. The new board speaks the fentiments of the public, after full and mature examination, when they fay in the letter, approving of the refolution being fent to Bengal, that it is by no means our with to prevent your notifying to the Goverastonishment at their difregard of the flagrant " nor General, and other members of the fallehoods, which are in hourly circulation, "fupreme council, the juft fente, which in order to difcredit their measures. They "the court of proprietors have expreffed, every day hear Mr. Pitt's taxes called op- "of the great and meritorious exertions of preffive, but they do not remind the public," thofe gentlemen, during the continuance, that Mr. Fox long ago told Lord North, what would be the confequence of the Ame. rican war, that it would bring us to the end of taxation, and that according to one of his Bate declarations, every efficient tax must be felt. Again, whether the new window tax is a wife one or not, all parties agreed, that the high duties upon tea operated as an encouragement to fmugglers, and that it was abfolutely neceflary to reduce them. But of all the mifreprefentations that have been made, none are more unfounded, than those, which flate, that there have been violent difputes between the new Board of Controul and the Court of Directors. true, there has been a difference of opinion between them, upon a fubject, on which men could never agree, and in which, if an angel were to defcend from heaven, he could not decide fo, as to fatisfy all parties.While the Nabob of Arcot, and the Raja of Tanjore employ men as their agents or minitters, both here and in India, which is now the cafe, we fhall hear on each fide of injustice and violated rights. The Board of Controul have entertained different fenti ments, refpecting the Nabob and the Raja, from the Directors. They inveftigated the fubje&t with great attention, and their decifion by law is final-fo that, after having received, and replied to the reprefentation of the Directors, the fubject of difference is at an end. The new board have also differed in fome degree from the Directors, as to the mode adopted of paying the Nabob's debts to individuals. But in other important points, which will restore confidence to our governments in India, they have cordially agreed. They have written a conciliatory letter to the Nabob of the Carnatic; they have fubftantially adopted the fentiments of Mr. Haftings, by ordering the Carnatic to N O Τ E. It is Lord Sydney Secretary of State, Mr. Pitt, Chancellor Exchequer, Mr. Dundas, Lord Walfingham, Mr. Win. W. Grenville, Lord Mulgrave, As peace and tranquillity are now perfectly eftablished throughout India, and this Court being fenfible, that this event has been principally owing to the very able and fpirited exertions of our Governor General and our Supreme Council, RESOLVED unanimoufly, That the thanks of this court be conveyed to Warren Haftings, Efq; for his firm, unwearied, and fuccessful endeavours, in procuring the late peace with the feveral powers in India. Refolved unanimoudly, That the thanks of this court be conveyed to the fupreme council, for the affittance they have given, in procuring the late peace with the powers in India. Refolved unanimously, That our Governor General and Council be directed to inform Mr. David Anderfon, that this court entertain a proper fente of his matterly conduct, in negociating with the Mahratta powers, and that they hall rank him among those, who may have a claim to their fa vour. Refolved unanimoufly, That the thanks of this court be given to the Right Hon. Lord Macartney, for his zeal and activity in the Company's fervice, and for his affittance in procuring the late peace in India. The Directors had further refolved, that Mr. Haftings fhould be requested to remain in India, for one year after the arrival of his fucceffor in India, at the end of which, he was ordered to quit, and that he fhould proceed immediately to make r. trenchments in every department. This re folution folution was difapproved on obvious grounds. That the power of recal was not folely in the Directors,-that if Mr. Haftings was better calculated, than any other perion, to reduce their establishments, why limit him to one year, if not, why continue him fo long? Thefe are the proceedings, which the coalition writers fay, are to be the caule of anarchy and diforder in India-but the fact AUTHENTIC ACCOUNT of the Average Nett lb. Aver. Prices. Bohea 1,177,967 58 181 Congou 457,862 5 Singlo 820,369 3 4 Hyfon 135,002 624 Average of both Sales. I 7층 Singlo 4 9 Bohea Hylon Of the Manners of the early Greeks. From Mitford's Hiftory of Greece, just publibed. (Concluded from Dec. Mag. page 708.) OW neceffary this generous point of H honour (hospitality), was, to allev af the miferies to which mankind in that unsettled ftate of law and government were liable, we may gather from many lively and affecting pictures fcattered through Homer's poems. Befide the general incompetency of governments to fecure internal order, the best regulated were in perpetual danger of ruin from foreign enemies; and this ruin was cruel, was complete. These are the evils," we are told in the Iliad, that follow the capture of a town: the men are killed; the city is burnt to the ground; the wo men and children of all ranks are carried off for flaves. Wretch that I am,' fays the venerable Priam, what evil does the great Jupiter bring on me in my old age! My fons flain, my daughters dragged into flavery; violence pervading even the chambers of my palace; and the very in⚫fants dashed against the ground in horrid sport of war. I myself, flain in the vain office of defence, fhall be the prey of my own dogs, perhaps in my very palacegates!' Where fuch was war, the manners of warriors, even of the nobleft characters, could not be without ftains of barbarism and illihighest rank, meeting in battle, addrefs each We find, in the Iliad, men of berality. other in language the moft grofly infulting: they threaten, they revile, and fometimes jeft in a very unfeemly manner on the mif98,678 fortunes of their adverfaries. You whom 115,887 the Greeks fo honour above others,' fays 22,809 Hector to Diomed, are no better than a 138,401 woman. Go, wretch!' Then follows 42,859 the reafon of this perfonal anger: You think to ftorm our city, and carry off our women in your fhips.' After this the added threat however will not appear unreasonable: My arm,' continues Hector, 137,906 fhall first send you to the infernal deities." 130,538 With minds thus heated, and manners thus 10,330 roughened, it is no wonder if we find chiefs 176,878 of the fame nation and army ufe great illi55,829 berality of language one to another. Of this, not to mention a difpute fo extreme as 511,481 that between Agamemnon and Achilles, Hector in a speech to Polydamas, and Oilean £. 930,115 Ajax to Idomeneus, afford remarkable examples. 418,634 1784. 36 It was little ufual to give quarter. Why fo tender hearted?' fays Agamemnon to Menelaus, feeing him hefitate while a Trojan of high rank, who had had the misfortune to Le are now generally in a great measure the effect of chance; for it feldom can be afcertained from what hand precifely they come, and revenge thus wants its object. Other favourable circumstances it is true have affifted; but this, it may fairly be prefumed, has had its hare in making revenge alien to modern,wai fare. be difabled by being thrown from his chariot, was begging for life? Are you and your house fo beholden to the Trojans ? Let not one of them efcape destruction ⚫ from our hands; no, nor the child within his mother's womb. Let all perish unmourned; let not a veftige of them be feen remaining.' The poet gives the fanction of his own approbation to this in- While fuch were the horrors of war conhumanity in a Prince by no means generally tinually threatening, not frontier provinces characterized inhuman: It was justly of extenfive realms, but every man's door, fpoken,' fays Homer; and he turned his we may wonder at any progrefs that civility brother's mind. Menelaus, accordingly, and the arts of peace had made among manpushed away the noble fuppliant, and the kind; that wealth, grandeur, elegance, and king of men himself was the executioner almoft that any thing beyond mere neceffawho put the unrefifting wretch to death. ries of life, were thought worth any pains Hector, in whom we find fo many amiable to acquire. But, amid the alarms of vioqualities, was not lefs infected with this lence and oppreffion, the fpirit of hofpitalibarbarous spirit of his age. When he had ty, fo generally diffused, often alleviated killed Patroclus, and ftripped him on the misfortune; and, even in the crash of nafpot of his divine armour, he poftponed the tions, many individuals, if they could fave most preffing and molt important concerns, only their lives from the general ruin, were equally of himself and of his country, to the at no lofs for refources. This extenfive gratification of weak revenge; lofing fight communication of the rights of hospitality of all the greater objects of battle while he was of powerful effect to humanize a favåge ftruggled for the naked coife, with inten- people, to excite a relish for elegance in stile tion to complete its contumely by giving it of living, and to make the more refined joys to be devoured by Trojan dogs; and to of fociety more eagerly fought, as well as make his vengeance lasting by depriving it more easily obtained. There was in Ho of those funeral rites which were, in the mer's time great difference in the poffeffions opinion of the times, neceffary to the repofe of individuals; some had large tracts of land of fouls after death. We must not therefore with numerous herds and flocks; others wonder that the common Greeks fhould de- had none. This ftate of things is generally light in wounding the dead body of Hector favourable to the arts; a few, who have a himself when he was soon after flain; nor fuperabundance of wealth, being better able ought we to attribute peculiar ferocity to and generally more willing to encourage the character of Achilles for the indignities them than numbers who have only a comwith which he treated it; fince both the petency. The communication of the rights morality and the religion of his age, far from of hofpitality would alfo affift toward the condemning fuch conduct, evidently taught prefervation of property of those families him so confider it as directed, not indeed by who had once acquired it. A fort of affo humanity, but by social affection, and in- ciation was thus formed, which in some deforced by that piety, fuch as it was, which gree fupplied the want of a regular admithe gods of his country required. When niftration of law. Without fome fecurity the unfortunate monarch of Troy came af- thus derived, we should scarcely have found terward in perfon to beg the body of his distinction of rank so strongly marked as it heroic fon, we find the conduct of Achilles is in Homer. A man of rank, it appears, marked by a fuperior spirit of generous humight be known by his gait and manners manity. Yet in the very act of granting the pious request, he doubts if he is quite excufable to the foul of his departed friend for remitting the extremity of vengeance which he had meditated, and restoring the corfe to receive the rites of burial. Agreeably to this cruel fpirit of warfare, the to ken of victory was the head of the principal perfon of the vanquished in fixed on a poft. The milder temper of a more civilized age abolished this custom, and it became ufual for the conqueror only to fufpend a fuit of armour on a poft; which, thus a dorned, was termed a trophy.—Perhaps fire-arms have contributed to homanize war. The most cruel ftrokes to individuals under every difguife of a mean habit, and mean employment. This could never be without a wide diftinction existing through fucceffive generations. A youth is defcribed elegant in his dress, and delicate in his perfon; fuch, fays the poet, as the fons of Princes ufually are.' It is remarkable that the youth thus defcribed was in the employment of a fhepherd. Strength, however, and activity always go to the description of Homer's men of rank: but luxury, such as it was in those days, never is mentioned as unbecoming a hero; though it was more particularly the privilege of the aged. The wealthy, as we have already obferved, had houses built of freeftone, fpacious, and with many |